RNA Structure and Transcription: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Year 12 Biology

Question 1

Which characteristic is unique to eukaryotic RNA polymerase II?

Accepted Answer

Composed of multiple subunits

Answer

Requires a primer to initiate transcription

Answer

Transcribes only protein-coding genes

Answer

Does not require a promoter

Question 2

Which enzyme plays a critical role in RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

Spliceosome

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 3

Which of the following is the initial step in the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region

Answer

Uncoiling of the DNA double helix

Answer

Synthesis of RNA molecules

Answer

Termination of transcription

Question 4

What is the final product of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A single-stranded RNA molecule

Answer

A double-stranded DNA molecule

Answer

A protein molecule

Answer

A carbohydrate molecule

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the addition of nucleotides during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA helicase

Answer

RNA ligase

Question 6

What is the purpose of RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

To remove introns, or non-coding regions, from the primary RNA transcript

Answer

To add exons, or coding regions, to the primary RNA transcript

Answer

To translate the RNA transcript into a protein

Answer

To terminate transcription

Question 7

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of eukaryotic RNA?

Accepted Answer

Presence of introns

Answer

Single-stranded nature

Answer

Absence of capping or polyadenylation

Answer

Circular structure

Question 8

What is the main role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Assembly of proteins

Answer

Transcription of DNA

Answer

Translation of RNA

Answer

Replication of DNA

Question 9

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins

Answer

It regulates gene expression

Answer

It provides instructions for DNA replication

Answer

It stores genetic information

Question 10

In eukaryotes, how do transcription factors contribute to transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

By binding to the promoter region and facilitating RNA polymerase binding

Answer

By binding to RNA polymerase and blocking its activity

Answer

By binding to the terminator region and ending transcription

Question 11

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

snRNA

Question 12

What is the purpose of the terminator sequence within an RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

To signal the end of transcription

Answer

To bind ribosomes and initiate translation

Answer

To protect RNA from degradation

Answer

To facilitate splicing of introns

Question 13

Which process removes introns and joins exons in an RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Question 14

Which technique is commonly used to determine gene expression levels by measuring mRNA abundance?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative PCR (qPCR)

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

tRNA

Question 16

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 17

Which enzyme is responsible for catalysing the formation of RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Question 18

What is the complementary base pair to guanine in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Thymine

Question 19

What is the role of the promoter region in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Binds RNA polymerase and initiates transcription

Answer

Terminates transcription

Answer

Encodes the gene sequence

Answer

Splices the RNA transcript

Question 20

What is the process by which a gene is expressed?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation

Answer

Replication and transcription

Answer

Translation and replication

Answer

Mutation and recombination

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a function of non-coding RNAs?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Epigenetic regulation

Answer

Splicing regulation

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 23

Which component primarily constitutes the sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA?

Accepted Answer

Ribose and phosphate groups

Answer

Deoxyribose and phosphate groups

Answer

Ribose and deoxyribose groups

Answer

Glucose and phosphate groups

Question 24

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for initiating the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Primase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 25

In eukaryotic cells, where does transcription typically take place?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 26

Within a gene, which region serves as the template strand for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Coding region

Answer

Promoter

Answer

Intron

Answer

Terminator

Question 27

What is the primary role of introns in eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

Removal during RNA processing

Answer

Encoding proteins

Answer

Enhancing gene expression

Answer

Protecting the gene from mutations

Question 28

In eukaryotic cells, what are the three primary types of RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Pol I, Pol II, Pol III

Answer

Pol A, Pol B, Pol C

Answer

Pol I, Pol II, Pol IV

Answer

Pol A, Pol B, Pol III

Question 29

What is the primary function of mRNA during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transporting the genetic code to the ribosome

Answer

Catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds

Answer

Binding to tRNA molecules

Answer

Transporting amino acids to the ribosome

Question 30

During RNA splicing, what is the primary function of introns?

Accepted Answer

Be removed from the mRNA molecule

Answer

Provide genetic diversity

Answer

Regulate gene expression

Answer

Encode amino acids

Question 31

During transcription, which of the following is NOT essential for RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter region of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Sigma factor

Answer

Template strand of DNA

Answer

Transcription factors

Question 32

What is a key advantage of alternative splicing in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Greater protein diversity

Answer

Lower energy consumption

Answer

Improved protein stability

Question 33

What is RNA localization and how does it contribute to the organization of cellular compartments?

Accepted Answer

RNA localization is the targeted transport of specific RNA molecules to specific cellular compartments, ensuring their presence where needed for cellular functions.

Answer

RNA localization is the random distribution of RNA molecules throughout the cell, leading to haphazard cellular processes.

Answer

RNA localization is the selective degradation of RNA molecules in specific cellular compartments, resulting in a lack of necessary RNAs in those compartments.

Question 34

Which nitrogenous base is exclusive to RNA and not found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Question 35

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis

Answer

Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Answer

Transports amino acids to the ribosomes

Question 36

Which type of RNA molecule is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 37

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the transcription process and synthesizing RNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

RNA Polymerase

Answer

DNA Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Helicase

Question 38

What is the significance of the promoter region in relation to transcription?

Accepted Answer

The promoter region serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase, initiating the transcription process.

Answer

The promoter region signals the termination of transcription.

Answer

The promoter region contains the start codon for protein synthesis.

Question 39

How many nucleotides constitute a single codon?

Accepted Answer

Three

Answer

Two

Answer

One

Answer

Four

Question 40

What is the primary role of transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors regulate the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter

Answer

Transcription factors facilitate the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Answer

Transcription factors catalyze the formation of peptide bonds during translation

Question 41

Which of these statements is TRUE about the differences between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.

Answer

RNA is more stable than DNA.

Answer

DNA uses uracil (U), while RNA uses thymine (T).

Answer

DNA is found in the cytoplasm, while RNA is found only in the nucleus.

Question 42

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Answer

Transporting specific amino acids to the ribosome.

Answer

Providing structural support for ribosomes.

Answer

Catalysing the formation of peptide bonds during translation.

Question 43

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 44

What is the name of the DNA region where RNA polymerase attaches to begin transcription?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Answer

Exon

Answer

Terminator

Answer

Intron

Question 45

During transcription, which strand of DNA is used as a template to create RNA?

Accepted Answer

The template strand (3' to 5')

Answer

Both strands are used.

Answer

The coding strand (5' to 3')

Question 46

What is the main role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Transporting specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Answer

Catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds.

Answer

Carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.

Question 47

What is the process called where introns are removed from pre-mRNA and exons are joined together?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Answer

Capping

Answer

Polyadenylation

Question 48

How does the structure of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) contribute to its function?

Accepted Answer

It forms the structural framework of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.

Answer

It carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.

Answer

It transports amino acids to the ribosomes.