Cell Structure and Function: Interactive Quizzes for Biology Year 12

Question 1

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is unique to their structure?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 2

Which cell structure is the primary site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

Which organelle in a eukaryotic cell is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 4

In eukaryotic cells, which function is carried out exclusively by the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and packaging

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Detoxification of waste products

Question 5

Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is responsible for protein synthesis based on DNA instructions?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, the protein synthesis machinery is predominantly located in:

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for processing, sorting, and distributing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

The degradation of complex molecules occurs within:

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 9

The energy powerhouse of the cell is:

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 10

The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is housed within the:

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

Vacuoles are present in:

Accepted Answer

Both plant and animal cells

Answer

Only plant cells

Answer

Only animal cells

Answer

Neither plant nor animal cells

Question 12

Which of the following acts as a selective barrier, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Question 13

The primary energy currency of the cell is:

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

ADP

Answer

NADH

Question 14

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 15

Which type of cell is characterized by the presence of a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Answer

Plant cell

Answer

Animal cell

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Protein folding

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Detoxification

Question 17

The Golgi apparatus is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Processing and packaging of proteins

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Waste disposal

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells but NOT eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Plasmid

Question 19

Which organelle is the primary site of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

The primary component of the plasma membrane is:

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Protection

Answer

Support

Answer

Water and nutrient absorption

Question 22

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi Apparatus

Question 23

Which of the following organelles is absent in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Nucleoid

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 24

The primary site for protein synthesis within the cell is the:

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 25

Which of the following functions is associated with the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and packaging

Answer

Decomposition of cellular waste

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 26

Cellular respiration primarily occurs within which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Vacuole

Question 27

A defining difference between plant and animal cells is the:

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Answer

Presence of a plasma membrane

Question 28

DNA replication takes place in the:

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 29

Cellular waste is primarily digested by:

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 30

The primary component of the cell membrane is:

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 31

The organelle found exclusively in plant cells is the:

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 32

What is the primary function of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Store genetic material

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Answer

Transport materials

Answer

Break down waste

Question 33

What is the main role of vacuoles in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of nutrients and waste

Answer

Waste breakdown

Answer

Material transport

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 34

Which organelle contains enzymes for waste breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 35

Which function does NOT belong to mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

ATP production

Answer

Lipid metabolism

Answer

Calcium buffering

Question 36

What is the major role of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and packaging

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Waste breakdown

Answer

Energy storage

Question 37

What is the primary component of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 38

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a true nucleus

Answer

Absence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Answer

Ribosomes free in the cytoplasm

Question 39

What is the primary function of the ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Cellular signaling

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a type of endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Answer

Rough ER

Answer

Smooth ER

Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 41

Which organelle is responsible for the modification and packaging of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 42

What is the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Question 43

Which of the following is the main function of the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Suspension of cellular components

Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Answer

Waste disposal

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Regulating substance movement

Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Facilitating cellular recognition

Question 45

Which structure within the nucleus is responsible for ribosome production?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Centrosome

Answer

Chromosomes

Question 46

What is the main function of lysosomes within a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and waste removal

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Generation of energy

Answer

Cellular communication

Question 47

Which organelle acts as the control center of the cell, directing protein production?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 48

Which characteristic is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Circular DNA

Question 49

In eukaryotic cells, which structure is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Question 50

Which organelle is specifically involved in cellular respiration, the process of breaking down glucose for energy?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Chloroplast

Question 51

Which cellular structure serves as the selectively permeable boundary, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 52

In which cellular component is the cell's genetic material, DNA, primarily stored?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 53

Which membrane-bound structure is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins synthesized by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 54

In plant cells, which organelle is the primary site of photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 55

Which cellular structure is responsible for organizing and separating chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome/spindle fibers

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 56

What is the term for the metabolic process by which cells break down glucose using oxygen to produce energy?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Fermentation