Dynamic Planet: Explore Earth's Tectonic Processes and Hazards

Question 1

Which of the following statements about the Earth's crust is correct?

Accepted Answer

The crust is divided into oceanic and continental types.

Accepted Answer

The crust is constantly being created and recycled through plate tectonics.

Answer

The crust is thicker than the mantle.

Answer

The crust is mostly made of heavy metals.

Question 2

Which type of plate boundary occurs when two plates move horizontally past each other?

Accepted Answer

Transform boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Collision boundary

Question 3

When an oceanic plate and a continental plate interact, which type of plate boundary is formed?

Accepted Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 4

What is a key characteristic of the Earth's mantle?

Accepted Answer

It drives the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates.

Answer

It is a liquid layer surrounding the Earth's core.

Answer

It is the hottest layer of the Earth.

Answer

It is primarily composed of water.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary where two tectonic plates interact?

Accepted Answer

Hotspot

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 6

What drives the movement of tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

Convection currents in the Earth's mantle

Answer

The Earth's rotation

Answer

Gravitational forces from the moon

Answer

Volcanic eruptions

Question 7

What process involves the gradual breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Metamorphism

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary where tectonic plates interact?

Accepted Answer

Collision boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the Earth's internal structure?

Accepted Answer

Atmosphere

Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Outer core

Question 10

Which process in the rock cycle alters existing rocks into new types with different characteristics due to intense heat and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Crystallization

Answer

Melting

Question 11

Which of the following is **not** a type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Conservative boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 12

Which type of boundary is NOT a recognized plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Lateral boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 13

Which of these is not a type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Neutral boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 14

When tectonic plates interact at their boundaries, what are the three possible outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, transform boundaries

Answer

Convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, subduction zones

Answer

Transform boundaries, divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries

Answer

Subduction zones, transform boundaries, divergent boundaries

Question 15

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in the weathering of rocks?

Accepted Answer

Deposition

Answer

Chemical weathering

Answer

Physical weathering

Answer

Biological weathering

Question 16

Which process does NOT contribute to landform formation through deposition?

Accepted Answer

Solidification of lava on the Earth's surface

Answer

Accumulation of sand by wind

Answer

Layering of sediments by a river

Question 17

Which of these is not a type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Oblique

Answer

Convergent

Answer

Divergent

Answer

Transform

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the Earth's internal structure?

Accepted Answer

Atmosphere

Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Outer Core

Question 19

Which of these processes is NOT involved in the weathering of rocks?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Dissolution

Answer

Oxidation

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a solid layer of the Earth's structure?

Accepted Answer

Atmosphere

Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Core

Question 21

Which of these is **NOT** a topic covered in the 'Dynamic Planet' unit?

Accepted Answer

Human-Environment Interactions

Answer

Plate Tectonics

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Tsunamis

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Collision

Answer

Convergent

Answer

Divergent

Answer

Transform

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a direct result of plate tectonics?

Accepted Answer

Global warming

Answer

Earthquakes

Answer

Volcanic eruptions

Answer

Tsunamis

Question 24

Volcanoes are primarily formed at which type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Convergent

Answer

Divergent

Answer

Transform

Answer

Oceanic ridge

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary?

Accepted Answer

Subduction zone

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Question 26

Which of the following hazards is NOT directly associated with volcanic activity?

Accepted Answer

Tsunamis

Answer

Pyroclastic flows

Answer

Lahars

Answer

Volcanic gases

Question 27

How do plate tectonics influence the global distribution of natural hazards?

Accepted Answer

Plate tectonics creates vulnerable areas in the Earth's crust, making them more prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Answer

Plate tectonics has no effect on the geographic distribution of natural hazards.

Answer

Plate tectonics only affects the distribution of earthquakes.

Question 28

How do weathering and erosion shape the Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

Weathering breaks down rocks, and erosion transports the broken pieces.

Answer

Weathering creates new landforms, while erosion destroys them.

Answer

Weathering and erosion only happen in mountains.

Answer

Climate and plants don't affect weathering and erosion.

Question 29

Earthquakes provide valuable insights into the Earth's interior. How do earthquakes contribute to our understanding of the Earth's structure?

Accepted Answer

Seismic waves generated by earthquakes reveal the Earth's internal layers.

Answer

Scientists can directly access the Earth's interior through earthquakes.

Answer

Earthquakes only occur at the boundaries of tectonic plates.

Answer

Earthquake epicenters always align with volcanic eruptions.

Question 30

Question:

How do interactions between tectonic plates shape the Earth's surface, leading to the formation of different geological features?

Accepted Answer

Option 2:
Plate interactions can create geological features such as mountain ranges, ocean basins, and rift valleys.

Answer

Option 1:
Plate interactions only cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, without affecting geological features.

Answer

Option 3:
Plate interactions do not influence the distribution of natural resources or the occurrence of natural hazards.

Question 31

How do igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks form? Describe their unique features.

Accepted Answer

Igneous: Formed when molten rock cools and solidifies, often crystalline.

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary: Formed from accumulated and cemented sediments, often layered and may contain fossils.

Accepted Answer

Metamorphic: Formed when existing rocks undergo intense heat and pressure, often with a foliated or banded appearance.

Question 32

Which strategy is most effective in minimizing the risks associated with geological hazards like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Enforcing building codes and land-use planning

Answer

Building settlements in high-risk areas

Answer

Relying solely on emergency response teams

Answer

Ignoring the potential risks of geological hazards

Question 33

How has plate tectonics, as a unifying theory, revolutionized our understanding of Earth's geological processes?

Accepted Answer

It explains the global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, providing a unified understanding of these phenomena.

Answer

It has led to advanced technologies for predicting and reducing geological hazards.

Answer

It has disproved the theory of continental drift, which proposed the movement of continents over time.

Answer

It has no significant implications for our understanding of Earth's geological processes and serves only as a descriptive model.

Question 34

What type of plate boundary occurs when two plates move apart, creating new oceanic crust?

Accepted Answer

Divergent

Answer

Convergent

Answer

Transform

Answer

Subduction

Question 35

Which of the following is a characteristic of an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

Sudden release of energy causing ground shaking

Answer

Movement of magma

Answer

Emission of volcanic gases

Answer

Formation of a caldera

Question 36

What is the term for a large sea wave caused by an underwater disturbance?

Accepted Answer

Tsunami

Answer

Hurricane

Answer

Storm surge

Answer

Typhoon

Question 37

Which layer of the Earth is the solid, rocky outer layer that we live on?

Accepted Answer

Crust

Answer

Mantle

Answer

Core

Answer

Atmosphere

Question 38

What is the theory that explains the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Answer

General Relativity Theory

Answer

Theory of Evolution

Answer

Quantum Field Theory

Question 39

What type of fault occurs when rocks on either side of the fault slide horizontally past each other?

Accepted Answer

Strike-slip fault

Answer

Dip-slip fault

Answer

Oblique-slip fault

Answer

Reverse fault

Question 40

Which type of seismic wave travels fastest through Earth's interior?

Accepted Answer

P-wave

Answer

S-wave

Answer

Surface wave

Answer

Love wave

Question 41

What is the term for the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's starting point?

Accepted Answer

Epicentre

Answer

Focus

Answer

Hypocentre

Answer

Fault line

Question 42

Which volcanic eruption type features vast amounts of highly fluid lava that flows swiftly?

Accepted Answer

Hawaiian

Answer

Strombolian

Question 43

Which of these seismic waves does NOT travel through the Earth's interior?

Accepted Answer

Love wave

Answer

P-wave

Answer

S-wave

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary that connects tectonic plates?

Accepted Answer

Neutral

Answer

Convergent

Answer

Divergent

Answer

Transform

Question 45

What is the term for the point on Earth's surface located directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

Epicenter

Answer

Hypocenter

Answer

Magnitude

Answer

Intensity

Question 46

What is the scientific theory that proposes the formation of new oceanic crust at divergent plate boundaries as tectonic plates move apart?

Accepted Answer

Theory of Seafloor Spreading

Answer

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Answer

Theory of Continental Drift

Answer

Theory of Isostasy

Question 47

What is the name of the instrument used to measure the ground motion and magnitude of earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

Seismograph

Answer

Anemometer

Answer

Barometer

Answer

Thermometer

Question 48

What was the name of the supercontinent that existed approximately 300 million years ago?

Accepted Answer

Pangea

Answer

Gondwana

Answer

Laurasia

Answer

Rodinia

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the type and nature of volcanic eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Local weather conditions

Answer

Magma composition

Answer

Gas content

Answer

Plate tectonics

Question 50

What is the term for the process by which rocks are physically and chemically broken down into smaller pieces?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Metamorphism

Question 51

Around 250 million years ago, which supercontinent gradually broke apart to form the present-day continents?

Accepted Answer

Pangea

Answer

Gondwana

Answer

Laurasia

Answer

Tethys

Question 52

Which volcanic eruption is characterized by violent explosions and the release of large amounts of ash and tephra?

Accepted Answer

Vulcanian eruption

Answer

Effusive eruption

Answer

Strombolian eruption

Answer

Pelean eruption

Question 53

Which process leads to the formation of new landforms through the accumulation of sediment?

Accepted Answer

Deposition

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Erosion

Question 54

When two tectonic plates move towards each other, which type of plate boundary is formed?

Accepted Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Transform boundary

Answer

Collision boundary

Question 55

How does plate tectonics theory help us understand the formation and distribution of mountain ranges worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Plate tectonics theory explains the forces and processes that uplift and fold rocks to form mountain ranges.

Answer

Plate tectonics theory is not useful for understanding mountain formation because it only focuses on plate movement.

Answer

Plate tectonics theory only applies to mountains along plate boundaries, not those within plate interiors.

Answer

Plate tectonics theory only applies to large mountain ranges, not smaller hills and mountains.

Question 56

How do stress and strain contribute to the formation and energy release of earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

Stress causes rocks to deform (strain), releasing elastic energy as seismic waves during an earthquake.

Answer

Strain causes rocks to deform, generating heat released as an earthquake.

Answer

Stress is the energy released during an earthquake, causing rocks to deform (strain).

Question 57

How do the locations of fossils of the same species on different continents support the theory of plate tectonics?

Accepted Answer

It suggests that the continents were once connected and have since drifted apart.

Answer

It suggests that the species evolved independently on each continent.

Answer

It suggests that the fossils were transported by water currents or wind.

Question 58

Describe the factors that can influence the initiation and termination of volcanic eruptions. Explain how these factors can be monitored to assess volcanic hazards.

Accepted Answer

Initiation: Pressure buildup from magma accumulation. Termination: Degassing and cooling of magma.

Answer

Initiation: Plate movement. Termination: Lava flow.

Answer

Initiation: Release of volcanic gases. Termination: High magma viscosity.

Answer

Initiation: Increased seismic activity. Termination: Ground subsidence.

Question 59

How does plate tectonics influence the distribution and characteristics of natural hazards?

Accepted Answer

Plate tectonics influences the distribution of natural hazards by concentrating them along plate boundaries.

Accepted Answer

The type of plate boundary determines the types of natural hazards that can occur.

Answer

Plate tectonics only influences the occurrence of earthquakes, not other natural hazards.

Answer

Plate tectonics has no influence on the characteristics of natural hazards.

Question 60

Which type of plate boundary involves the collision of two plates?

Accepted Answer

Convergent

Answer

Divergent

Answer

Transform

Answer

Conservative

Question 61

Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by slow-moving lava flows and gentle eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Hawaiian

Answer

Strombolian

Answer

Vulcanian

Answer

Pelean

Question 62

What is the primary cause of earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

The sudden movement of tectonic plates along a fault

Answer

Volcanic activity

Answer

Landslides

Answer

Meteorite impacts

Question 63

Which instrument is used to measure the strength of earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

Seismograph

Answer

Barometer

Answer

Anemometer

Answer

Thermometer

Question 64

What is the term for the large waves generated by underwater disturbances, such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions?

Accepted Answer

Tsunamis

Answer

Flooding

Answer

Landslides

Answer

Earthquakes