Applied Anatomy and Physiology for Physical Education: Master the Human Body for Performance

Question 1

Which function is NOT carried out by the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Protecting vital organs

Answer

Storing and releasing minerals

Question 2

Regular physical activity causes adaptations in the cardiovascular system. How do these adaptations affect heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity increases heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output.

Answer

Regular physical activity decreases heart rate and stroke volume, but increases cardiac output.

Question 3

Which muscle is primarily responsible for pointing the foot downwards?

Accepted Answer

Gastrocnemius

Answer

Tibialis anterior

Answer

Hamstrings

Question 4

When obtaining informed consent for a physical examination, which ethical consideration is most important?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring the person understands and can make informed decisions

Answer

Using complex scientific terms that may be hard to understand

Answer

Asking the person to sign the consent form without giving them a chance to ask questions

Question 5

Tendons connect muscles to bones. What is their primary role in the body?

Accepted Answer

Transferring force from muscles to bones, facilitating movement

Answer

Generating force for movement

Answer

Reducing friction between muscles and bones

Answer

Protecting muscles from impact

Question 6

Which physiological response occurs immediately after intense interval training and contributes to muscle fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Increased lactic acid production

Answer

Increased blood flow to muscles

Answer

Decreased muscle glycogen

Answer

Decreased muscle protein synthesis

Question 7

Which of the following bones is part of the appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Humerus

Answer

Skull

Answer

Ribs

Answer

Vertebrae

Question 8

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Veins

Answer

Arteries

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Arterioles

Question 9

What is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for inhibiting muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Question 10

What is the process by which the body breaks down large molecules into smaller ones called?

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Circulation

Question 11

Which factor most significantly influences blood pressure during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Intensity of exercise

Answer

Duration of exercise

Answer

Body temperature

Answer

Hydration status

Question 12

The smallest unit of muscle tissue is called a:

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Answer

Myofibril

Answer

Myofilament

Answer

Neuron

Question 13

Which of the following blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymph vessels

Question 14

Gas exchange between the blood and body tissues occurs in the:

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Trachea

Question 15

Which division of the nervous system controls automatic and involuntary functions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 16

The hormone that stimulates muscle growth and repair is:

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Question 17

When a muscle shortens and the joint angle decreases, which type of muscle contraction is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Concentric

Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isotonic

Question 18

Which of the following is **NOT** a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulates blood sugar levels

Answer

Provides support and protection for the body

Answer

Enables movement in conjunction with muscles

Answer

Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

Question 19

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle length **does not** change?

Accepted Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isotonic

Answer

Concentric

Answer

Eccentric

Question 20

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood **away** from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Aorta

Question 21

Which part of the respiratory system is **primarily** responsible for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Lungs and alveoli

Answer

Nose and mouth

Answer

Pharynx and larynx

Answer

Trachea and bronchi

Question 22

Which part of the nervous system controls **involuntary** actions, such as heart rate and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 23

Which joint allows for the movement of the **arm** at the shoulder?

Accepted Answer

Shoulder joint

Answer

Hip joint

Answer

Knee joint

Answer

Elbow joint

Question 24

Which hormone is responsible for **increasing muscle mass**?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Cortisol

Question 25

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air in the lungs is known as:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Active transport

Question 26

Which of the following is an INCORRECT function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Produces blood cells

Answer

Provides support and protection

Answer

Facilitates movement

Answer

Stores minerals

Question 27

Which of the following muscle types is responsible for voluntary movements?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal

Answer

Smooth

Answer

Cardiac

Answer

Visceral

Question 28

What is the PRIMARY role of the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

To aid in breathing

Answer

To pump blood

Answer

To digest food

Answer

To produce hormones

Question 29

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary functions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 30

What is the name of the smallest functional unit of muscle?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Answer

Myofilament

Answer

Myofibril

Answer

Myosin

Question 31

Which type of joint permits the widest range of movement, including rotation?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket

Answer

Hinge

Answer

Pivot

Answer

Saddle

Question 32

Which of the following neurotransmitters plays a role in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Produces red blood cells

Answer

Provides structural support

Answer

Protects internal organs

Answer

Stores minerals

Question 34

What is the main role of the heart?

Accepted Answer

To pump blood and maintain circulation

Answer

To regulate blood pressure

Answer

To filter waste products from the blood

Answer

To produce red blood cells

Question 35

The main function of the diaphragm is to:

Accepted Answer

Control breathing

Answer

Digest food

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Answer

Pump blood

Question 36

Which part of the brain is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Spinal cord

Question 37

What is the primary role of mitochondria in cells?

Accepted Answer

Generate energy

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Synthesise proteins

Answer

Regulate cell division

Question 38

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Testosterone

Question 39

Which type of muscle contraction involves shortening the muscle length?

Accepted Answer

Concentric

Answer

Isotonic

Answer

Isokinetic

Answer

Eccentric

Question 40

What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Initiates electrical impulses for heart contractions

Answer

Regulates heart rate

Answer

Regulates blood flow

Answer

Pumps blood through arteries

Question 41

Which of the following is a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Temperature regulation

Answer

Nutrient absorption

Answer

Waste elimination

Question 42

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue that connects bones to each other?

Accepted Answer

Ligament

Answer

Tendon

Answer

Cartilage

Answer

Fascia

Question 43

Which hormone is involved in regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Estrogen

Question 44

What is the name of the molecule that serves as the main source of energy for cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

ADP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Glycogen

Question 45

Which type of muscle fiber is responsible for maintaining prolonged, low-intensity contractions?

Accepted Answer

Slow-twitch fibers (Type I)

Answer

Fast-twitch fibers (Type IIa)

Answer

Fast-twitch fibers (Type IIx)

Answer

Intermediate fibers (Type III)

Question 46

Which type of joint permits movement in multiple planes of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Question 47

What is the primary function of the heart's left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Pumping oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation

Answer

Receiving deoxygenated blood from the body

Answer

Controlling heart rate and rhythm

Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Question 48

Which type of blood vessel carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymphatics

Question 49

What is the main purpose of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the environment

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To remove waste products from the body

Answer

To produce hormones

Question 50

Which part of the brain is responsible for maintaining balance and coordination?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Spinal cord

Question 51

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system during physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Prepares the body for a 'fight or flight' response (increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration)

Answer

Calms the body and promotes rest and relaxation

Answer

Regulates digestion and metabolism

Answer

Controls body temperature

Question 52

Which type of force is exerted by muscles when they contract?

Accepted Answer

Tension force

Answer

Compressive force

Answer

Shear force

Answer

Gravitational force

Question 53

What is the primary role of carbohydrates during physical activity?

Accepted Answer

To provide energy for muscle contraction

Answer

To build and repair muscle tissue

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To support immune function

Question 54

Which training method is most effective for developing muscular strength?

Accepted Answer

Resistance training with weights or machines

Answer

High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

Answer

Plyometric training (jumping and bounding exercises)

Answer

Aerobic training (endurance activities)

Question 55

Which ethical principle ensures that everyone has fair chances and results in physical activity and sports?

Accepted Answer

Equity and inclusion

Answer

Injury prevention

Answer

Anti-doping

Answer

Physical fitness

Question 56

What is the name of the largest artery in the human body, which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Answer

Pulmonary artery

Answer

Carotid artery

Answer

Femoral artery

Question 57

Which of the following is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the environment

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To excrete waste products

Answer

To protect against infection

Question 58

Which part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory information?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 59

What is the main function of tendons within the musculoskeletal system?

Accepted Answer

To connect muscles to bones, enabling movement

Answer

To connect bones to bones

Answer

To produce muscular contractions

Answer

To store energy for muscle activity

Question 60

Which hormone is responsible for regulating growth and development in humans?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 61

What is the term for involuntary muscle contractions that occur during sleep?

Accepted Answer

Myoclonus

Answer

Tetany

Answer

Spasticity

Answer

Paralysis

Question 62

What is the primary role of the sinoatrial node in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat

Answer

Receiving nerve signals from the brain

Answer

Pumping blood through the heart chambers

Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Question 63

Select the primary function of the respiratory system:

Accepted Answer

Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the environment

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Filtration of blood

Answer

Production of hormones

Question 64

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary actions, such as breathing and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Sensory nervous system