Biological Psychology: Uncover the Brain-Behavior Connection

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with reward, motivation, and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for generating excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and initiating muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Question 4

In the 'fight or flight' response, which neurotransmitter triggers the body's physiological reactions to stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 5

Which of the following functions is primarily regulated by factors other than neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate regulation

Answer

Attention and focus

Answer

Mood and emotions

Answer

Memory and learning

Question 6

Which function is NOT associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced digestion

Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Pupil dilation

Answer

Elevated blood pressure

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for regulating body temperature and aiding in the transition between sleep and wakefulness?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

Which structure enables communication between neurons?

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Axon

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 9

In synaptic transmission, what is the main role of neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

To enable signal transmission across the synaptic gap between neurons.

Answer

To provide structural support for the synapse, allowing electrical signals to pass through.

Answer

To regulate bodily functions by being released into the bloodstream as hormones.

Answer

To break down other neurotransmitters after they are released into the synaptic gap.

Question 10

Which function is NOT carried out by the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Controlling the sleep-wake cycle

Answer

Stimulating growth hormone release

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the pleasurable feelings and rewards we experience when engaging in enjoyable activities?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter in the human brain?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following substances is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Question 14

Which of the following functions is NOT performed by the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Processing and interpreting visual information

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Controlling hunger and thirst

Answer

Producing hormones that regulate growth and metabolism

Question 15

What is a primary function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Enable communication between neurons across synapses

Answer

Regulate hormone levels in the bloodstream

Answer

Control muscle contractions

Answer

Provide energy for brain activity

Question 16

Within the central nervous system, which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for facilitating communication at inhibitory synapses?

Accepted Answer

Glycine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 17

Which of the following is **not** found in the neuron's cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon hillock

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 19

In neurons, which mechanism is primarily responsible for transmitting electrical signals over long distances?

Accepted Answer

Action potential

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Synaptic transmission

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is primarily linked to inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 21

Which of the following substances is distinct from the others in its primary role within the body?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Endorphin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling digestion

Answer

Sending signals to and from the brain to control body functions

Answer

Processing sensory information from the environment

Question 23

Which brain region is responsible for regulating body temperature, sleep-wake cycles, and hormone production, maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 24

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, what process initiates the release of neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ions enter the terminal, triggering neurotransmitter release.

Answer

Sodium-potassium pumps move neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

Answer

The presynaptic membrane depolarizes, directly releasing neurotransmitters.

Question 25

Within the endocrine system, which gland functions as the master gland, primarily responsible for regulating hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 26

In neural communication, which part of a neuron transmits signals away from the cell body to other cells?

Accepted Answer

Axons

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Synapses

Question 27

During the process of decision-making, which specific brain region is chiefly responsible for weighing potential consequences and assigning values to various options?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 28

Which neurotransmitter plays a pivotal role in reward, pleasure, motivation, and addiction formation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Endorphins

Answer

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Answer

Serotonin

Question 29

Within a neuron's structure, which component is responsible for transmitting information to other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 30

Which endocrine gland, located at the base of the brain, is known as the "master gland"?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary Gland

Answer

Thyroid Gland

Answer

Adrenal Gland

Question 31

Which brain region is responsible for consolidating and retrieving long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 32

Which of the following substances is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 33

How do genes contribute to the development of behavior?

Accepted Answer

Genes provide the foundation for behavior, which is then shaped by experiences.

Answer

Genes solely determine all aspects of behavior.

Answer

Genes have no impact on behavior.

Question 34

Which of these is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 35

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Question 36

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 37

Genetic testing offers valuable insights into our biology, but also raises ethical concerns. Discuss the potential ethical implications of genetic testing and the misuse of biological information.

Accepted Answer

The misuse of biological information can include using it for insurance purposes, employment decisions, or even targeting individuals for marketing campaigns.

Answer

There are no ethical concerns associated with genetic testing.

Answer

Genetic testing should be available to everyone, regardless of their age or socioeconomic status.

Question 38

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in regulating mood and is frequently linked to depression and anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 39

In neural communication, how do excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters differ in their effects on neurons?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory neurotransmitters promote action potential generation, while inhibitory neurotransmitters suppress it.

Answer

Excitatory neurotransmitters hinder action potential generation, while inhibitory neurotransmitters facilitate it.

Answer

Both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood of action potential generation.

Question 40

How does the endocrine system collaborate with the nervous system to regulate bodily functions?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system releases hormones that influence neurotransmitter activity, affecting mood and behavior.

Answer

The nervous system exclusively controls bodily functions, without the involvement of the endocrine system.

Answer

The endocrine system primarily regulates bodily functions, with minimal impact on the nervous system.

Answer

The nervous system produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels and other metabolic processes, which are solely controlled by the endocrine system.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Endorphins

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Question 42

The limbic system is primarily involved in:

Accepted Answer

Emotion and memory

Answer

Motor control

Answer

Language processing

Answer

Sensory perception

Question 43

Which of the following is a characteristic of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Rapid eye movements

Answer

Slow brain waves

Answer

Muscle paralysis

Answer

Absence of dreaming

Question 44

The circadian rhythm is regulated by the:

Accepted Answer

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Question 45

Which of the following methods is used to study brain activity in real time?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT)

Question 46

The term 'neuroplasticity' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ability of the brain to change structure and function over time

Answer

The release of neurotransmitters at the synapse

Answer

The formation of new neurons in adulthood

Answer

The process of encoding memories

Question 47

According to the theory of reciprocal altruism, what potential benefit can arise from altruistic behavior towards non-relatives?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced reputation and stronger social connections

Answer

Improved survival chances for the individual

Answer

Direct increase in reproductive success

Answer

Reduced competition within the group

Question 48

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in controlling muscle movement and contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 49

The central brain structure responsible for receiving and processing sensory information from the body and relaying it to other brain regions is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 50

Which of the following brain wave patterns is typically associated with deep sleep?

Accepted Answer

Delta

Answer

Alpha

Answer

Beta

Answer

Theta

Question 51

The process through which the brain adapts and modifies its structure and function in response to experiences and learning is termed:

Accepted Answer

Synaptic plasticity

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Long-term potentiation

Answer

Neural pruning

Question 52

The hormone primarily responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms is:

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Question 53

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is predominantly associated with functions related to language processing and comprehension?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 54

Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is primarily involved in which of the following processes in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Motivation, reward, and pleasure

Answer

Mood regulation and stability

Answer

Memory formation and consolidation

Answer

Sensory perception and processing

Question 55

Which region of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Thalamus

Question 56

Which biological rhythm is associated with the natural sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythm

Answer

Infradian rhythm

Answer

Ultradian rhythm

Answer

Lunar rhythm

Question 57

Which stage of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements and vivid dreams?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Answer

NREM stage 1

Answer

NREM stage 2

Answer

NREM stage 3

Question 58

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 59

Which neuroimaging technique utilizes magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of brain structures?

Accepted Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Question 60

Which endocrine gland plays a role in regulating stress responses and releases hormones that affect blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pineal gland

Question 61

Which neurotransmitter is known as the 'reward chemical' and plays a role in motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Heightened muscle tone

Answer

Vivid dreams

Answer

Rapid eye movements

Answer

Random EEG patterns

Question 63

Which brain region is primarily responsible for short-term memory and the formation of new memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Question 64

How do neurotransmitters mediate the effects of addictive drugs, and what pharmacological interventions target these neurotransmitter systems?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine and serotonin are crucial neurotransmitters involved in addiction.

Answer

Neurotransmitters play a negligible role in drug abuse and addiction.

Answer

Pharmacological interventions targeting neurotransmitter systems are ineffective in treating addiction.