The Endocrine System: Hormones and Their Roles in Regulating Body Functions

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system in humans?

Accepted Answer

Digesting food

Answer

Regulating metabolism

Answer

Controlling growth and development

Answer

Maintaining electrolyte balance

Question 2

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it:

Accepted Answer

Controls the release of hormones from other endocrine glands

Answer

Secretes hormones that directly regulate target organs

Answer

Produces hormones essential for growth and development

Answer

Regulates blood sugar levels

Question 3

The adrenal glands secrete hormones that play a vital role in the body's response to:

Accepted Answer

Stress

Answer

Sleep

Answer

Digestion

Answer

Reproduction

Question 4

Which of the following endocrine glands is responsible for regulating blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid glands

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 5

The hormone responsible for triggering ovulation in females is:

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 6

Which of the following statements about hormones is accurate?

Accepted Answer

They are chemical messengers that act on specific target cells

Answer

They are produced by all cells in the body

Answer

They can only have stimulatory effects

Answer

They are always transported in the bloodstream

Question 7

The negative feedback mechanism is a common regulatory pathway for many endocrine hormones. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

The hormone stimulates the production of another hormone that inhibits its release

Answer

The hormone stimulates its own production

Answer

The hormone inhibits its own production

Answer

The hormone inhibits the production of another hormone that stimulates its release

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT classified as a major endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 9

Describe the correct sequence of events in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis:

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus secretes CRH -> Pituitary secretes ACTH -> Adrenal gland secretes cortisol

Answer

Pituitary secretes ACTH -> Adrenal gland secretes cortisol -> Hypothalamus secretes CRH

Answer

Adrenal gland secretes cortisol -> Pituitary secretes ACTH -> Hypothalamus secretes CRH

Answer

Hypothalamus secretes ACTH -> Adrenal gland secretes cortisol -> Pituitary secretes CRH

Question 10

Which organ is primarily targeted by the hormone adrenaline?

Accepted Answer

Heart

Answer

Liver

Answer

Brain

Answer

Pancreas

Question 11

Identify the endocrine gland that secretes the hormone responsible for growth and development during childhood and adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 12

Which hormone is primarily involved in regulating calcium homeostasis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Question 13

Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Rapid heartbeat

Question 14

Which hormone is primarily synthesized using iodine?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Question 15

Which hormone primarily regulates calcium levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Question 16

Which of the listed structures is NOT an endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Stomach

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 17

What is the main function of oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating milk ejection during breastfeeding

Answer

Regulating blood sugar levels

Answer

Promoting muscle contractions

Answer

Controlling growth and development

Question 18

Which hormone is primarily involved in the body's stress response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Progesterone

Question 19

Which gland secretes growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 20

What is the primary mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Binding to receptors within the nucleus of target cells

Answer

Activating receptors on the cell surface

Answer

Inhibiting the activity of specific enzymes

Answer

Stimulating second messenger cascades

Question 21

What is the primary function of negative feedback in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

To maintain hormone levels within a narrow physiological range

Answer

To amplify hormone signals throughout the body

Answer

To increase hormone release from endocrine glands

Answer

To inhibit hormone release from endocrine glands

Question 22

Which hormone is essential for glucose metabolism and utilization?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

ADH

Question 23

What is the primary target organ for anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Liver

Answer

Heart

Answer

Brain

Question 24

Which of the following is not considered a primary endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 25

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the body's response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Endorphin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 26

Which of the following is a primary function of thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Regulating metabolism

Answer

Promoting growth and development

Answer

Controlling blood sugar levels

Answer

Maintaining electrolyte balance

Question 27

Which organ is NOT considered a primary endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 28

Insulin is a hormone responsible for regulating the levels of what substance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Blood sugar

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Thyroid hormones

Answer

Stomach acid

Question 29

Which hormone is crucial for maintaining pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 30

Endocrine glands are characterized by their ability to:

Accepted Answer

Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Answer

Release hormones into ducts connected to target organs.

Answer

Transmit hormones through nerve impulses.

Answer

Store hormones for later release.

Question 31

A key feature of negative feedback in the endocrine system is the ability to:

Accepted Answer

Reverse the initial change in hormone levels.

Answer

Amplify the initial change in hormone levels.

Answer

Increase hormone secretion indefinitely.

Answer

Only occur in response to low hormone levels.

Question 32

The primary role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system is to:

Accepted Answer

Control the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Answer

Produce and secrete hormones.

Answer

Act as a direct target for hormone action.

Answer

Store and metabolize hormones.

Question 33

Which hormone is associated with regulating the body's sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 34

The main distinction between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland lies in their:

Accepted Answer

Hormone secretion mechanism

Answer

Location in the body

Answer

Hormone target cells

Answer

Hormone chemical structure

Question 35

Which gland is designated as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 36

Which characteristic is NOT associated with endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Possession of ducts or tubes for hormone release

Answer

Hormones released directly into the bloodstream

Answer

Targeting specific cells or tissues

Answer

Regulation of physiological processes

Question 37

Which type of feedback loop is commonly observed in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop

Answer

Positive feedback loop

Answer

Ultradian feedback loop

Answer

Circadian feedback loop

Question 38

Identify the gland that releases the hormone responsible for stimulating the release of thyroid hormones

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Gonads

Question 39

Which of the following hormones promotes cell growth and differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 40

Which hormone is NOT involved in the regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Renin

Answer

Aldosterone

Question 41

Which endocrine gland is responsible for regulating growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 42

Which hormone secreted by the pancreas is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 43

Which pair of glands are responsible for the release of hormones that regulate the body's stress response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pituitary and thyroid glands

Answer

Gonads and pancreas

Answer

Pineal and pituitary glands

Question 44

Which gland is responsible for producing the hormones that control the menstrual cycle in females?

Accepted Answer

Ovaries

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid glands

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 45

Which hormone secreted by the pineal gland is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 46

Which gland secretes hormones that regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid glands

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Gonads

Question 47

Which hormone secreted by the hypothalamus stimulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 48

Which gland is responsible for producing the hormones that control milk production in females after childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Parathyroid glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 49

Which gland is the primary regulator of metabolism in the body?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Pancreas