Cell Biology Quizzes: Test Your Understanding of Cells

Question 1

In a eukaryotic cell, what is the main role of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Answer

Contains DNA and controls cell activities.

Answer

Produces proteins needed for cell processes.

Answer

Holds ribosomes, which make proteins.

Question 2

Which function is NOT performed by the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing lipids

Answer

Modifying and sorting proteins

Answer

Forming secretory vesicles

Answer

Producing lysosomes

Question 3

Which cellular function is primarily carried out by ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cell division

Question 4

What structure distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Cell Wall

Answer

Plasma Membrane

Question 5

In eukaryotic cells, which structure is responsible for assembling ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Nucleoplasm

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Chromatin

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the cell membrane in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, controlling substance exchange and maintaining cell integrity.

Answer

A single lipid layer that completely prevents molecules from entering the cell.

Answer

A membrane found only in prokaryotic cells, involved in cell division and energy production.

Answer

A structure composed of ribosomes and enzymes, responsible for protein and lipid synthesis.

Question 8

What is the structural organization of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

Answer

A single layer of phospholipids

Answer

A single layer of proteins

Answer

A phospholipid bilayer without embedded proteins

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and quality control in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging molecules for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 11

What are the primary functions of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Provide physical stability and form a boundary for the cell

Accepted Answer

Regulate the passage of molecules and ions across the cell

Answer

Synthesize and store genetic material

Answer

Produce and secrete cellular products

Question 12

During mitosis, which stage involves the separation of sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 13

What is the main role of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste and foreign materials

Answer

Storing genetic material

Answer

Producing proteins

Answer

Generating energy for the cell

Question 14

Within eukaryotic cells, which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 15

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Answer

Transports nutrients into and waste products out of the cell.

Answer

Provides physical protection and structural support to the cell.

Question 16

In eukaryotic cells, the Golgi apparatus performs a vital function. Which of the following is its PRIMARY role?

Accepted Answer

Modification and packaging of proteins

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cellular waste processing

Answer

DNA replication

Question 17

Cancer cells are characterized by which of the following traits?

Accepted Answer

Resistance to programmed cell death

Answer

Increased cell cycle checkpoints

Answer

Inability to spread to other tissues

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for making proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 19

What is a defining characteristic that distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells?

Accepted Answer

Alterations in cell signaling pathways

Answer

Controlled cell division

Answer

Increased cell death rate

Question 20

What is the characteristic structure of a plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Multi-layered structure of cellulose microfibrils in a hemicellulose and pectin matrix

Answer

Single phospholipid layer with embedded proteins

Answer

Thin peptidoglycan layer

Answer

Double phospholipid layer with embedded proteins

Question 21

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 22

Which of the following is the primary function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Assembly of ribosomal subunits

Answer

Processing of messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 23

Which type of membrane protein facilitates the selective transport of molecules, ions, and macromolecules across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins

Answer

Glycoproteins

Answer

Peripheral proteins

Answer

Cholesterol

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a component of the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Stroma

Answer

Chlorophyll

Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Phospholipids

Question 25

What is the process by which unspecialized cells develop into specialized cells with specific functions?

Accepted Answer

Cell differentiation

Answer

Cell division

Answer

Genetic mutation

Answer

Cell senescence

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a function of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Directly participating in protein synthesis

Answer

Carrying genetic information

Answer

Controlling the process of cell division

Answer

Regulating gene expression

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic material

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Detoxification of drugs and toxins

Question 28

In plant cells and some microbial cells, vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles. What is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Storing water and ions to regulate cell volume and turgidity

Answer

Protein synthesis and secretion

Answer

Synthesizing and assembling ribosomes

Answer

Producing and compartmentalizing digestive enzymes

Question 29

What is a primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids

Answer

Synthesizing proteins and carbohydrates

Answer

Generating energy for the cell

Question 30

How would you define cell differentiation?

Accepted Answer

The gradual specialization of stem cells into distinct cell types.

Answer

The spontaneous change of one cell type into another.

Answer

The division of cells into identical copies.

Answer

The loss of cellular identity and function.

Question 31

In mitosis, which stage marks the separation of sister chromatids and their movement to opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Interphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Contains the cell's genetic material

Answer

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Provides support and shape to the cell

Question 33

During which stage of cell division do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 34

Which of these is not a nucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

ADP

Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

tRNA

Question 35

Compare the structure and function of lysosomes and peroxisomes, explaining their roles in maintaining cellular balance.

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for digesting waste, while peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes for detoxifying substances.

Answer

Lysosomes contain oxidative enzymes for detoxifying substances, while peroxisomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for digesting waste.

Answer

Both lysosomes and peroxisomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for digesting waste.

Answer

Both lysosomes and peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes for detoxifying substances.

Question 36

Which characteristic of cancer cells contributes to their uncontrolled growth?

Accepted Answer

Loss of cell cycle checkpoints

Answer

Increased apoptosis

Answer

Reduced DNA repair mechanisms

Answer

Absence of telomerase activity

Question 37

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in cellular respiration and energy production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain enzymes involved in the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and electron transport chain, enabling the production of ATP.

Answer

Mitochondria are responsible for synthesizing proteins necessary for cell growth and division.

Answer

Mitochondria regulate cellular pH by pumping hydrogen ions across their inner membrane.

Answer

Mitochondria store genetic material in the form of circular DNA molecules.

Question 38

Q: How do chloroplasts contribute to maintaining ecological balance and environmental sustainability?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts release oxygen into the atmosphere, maintaining atmospheric gas balance.

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing greenhouse gas levels.

Answer

Chloroplasts convert light energy into heat energy, regulating Earth's temperature.

Question 39

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 40

Which of the following is **not** a fundamental type of biological molecule found in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Photons

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Proteins

Question 41

Which of the following is not a type of cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 42

What is the primary function of ribosomes within eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Answer

To transport molecules across the cell membrane

Answer

To store genetic material

Question 43

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 44

Which of the following is not a characteristic of stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Have a limited lifespan

Answer

Unspecialized

Answer

Capable of differentiating into other cell types

Answer

Can self-renew indefinitely

Question 45

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

To store genetic material

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To protect the cell from its environment

Question 46

What is the main function of lysosomes within eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

To digest and recycle cellular waste

Answer

To store energy

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Question 47

Which of the following is not a type of nuclear division that occurs in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis I

Answer

Meiosis II

Question 48

What is a primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

To modify, sort, and package proteins

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To produce ribosomes

Answer

To store genetic material

Question 49

What is the process by which cells divide called?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Transcription

Question 50

Which type of cell has ribosomes but lacks a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Answer

Stem cell

Answer

Red blood cell

Question 51

What is the primary structural difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Answer

Presence of chloroplasts

Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Answer

Absence of a plasma membrane

Question 52

What is the main function of enzymes in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catalyze chemical reactions

Answer

Provide energy for the cell

Answer

Transport materials across the cell membrane

Answer

Synthesize new molecules

Question 53

What is the primary molecule that carries genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 55

Cellular respiration takes place in which cell organelle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosome

Question 56

The primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence of a:

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 57

How do organelles contribute to maintaining a stable internal environment within eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Organelles perform specific tasks that regulate conditions inside the cell, helping to maintain overall cellular balance.

Answer

Organelles control all aspects of a cell's life, including growth, reproduction, and death.

Answer

Organelles are mainly involved in cell division, ensuring the creation of new cells with identical genetic material.

Question 58

Within a eukaryotic cell, which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 59

How does the Golgi apparatus contribute to cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Modifies and sorts proteins for secretion or incorporation into the cell membrane

Answer

Breaks down waste products and cellular debris

Answer

Synthesizes lipids for the cell membrane

Answer

Provides energy for the cell's activities

Question 60

Which characteristic is unique to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Absence of a true nucleus

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Presence of mitochondria

Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Question 61

Which organelle is responsible for generating most of the cell's ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 62

What process makes an identical copy of DNA before cell division?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Recombination

Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Question 63

Which of the following is an example of passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 64

Which organelle modifies and packages proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes