Programming Concepts: Master the Fundamentals of Coding

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a basic data type in Python?

Accepted Answer

List

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a basic data type in Python?

Accepted Answer

Object

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 3

What is a defining characteristic of recursive functions?

Accepted Answer

They call themselves.

Answer

They always return a value.

Answer

They can only solve simple problems.

Answer

They are always more efficient than iterative functions.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in Java?

Accepted Answer

String

Answer

int

Answer

float

Answer

boolean

Question 5

Which of the following is a non-primitive data type in Java?

Accepted Answer

String

Answer

int

Answer

float

Answer

double

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in Python?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in Java?

Accepted Answer

String

Answer

int

Answer

boolean

Answer

float

Question 8

Which of the following is **not** a benefit of using functions in a program?

Accepted Answer

Reduced testing effort

Answer

Code reusability

Answer

Increased readability

Answer

Improved maintainability

Question 9

Which of the following is **not** a recognized programming paradigm?

Accepted Answer

Spaghetti code

Answer

Object-oriented programming

Answer

Procedural programming

Answer

Functional programming

Question 10

Which of the following is **not** a primitive data type in Java?

Accepted Answer

string

Answer

int

Answer

boolean

Answer

double

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental data type in Python?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in programming?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 13

Which of the following is **not** a basic data type in Python?

Accepted Answer

List

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental data structure used in programming?

Accepted Answer

Constant

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Stack

Question 15

Which of these is a valid variable name in Java?

Accepted Answer

_myVariable

Answer

$myVariable

Answer

my-Variable

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a basic data type in programming?

Accepted Answer

Function

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 17

Which data structure is used to organize data in a hierarchical manner?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

Hash Table

Question 18

Which algorithm employs the divide-and-conquer approach?

Accepted Answer

Binary Search

Answer

Linear Search

Answer

Breadth-First Search

Answer

Depth-First Search

Question 19

In software development, which element is crucial for the effective implementation of version control?

Accepted Answer

A centralized repository for managing code changes

Answer

Multiple backups of the codebase stored in various locations

Answer

A specific programming language that supports version control

Answer

Clear naming conventions for different versions of the codebase

Question 20

Which data structure is designed to store hierarchical data, allowing each element to have multiple child elements?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Stack

Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Question 21

In object-oriented programming, what's the main reason for using abstraction?

Accepted Answer

To simplify complex details by presenting a clear and concise view of the system's functions.

Answer

To control access to certain parts of a program by enforcing security measures.

Answer

To give users complete control over every aspect of a program, allowing for highly customized solutions.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in Python?

Accepted Answer

List

Answer

Integer

Answer

Float

Answer

String

Question 23

What is a **defining feature** of object-oriented programming (OOP)?

Accepted Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Global variables

Answer

Procedural programming

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a reserved keyword in Python?

Accepted Answer

variable

Answer

if

Answer

while

Answer

class

Question 25

In Java, which of the following is NOT a primitive data type?

Accepted Answer

String

Answer

int

Answer

float

Answer

boolean

Question 26

In object-oriented programming, what is the key feature of polymorphism?

Accepted Answer

Objects of different classes can respond to the same message in a consistent way.

Answer

Polymorphism allows functions with the same name to have different parameters.

Answer

Polymorphism enables multiple objects to share the same memory space.

Answer

Polymorphism is a method for implementing inheritance in object-oriented programming.

Question 27

When designing a program, what is a key consideration for organizing code to make it clear and easy to maintain?

Accepted Answer

Breaking the program into smaller, independent modules or functions

Answer

Using global variables to share data between functions

Answer

Including unnecessary comments throughout the code for better understanding

Answer

Using the same variable name for different purposes in different parts of the program

Question 28

What are the key benefits of documentation in programming?

Accepted Answer

Provides clear instructions for using and understanding the program.

Accepted Answer

Explains the technical implementation for other developers.

Accepted Answer

Records changes over time, aiding collaboration.

Answer

Tests the functionality of the program.

Question 29

In version control, what's the main purpose of a commit message?

Accepted Answer

To explain the changes made to the code.

Answer

To track code changes with a unique ID.

Answer

To alert team members about code updates.

Answer

To back up the code in case it's lost or corrupted.

Question 30

In Python, which control structure allows a program to make decisions based on the evaluation of a condition?

Accepted Answer

If statement

Answer

For loop

Answer

While loop

Answer

Switch statement

Question 31

In programming, what's the main goal of debugging?

Accepted Answer

Find and fix errors in the code.

Answer

Make the program run faster.

Answer

Make the code look better.

Answer

Stop errors from happening.

Question 32

Which algorithm approach involves breaking down a problem into smaller and smaller parts until a simple solution is found?

Accepted Answer

Divide-and-Conquer

Answer

Brute-Force

Answer

Greedy

Question 33

In object-oriented programming, what is the process called when a new object is created that inherits the properties of an existing object?

Accepted Answer

Instantiation

Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Polymorphism

Question 34

In object-oriented programming, what is the term for the ability of objects to respond to the same method call in a consistent manner, regardless of their class?

Accepted Answer

Polymorphism

Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Method Overloading

Question 35

In Java, what is the primary purpose of using the "final" keyword with a method?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the method from being overridden in subclasses.

Answer

To mark the method as part of the class's interface.

Answer

To restrict direct access to the method from outside the class.

Answer

To guarantee the method's execution before any other method in the class.

Question 36

When you need to store a lot of items and quickly find any item by its position, which data structure is the best choice?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Tree

Question 37

What is an effective strategy for solving complex programming problems?

Accepted Answer

Break the problem into smaller parts

Answer

Guess and check different solutions

Answer

Ignore the problem

Question 38

In Java, what is the purpose of the square brackets '[]' when declaring an array?

Accepted Answer

To set the size of the array

Answer

To name the array

Answer

To specify the data type of the array elements

Answer

To initialize the array with values

Question 39

How do control structures help in programming?

Accepted Answer

They control the order in which code is executed.

Answer

They store data and perform calculations.

Answer

They define the types of data variables can hold.

Answer

They create functions and procedures.

Question 40

In object-oriented programming, what is the main purpose of the 'this' keyword?

Accepted Answer

To access the object's own instance variables and methods within a method.

Answer

To pass the object as an argument when calling another method.

Answer

To create a new instance of the object.

Question 41

In object-oriented programming, encapsulation primarily refers to:

Accepted Answer

Combining related data and methods into objects while restricting direct access to them, enforcing controlled access through well-defined interfaces.

Answer

Hiding the implementation details of an object from other objects.

Answer

Allowing objects to interact with each other solely through message passing.

Answer

Preventing objects from inheriting properties and behaviors from other objects.

Question 42

In programming, what is the main reason for using variables?

Accepted Answer

Variables store data that can be changed as the program runs.

Answer

Variables are fixed values that cannot be changed.

Answer

Variables create functions that can be called from anywhere in the program.

Question 43

Which of these is NOT a primitive data type in Java?

Accepted Answer

String

Answer

int

Answer

boolean

Answer

double

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a valid variable name in Python?

Accepted Answer

123abc

Accepted Answer

my variable

Answer

my_variable

Answer

_my_variable

Question 45

What is the purpose of a software testing framework, and how does it enhance the testing process?

Accepted Answer

Provides a structured approach, ensuring consistency and reducing errors.

Answer

Can only be used for small software programs.

Answer

Requires extensive coding knowledge and experience.

Answer

Not necessary for effective software testing.

Question 46

In algorithm analysis, what does 'time complexity' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The number of steps an algorithm performs in relation to the size of its input

Answer

The exact amount of time an algorithm takes to run on a specific input

Answer

How quickly an algorithm can process large amounts of data

Answer

Time complexity is not a relevant factor when choosing the most efficient algorithm for a given problem

Question 47

In Python, can you declare a variable without assigning it an initial value?

Accepted Answer

Yes, the variable will be assigned a default value of None.

Answer

No, you must always assign a value to a variable when you declare it.

Answer

Yes, but the variable will be assigned a default value of 0.

Answer

No, you must first declare the variable's data type before you can assign it a value.

Question 48

In Java, which access modifier allows classes within the same package to access class members, but prevents access from classes outside the package?

Accepted Answer

Protected

Answer

Public

Answer

Private

Question 49

In Java, what's the main purpose of the `static` modifier? How does it impact a method or variable's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Allows direct access to a method or variable using the class name, without creating an object.

Answer

Limits access to a method or variable, making it private to the class.

Answer

Guarantees thread safety for a method or variable.

Question 50

In Python, which of the following is a valid variable name?

Accepted Answer

_xyz

Answer

123abc

Answer

my-variable

Answer

#variable

Question 51

What is the primary purpose of a loop in programming?

Accepted Answer

To execute a block of code repeatedly

Answer

To store data in a variable

Answer

To make a decision based on a condition

Answer

To define a function or method

Question 52

Which of the listed options is NOT a fundamental data type in Java?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 53

In programming, what is the distinction between a variable and a constant?

Accepted Answer

A variable can be modified, while a constant cannot.

Answer

A constant can be modified, while a variable cannot.

Answer

Variables and constants are essentially the same concept.

Answer

Constants do not exist in programming.

Question 54

Which of the following is an example of a conditional statement?

Accepted Answer

if (condition) { ... }

Answer

for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { ... }

Answer

while (condition) { ... }

Answer

return value;

Question 55

Why is code reusability a valuable feature in software development? Discuss its advantages.

Accepted Answer

Reduces development time and effort

Accepted Answer

Enhances code quality and maintainability

Answer

Increases code complexity and debugging difficulty

Question 56

Question:

In software development, why is it crucial to gather and analyze requirements, especially for complex systems with multiple stakeholders and evolving needs?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the software meets the actual needs and expectations of the stakeholders.

Answer

Only necessary for large-scale software projects.

Answer

Can be skipped if stakeholders are unavailable.

Answer

Not important in agile software development methodologies.

Question 57

What is the primary purpose of using a loop in a program?

Accepted Answer

To repeatedly execute a block of code

Answer

To store data for later use

Answer

To make a decision based on a condition

Answer

To handle errors and exceptions

Question 58

In Python, what is the primary difference between a list and a tuple?

Accepted Answer

Lists are mutable, while tuples are immutable.

Answer

Tuples are mutable, while lists are immutable.

Answer

Lists can contain any data type, while tuples can only contain integers.

Answer

Tuples can contain any data type, while lists can only contain strings.

Question 59

In programming, what is the purpose of an array?

Accepted Answer

To store multiple data elements of the same type

Answer

To store multiple data elements of different types

Answer

To execute a sequence of instructions

Answer

To handle user input

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a valid identifier name in Python?

Accepted Answer

123

Answer

my_variable

Answer

_my_variable

Answer

class

Question 61

Which of the following is the correct syntax to define a function in Python?

Accepted Answer

def name(parameters):

Answer

function name(parameters):

Answer

def name(parameters)::

Answer

function name(parameters)::

Question 62

What is the purpose of an if statement in programming?

Accepted Answer

To execute code only if a condition is true

Answer

To execute code only if a condition is false

Answer

To define a variable

Answer

To call a function

Question 63

What is the output of the following Python code?: range(5)

Accepted Answer

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

Answer

0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Answer

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Answer

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Question 64

Which of the following is a good practice when writing comments in code?

Accepted Answer

Use clear and descriptive language

Answer

Start comments with // or #

Answer

Avoid using comments altogether

Answer

Use short comments to save space