Cell Biology Quizzes: Test Your Understanding of Cells

Question 1

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is the primary site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 2

Which of these processes requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 3

Which function is NOT performed by the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Generates energy for the cell

Answer

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer

Forms a protective barrier around the cell

Answer

Participates in cell communication

Question 4

What is a primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Producing and modifying proteins

Answer

Storing genetic material

Answer

Generating energy for the cell

Answer

Conducting photosynthesis

Question 5

The cell cycle is a series of stages that cells go through as they grow and divide. What is the correct order of these stages?

Accepted Answer

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Answer

Interphase, Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase

Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Interphase, Telophase

Answer

Telophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Prophase, Interphase

Question 6

Which of the following processes is NOT performed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Protein transport

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 7

Which statement does NOT describe the structure of a phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophilic heads face outwards, towards water.

Answer

The hydrophobic tails face inwards, away from water.

Answer

The bilayer is selectively permeable to specific molecules.

Answer

The bilayer is a fluid mosaic, with proteins embedded in it.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Regulating the movement of molecules into and out of the cell

Answer

Providing structural support to the cell

Answer

Protecting the cell from its surroundings

Question 9

Which organelle is unique to plant cells and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for making proteins and is found in both simple and complex cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

Where does carbohydrate synthesis occur, unlike the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing lipids

Answer

Modifying and sorting proteins

Answer

Forming vesicles

Answer

Packaging and secreting molecules

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for making and changing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 14

Which process is NOT performed by the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Protein modification and sorting

Answer

Formation of lysosomes

Answer

Packaging and secretion of proteins

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential drawback of genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Introducing unintended genetic changes that could have unknown consequences

Answer

Developing crops resistant to pests and diseases

Answer

Producing pharmaceuticals, such as insulin, more efficiently

Answer

Creating new types of animals with desirable traits

Question 16

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Modification and packaging of proteins and lipids

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Answer

Energy production

Question 17

What is a key function of the Golgi apparatus in cells?

Accepted Answer

Creating lysosomes

Answer

Producing proteins

Answer

Generating energy

Answer

Decomposing cellular waste

Question 18

In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is a vital organelle. Which of these statements best describes a key structural feature of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Contains genetic material organized into chromosomes

Answer

Enclosed by a single lipid bilayer membrane

Answer

Primary site of photosynthesis in plant cells

Answer

Present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Question 19

Which of the following accurately describes the structure and function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A semi-permeable lipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances across the membrane

Answer

A rigid barrier that maintains the cell's shape

Answer

A single layer of phospholipids that surrounds the cell

Answer

A carbohydrate-rich layer that protects the cell from harm

Question 20

Which of the following is a primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Producing and maturing vesicles, including lysosomes

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Storing energy as starch

Answer

Generating ATP for cellular energy

Question 21

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of stem cells?

Accepted Answer

They can develop into various cell types.

Answer

They are exclusively found in embryonic tissue.

Answer

They divide symmetrically, producing two identical daughter cells.

Answer

They are only present in plants.

Question 22

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle acts as the control center, housing genetic material and directing cellular functions like protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 23

Which characteristic is a hallmark of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division

Answer

Reduced metabolism

Answer

Specialized cell functions

Answer

Normal cell shape

Question 24

Which process results in a cell dividing into two identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 25

Which structure is responsible for transporting materials across the nuclear membrane?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 26

CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing tool used primarily for:

Accepted Answer

Modifying and repairing genes

Answer

Creating renewable energy

Answer

Studying subatomic particles

Answer

Finding life beyond Earth

Question 27

Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells to distant sites in the body, is influenced by several factors. Which of the following is NOT a factor that promotes metastasis?

Accepted Answer

Immune surveillance, which effectively recognizes and eliminates cancer cells

Answer

Enhanced cell motility, allowing cancer cells to invade neighboring tissues

Answer

Development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), providing nutrients and oxygen to metastatic tumors

Answer

Alterations in gene expression, such as activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes

Question 28

During which subphase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Answer

G1 phase

Answer

G2 phase

Answer

M phase

Question 29

What feature is unique to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes on nuclear membrane

Answer

Mitosis for cell division

Question 30

Which characteristic is true for all cell organelles?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound and contain specialized enzymes

Answer

Enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane

Answer

Contain their own DNA

Answer

Involved in protein synthesis

Question 31

How does the cytoskeleton contribute to cell shape and movement?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support, maintaining cell shape.

Accepted Answer

Facilitates cell movement, including crawling and division.

Answer

Transports materials within the cell.

Answer

Involved in cell signaling and communication.

Question 32

Which cell structure is responsible for controlling cell activities like protein synthesis and cell division?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

Which phase is NOT part of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 34

Which cell type has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic

Answer

Prokaryotic

Answer

Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Answer

Neither Prokaryotic nor Eukaryotic

Question 35

In a eukaryotic cell, which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Question 36

Which component of the cell membrane provides structural support and maintains cell shape?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Question 37

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and modification

Answer

Lipid synthesis and modification

Answer

Carbohydrate synthesis

Answer

Mitochondrial function

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

Abiotic composition

Answer

Reproduction

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Evolution

Question 39

What is the main function of hemoglobin in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen

Answer

To store genetic information

Answer

To regulate cell division

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Question 40

What is the primary role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

To translate mRNA into a sequence of amino acids

Answer

To transcribe DNA into RNA

Answer

To bind to tRNA molecules

Answer

To package and transport proteins

Question 41

Which characteristic is NOT a key distinction between active and passive transport processes across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Type of molecules transported

Answer

Energy requirement

Answer

Direction of movement

Question 42

Which of the following processes allows substances to move across a cell membrane without the need for membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 43

Which process involves bringing substances into the cell by forming vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 44

Which subcellular structure is responsible for assembling and modifying ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 45

In a eukaryotic cell, the Golgi apparatus is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Packaging and secretion of cellular materials

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid modification

Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 46

Identify the stage that is NOT part of mitosis:

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Generating energy through cellular respiration?

Answer

Permitting the selective passage of molecules into and out of the cell?

Answer

Providing protection and maintaining the cell's shape?

Answer

Facilitating cell-to-cell communication through specialized receptors?

Question 48

Which of the following is a characteristic of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Involves movement of molecules without energy, through channels or the lipid bilayer

Answer

Requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient

Answer

Moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration

Answer

Same as active transport, which uses ATP to move molecules

Question 49

Which organelle is not enclosed by a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 50

Which subcellular structure processes and chemically modifies newly synthesized proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 52

Which of the following accurately describes the function of the nucleus of a cell?

Accepted Answer

Control center of the cell, housing the genetic material

Answer

Responsible for protein synthesis

Answer

Directs cell division processes

Answer

Modifies and packages molecules

Question 53

Which of the following best describes passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of particles across a membrane without the need for energy

Answer

Movement of particles against a concentration gradient

Answer

Movement of particles using energy-driven pumps

Answer

Movement of particles through facilitated channels

Question 54

What process results in the formation of two identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Binary fission

Question 55

Which organelle is the primary site of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Ribosome

Question 56

In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the center of the cell, creating the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 57

Which of the following is the PRIMARY function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the exchange of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

To store genetic material

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Question 58

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins at the direction of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 59

Which process describes the movement of substances across a concentration gradient without the need for energy?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 60

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell

Answer

To transport materials around the cell

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Question 61

The selective permeability of the cell membrane allows for:

Accepted Answer

The controlled passage of specific substances into and out of the cell

Answer

The uncontrolled flow of all substances across the membrane

Answer

The random movement of substances across the membrane

Answer

The complete blockage of all substances from entering or leaving the cell

Question 62

Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 63

What is the collective term for the stages of cell division where genetic material is separated?

Accepted Answer

Karyokinesis

Answer

Interphase

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Meiosis

Question 64

Which type of transport mechanism involves the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without energy input?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis