Introduction to Chemistry: Master the Fundamentals of Chemistry

Question 1

An endothermic process is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Absorption of energy

Answer

Release of energy

Answer

No energy change

Answer

Conversion of energy from one form to another

Question 2

What is the chemical formula representing sodium chloride?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Answer

Na2Cl

Answer

NaCl2

Answer

ClNa

Question 3

Which material conducts electricity?

Accepted Answer

Metal

Answer

Plastic

Answer

Wood

Answer

Glass

Question 4

The pH scale is primarily used to measure:

Accepted Answer

Acidity or alkalinity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Concentration

Answer

Solubility

Question 5

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called a:

Accepted Answer

Solution

Answer

Colloid

Answer

Suspension

Answer

Emulsion

Question 6

The activation energy of a reaction is:

Accepted Answer

The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur

Answer

The energy released during a reaction

Answer

The energy difference between the reactants and products

Answer

The rate of a reaction

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of matter?

Accepted Answer

Conductivity

Answer

Mass

Answer

Volume

Answer

Inertia

Question 8

What is the SI unit of energy?

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Kilogram

Answer

Mole

Answer

Kelvin

Question 9

What is the process by which a solid substance directly transforms into a gas, bypassing the liquid phase?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Condensation

Answer

Deposition

Question 10

Which of the following is a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Citric acid

Answer

Carbonic acid

Question 11

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

0

Answer

14

Answer

4

Question 12

The SI unit of temperature is:

Accepted Answer

Kelvin

Answer

Celsius

Answer

Fahrenheit

Answer

Rankine

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of a physical change?

Accepted Answer

Change in state of matter

Answer

Formation of a new substance

Answer

Change in composition

Answer

Release of energy

Question 14

A mixture of sand and water can be separated by:

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Answer

Distillation

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Centrifugation

Question 15

The law of conservation of mass states that:

Accepted Answer

Mass is always conserved in chemical reactions.

Answer

Mass can be created or destroyed in chemical reactions.

Answer

Mass is only conserved in physical changes.

Answer

Mass can be converted into energy but not vice versa.

Question 16

The mole is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The amount of substance that contains 6.022 × 10^23 representative particles.

Answer

The mass of a substance that contains 6.022 × 10^23 representative particles.

Answer

The volume of a substance that contains 6.022 × 10^23 representative particles.

Answer

The number of atoms in 1 gram of a substance.

Question 17

The International System of Units (SI) unit of mass is:

Accepted Answer

Kilogram

Answer

Pound

Answer

Gram

Answer

Tonne

Question 18

Which of the following mixtures is homogeneous?

Accepted Answer

Saltwater

Answer

Sand in water

Answer

Oil and water

Answer

Granite

Question 19

Which of the following is an exothermic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Burning of methane

Answer

Dissolving sodium chloride in water

Answer

Neutralisation of an acid and a base

Answer

Melting of ice

Question 20

Which of the following acids is strong?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Citric acid

Answer

Carbonic acid

Question 21

The pH of a neutral solution is:

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

0

Answer

14

Answer

10

Question 22

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Helium

Question 23

Which of the following is a renewable energy source?

Accepted Answer

Solar energy

Answer

Coal

Answer

Natural gas

Answer

Nuclear energy

Question 24

How do catalysts influence chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Catalysts lower the activation energy by providing an alternate pathway.

Answer

Catalysts increase the activation energy of the reaction.

Answer

Catalysts decrease the reaction rate by providing an alternate pathway.

Answer

Catalysts have no impact on reaction rates.

Question 25

Which characteristic of noble gases primarily accounts for their low chemical reactivity?

Accepted Answer

Complete valence electron configuration

Answer

High electronegativity

Answer

Existence as diatomic molecules

Answer

Low ionization energy

Question 26

Which core concept of chemistry does NOT belong in the following list?

Accepted Answer

Key discoveries in chemistry's history

Answer

Nature of science

Answer

Units of measurement

Answer

Energy changes in chemical reactions

Question 27

The standard international (SI) unit for mass is:

Accepted Answer

Kilogram

Answer

Gram

Answer

Tonne

Answer

Pound

Question 28

Which reaction type releases energy into the surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Burning of wood

Answer

Dissolving sugar in water

Answer

Melting of ice

Answer

Evaporation of alcohol

Question 29

Solids are distinct from other states of matter because they have a:

Accepted Answer

Definite shape and volume

Answer

Definite volume but no definite shape

Answer

No definite shape or volume

Answer

Definite shape but no definite volume

Question 30

When a solid directly transforms into a gas, the process is called:

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Answer

Melting

Answer

Condensation

Answer

Evaporation

Question 31

The systematic naming of chemical compounds follows a set of rules known as:

Accepted Answer

IUPAC nomenclature

Answer

Common nomenclature

Answer

Chemical formula nomenclature

Answer

Molecular nomenclature

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI)?

Accepted Answer

Degree Fahrenheit

Answer

Meter

Answer

Kilogram

Answer

Second

Question 33

A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions is called a:

Accepted Answer

Compound

Answer

Mixture

Answer

Solution

Answer

Alloy

Question 34

Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume but can flow?

Accepted Answer

Liquid

Answer

Solid

Answer

Gas

Answer

Plasma

Question 35

The energy released or absorbed in a chemical reaction is known as:

Accepted Answer

Enthalpy change

Answer

Activation energy

Answer

Gibbs free energy

Answer

Standard enthalpy of formation

Question 36

The SI unit of amount of substance is the:

Accepted Answer

Mole

Answer

Gram

Answer

Liter

Answer

Joule

Question 37

Which of the following is a characteristic of metals?

Accepted Answer

High electrical conductivity

Answer

Low thermal conductivity

Answer

Brittleness

Answer

Transparency

Question 38

The process of changing from a gas to a liquid is known as:

Accepted Answer

Condensation

Answer

Melting

Answer

Freezing

Answer

Vaporization

Question 39

Which statement is NOT a characteristic of science?

Accepted Answer

Science is subjective and biased by personal beliefs.

Answer

Science is based on objective observations and data.

Answer

Scientific findings can be verified through repeated experiments.

Answer

Science is a constantly evolving body of knowledge.

Question 40

Which International System of Units (SI) base unit is used to measure mass?

Accepted Answer

Kilogram (kg)

Answer

Meter (m)

Answer

Second (s)

Answer

Ampere (A)

Question 41

Which type of mixture has a variable composition and can be separated by physical means, such as filtration or distillation?

Accepted Answer

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer

Element

Answer

Compound

Answer

Homogeneous mixture

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental state of matter?

Accepted Answer

Colloid

Answer

Solid

Answer

Liquid

Answer

Gas

Question 43

What is the term for a chemical reaction that releases heat energy into the surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Exothermic reaction

Answer

Endothermic reaction

Answer

Combustion reaction

Answer

Neutralization reaction

Question 44

Which subatomic particle carries a positive charge?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Answer

Electron

Answer

Neutron

Answer

Ion

Question 45

What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride

Answer

Sodium monochloride

Answer

Sodium(I) chloride

Answer

Sodium cation chloride anion

Question 46

What is the process called when a gas transforms into a liquid?

Accepted Answer

Condensation

Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Sublimation

Answer

Fusion

Question 47

Which of the following substances acts as a reducing agent in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Potassium permanganate

Answer

Sodium hydroxide

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Relies heavily on intuition and guesswork

Answer

Emphasizes observation and experimentation

Answer

Involves the formation and testing of hypotheses

Answer

Is constantly evolving and self-correcting

Question 49

The International System of Units (SI) base unit of mass is:

Accepted Answer

kilogram (kg)

Answer

gram (g)

Answer

pound (lb)

Answer

ounce (oz)

Question 50

Which of the following is classified as a pure substance?

Accepted Answer

Gold

Answer

Seawater

Answer

Air

Answer

Milk

Question 51

The state of matter with a fixed volume and definite shape is:

Accepted Answer

Solid

Answer

Liquid

Answer

Gas

Answer

Plasma

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

Salt dissolved in water

Answer

Sand suspended in water

Answer

Oil and water

Answer

Granite

Question 53

Which of the following reactions is classified as exothermic?

Accepted Answer

Burning of wood

Answer

Melting of ice

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Evaporation of water

Question 54

The chemical symbol for the element sodium is:

Accepted Answer

Na

Answer

So

Answer

Sd

Answer

Su

Question 55

The molar mass of a substance is defined as its:

Accepted Answer

Mass per mole

Answer

Volume per mole

Answer

Density

Answer

Boiling point

Question 56

Which of the following is a noble gas?

Accepted Answer

Helium

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 57

Science is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Certainty

Answer

Objectivity

Answer

Skepticism

Answer

Empirical evidence

Question 58

The SI base unit of mass is the:

Accepted Answer

kilogram

Answer

gram

Answer

tonne

Answer

pound

Question 59

Which of the following mixtures is homogeneous?

Accepted Answer

Salt dissolved in water

Answer

Sand in water

Answer

Oil and water

Answer

Granite

Question 60

The state of matter with a definite shape and volume is:

Accepted Answer

Solid

Answer

Liquid

Answer

Gas

Answer

Plasma

Question 61

A chemical reaction involves:

Accepted Answer

Rearrangement of substances to form new substances

Answer

Gain or loss of energy

Answer

Change in physical properties only

Answer

No formation of new substances

Question 62

An exothermic reaction is one in which:

Accepted Answer

Energy is released

Answer

Energy is absorbed

Answer

No energy change occurs

Answer

A solid is formed

Question 63

Separating a mixture based on different boiling points is known as:

Accepted Answer

Distillation

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Crystallization