Coastal Systems: Processes, Landforms, and Management

Question 1

Which coastal landform is NOT created by the deposition of sediment?

Accepted Answer

Cliff

Answer

Beach

Answer

Spit

Answer

Tombolo

Question 2

Which coastal process involves the erosion of material caused by the impact of sediment carried by breaking waves?

Accepted Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Corrosion

Answer

Attrition

Question 3

Which of these processes does NOT directly contribute to the erosion of coastal landscapes?

Accepted Answer

Grazing

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Corrosion

Answer

Attrition

Question 4

Which hard engineering technique in coastal management physically prevents waves from reaching the shoreline and causing erosion?

Accepted Answer

Sea walls

Answer

Beach nourishment

Answer

Dune restoration

Answer

Managed retreat

Question 5

Which coastal landform is created by the erosive force of waves impacting a coastline?

Accepted Answer

Cliff

Answer

Beach

Answer

Spit

Answer

Bar

Question 6

What is the definition of abrasion in the context of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

The gradual wearing away of coastal cliffs and rocks due to physical contact with sand and pebbles carried by waves and tides.

Answer

The removal of sediment from the coastline due to chemical reactions between seawater and coastal rocks.

Answer

The breaking down of sand and pebbles into smaller particles due to the force of waves and water current.

Answer

The erosion of coastal landforms due to the hydraulic force of waves.

Question 7

Which of these is NOT a process that causes coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Deposition

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Corrosion

Answer

Longshore drift

Question 8

Which of these is NOT a cause of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Vegetation

Answer

Wave action

Answer

Tidal currents

Answer

Human activity

Question 9

Which of these processes does not directly affect the physical features of a coastline?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Weathering

Question 10

Which of these factors does NOT directly affect the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Rainfall

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Rock type

Answer

Storminess

Question 11

What is the definition of a 'beach' in the context of coastal systems?

Accepted Answer

A collection of sediment, like sand or pebbles, that builds up on the foreshore of a coastal area.

Answer

A large, enclosed body of water separated from the ocean by a barrier island or peninsula.

Answer

A steep, rocky headland formed by the erosion of a coastal cliff.

Answer

A narrow strip of land connecting a larger landmass to a smaller island.

Question 12

Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Presence of coral reefs

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Tidal range

Answer

Sediment composition

Question 13

When waves hit the coast at an angle, they create currents that flow parallel to the shoreline. These currents are called:

Accepted Answer

Longshore currents

Answer

Offshore currents

Answer

Rip currents

Answer

Tidal currents

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Attrition

Question 15

Coastal erosion occurs when waves, tides, and winds wear away the land. Which factor is most likely to worsen coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Rising sea levels

Answer

Reduced wave energy

Answer

Fewer storms

Answer

Larger sand grains

Question 16

In the context of coastal erosion, which factor does NOT directly contribute to the formation and modification of coastal landforms?

Accepted Answer

Variations in air temperature

Answer

Wave energy and sediment transport

Answer

Climate change and sea-level rise

Answer

Rock type and coastal vegetation

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a process that causes coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Accretion

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Corrosion

Question 18

Besides wave energy and rock type, which of these factors can affect the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Cliff height

Accepted Answer

Tidal range

Question 19

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Rainfall patterns

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Beach sediment size

Answer

Tidal range

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a process of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Deposition

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Abrasion

Question 21

What is the term for the gently sloping land along a coastline that extends from the high-water mark to the low-water mark?

Accepted Answer

Beach

Answer

Sea cliff

Answer

Salt marsh

Question 22

Which of the following is not a type of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Corrosion

Answer

Wave erosion

Answer

Attrition

Answer

Biological erosion

Question 23

Which coastal process involves the erosion of a cliff due to the force of waves crashing against it?

Accepted Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Attrition

Answer

Corrosion

Question 24

Which coastal management strategy aims to restore the natural functioning of coastal ecosystems by recreating their natural habitats and processes?

Accepted Answer

Soft engineering

Answer

Hard engineering

Answer

Managed retreat

Answer

Sustainability

Question 25

Which type of wave has a long wavelength, is relatively low in height, and can travel great distances across the ocean?

Accepted Answer

Swell waves

Answer

Capillary waves

Answer

Breaking waves

Answer

Tsunamis

Question 26

Which of these coastal landforms is NOT formed primarily by deposition?

Accepted Answer

Sea cliff

Answer

Beach

Answer

Spit

Answer

Tombolo

Question 27

Why is international cooperation crucial in managing coastal erosion that affects multiple countries, like sediment movement and pollution?

Accepted Answer

International collaboration is vital for coordinating sediment management and pollution control across borders to reduce coastal erosion.

Answer

Coastal erosion can be effectively managed within national boundaries without international cooperation.

Answer

International cooperation is only needed for large-scale coastal erosion events, like tsunamis and hurricanes.

Answer

Coastal erosion is mainly a local issue, and international cooperation is not necessary for effective management.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a major factor influencing coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Deforestation

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Beach slope

Answer

Sea level rise

Question 29

What is longshore drift?

Accepted Answer

The movement of sediment parallel to the coastline due to waves

Answer

The movement of sediment perpendicular to the coastline due to tides

Answer

The erosion of a coastal cliff

Answer

The deposition of sediment at a river mouth

Question 30

Which type of coastal landform is created by the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river?

Accepted Answer

Delta

Answer

Spit

Answer

Bar

Answer

Tombolo

Question 31

What is the primary purpose of a groyne?

Accepted Answer

To reduce coastal erosion by trapping sediment

Answer

To increase coastal erosion by reflecting waves

Answer

To create a new beach or extend an existing one

Answer

To protect a harbor from strong winds

Question 32

What is the key difference between a headland and a bay?

Accepted Answer

A headland is a projecting piece of land, while a bay is a recess in the coastline

Answer

A bay is a projecting piece of land, while a headland is a recess in the coastline

Answer

A headland is a high-lying area, while a bay is a low-lying area

Answer

A bay is a high-lying area, while a headland is a low-lying area

Question 33

What is the primary agent responsible for longshore drift?

Accepted Answer

Waves approaching the coastline at an angle

Answer

Tides rising and falling

Answer

Wind blowing parallel to the coastline

Answer

Currents flowing perpendicular to the coastline

Question 34

What is the main function of a sea wall?

Accepted Answer

To prevent or reduce erosion of the coastline

Answer

To create a new beach

Answer

To provide flood protection

Answer

To enhance the scenic beauty of the area

Question 35

Which of the following coastal management practices is considered sustainable?

Accepted Answer

Restoring natural habitats to buffer against erosion

Answer

Building sea walls without environmental impact assessment

Answer

Allowing unrestricted development in coastal areas

Answer

Dredging estuaries to create new land

Question 36

What is the term for the process where large blocks of ice break off from a glacier and fall into the sea?

Accepted Answer

Calving

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Deposition

Answer

Longshore drift

Question 37

Which process does NOT contribute to coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Deposition

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Weathering

Answer

Sediment transport

Question 38

Which coastal landform is created by erosion?

Accepted Answer

Cliff

Answer

Beach

Answer

Sand dune

Answer

Spit

Question 39

Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Rainfall

Answer

Rock type

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Sea level

Question 40

Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Wind speed

Answer

Wave energy

Answer

Tidal range

Answer

Sea level rise

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a type of coastal erosion process?

Accepted Answer

Corrosion

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Attrition

Question 42

What is the term for a depositional landform that forms a ridge or bar parallel to the coastline, often connecting a smaller island to the mainland?

Accepted Answer

Tombolo

Answer

Spit

Answer

Bar

Answer

Beach

Question 43

What is a 'managed retreat' approach to coastal management?

Accepted Answer

Relocating infrastructure and communities away from vulnerable areas

Answer

Building seawalls and other hard defences

Answer

Encouraging natural processes to adapt to changing coastlines

Answer

Reducing pollution in coastal waters

Question 44

What is the term for the process by which sediment is transported along a coastline by waves and currents?

Accepted Answer

Longshore drift

Answer

Cross-shore transport

Answer

Beach nourishment

Answer

Accretion

Question 45

What is the name of the instrument used to measure wave height and direction?

Accepted Answer

Wave rider buoy

Answer

Tide gauge

Answer

Anemometer

Answer

Sonar

Question 46

Which of the following is a characteristic of a destructive wave?

Accepted Answer

Short wavelength and high wave height

Answer

Long wavelength and low wave height

Answer

Breaks gently on a sloping beach

Answer

Forms powerful rip currents

Question 47

Which coastal landform is typically formed by the accumulation of sediment transported by longshore drift?

Accepted Answer

Spit

Answer

Tombolo

Answer

Headland

Answer

Bay

Question 48

What is the term for a protective structure built along the coast to prevent erosion?

Accepted Answer

Seawall

Answer

Dune

Answer

Groin

Answer

Breakwater

Question 49

What is the process by which water erodes and transports sediment along the coast?

Accepted Answer

Longshore drift

Answer

Wave action

Answer

Tidal currents

Answer

Beach nourishment

Question 50

What is the primary cause of longshore drift?

Accepted Answer

Wave height and direction

Answer

Wave refraction

Answer

Tidal currents

Answer

Gravitational pull

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a major coastal landform?

Accepted Answer

Canyon

Answer

Beach

Answer

Headland

Answer

Dune

Question 52

What type of wave erosion creates a notch at the base of a cliff, undermining it and making it vulnerable to collapse?

Accepted Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Attrition

Answer

Corrasion

Question 53

Which of the following coastal management techniques involves adding sand to a beach to restore its natural profile and protect it from erosion?

Accepted Answer

Beach nourishment

Answer

Seawall

Answer

Groynes

Answer

Gabions

Question 54

What is the primary cause of longshore drift, the movement of sand and sediment along a coastline?

Accepted Answer

Waves

Answer

Tides

Answer

Wind

Answer

Gravity

Question 55

Which of the following is a type of coastal vegetation that plays a vital role in stabilizing dunes and preventing erosion?

Accepted Answer

Marram grass

Answer

Heather

Answer

Oak

Answer

Pine

Question 56

What is the purpose of a groyne, a structure built perpendicular to the coastline?

Accepted Answer

To trap sand and reduce erosion by interrupting longshore drift

Answer

To protect coastal structures from waves by dissipating their energy

Answer

To create new recreational areas by extending the beach

Answer

To control flooding by diverting water away from coastal areas

Question 57

Which coastal landform is created by wave erosion and has a steep, vertical face?

Accepted Answer

Cliff

Answer

Beach

Answer

Sand dune

Answer

Spit

Question 58

Which of the following is a human-induced process that contributes to coastal erosion?

Accepted Answer

Landfill construction

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Attrition

Question 59

Which coastal landform is characterized by a gently inclined surface extending from the shoreline into the sea?

Accepted Answer

Beach

Answer

Cliff

Answer

Headland

Answer

Spit

Question 60

What process involves the breakdown of coastal material by waves impacting the shoreline?

Accepted Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Hydraulic action

Answer

Attrition

Answer

Corrosion

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the development and form of coastal dunes?

Accepted Answer

Ocean currents

Answer

Wind strength and direction

Answer

Availability of sand

Answer

Vegetation growth

Question 62

What process leads to the deposition and accumulation of material on a coastline by waves?

Accepted Answer

Deposition

Answer

Erosion

Answer

Transportation

Answer

Accretion

Question 63

Which coastal management strategy aims to restore natural coastal processes and ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Soft engineering

Answer

Hard engineering

Answer

Managed retreat

Answer

Beach nourishment

Question 64

What is a potential benefit of constructing a seawall as a coastal protection measure?

Accepted Answer

Reduced erosion

Answer

Enhanced coastal access

Answer

Increased biodiversity

Answer

Lower maintenance costs