Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

At rest, what is the main determinant of cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Peripheral resistance

Question 2

Which training adaptations can lead to an increase in stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

A combination of options (a) and (c)

Answer

Interval training

Answer

Resistance training

Answer

Endurance training

Question 3

What is the significance of the cardiac output plateau that occurs during maximal exercise?

Accepted Answer

It is a protective physiological adaptation to prevent excessive heart strain

Answer

It signifies the heart's inability to meet the body's oxygen demands

Answer

It reflects poor cardiovascular fitness

Answer

It has no physiological significance

Question 4

Which factor does NOT contribute to the regulation of cardiac output during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Cardiovascular reflexes

Answer

Hormonal responses

Question 5

Which division of the nervous system primarily regulates heart rate during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Question 6

Which of the following factors does NOT influence cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Arterial blood pressure

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Peripheral vascular resistance

Question 7

During physical activity, which blood vessels undergo dilation to enhance blood flow to active muscles?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Vasoconstriction

Question 8

Excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system during exercise may lead to:

Accepted Answer

Arrhythmias

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Reduced oxygen consumption

Answer

Enhanced exercise capacity

Question 9

What is the primary mechanism by which heart rate increases at the start of exercise?

Accepted Answer

Elevated sympathetic activity

Answer

Increased parasympathetic activity

Answer

Enhanced venous return

Answer

Baroreflex response

Question 10

Which hormone plays a significant role in the cardiovascular responses to exercise?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Question 11

Explain the difference between stroke volume and end-systolic volume.

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from the heart, while end-systolic volume is the remaining volume in the heart after ejection.

Answer

End-systolic volume is the volume of blood ejected from the heart, while stroke volume is the remaining volume in the heart after ejection.

Answer

Stroke volume and end-systolic volume are the same.

Answer

End-systolic volume is always greater than stroke volume.

Question 12

Which factor does NOT increase heart rate during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased parasympathetic nervous system activation

Answer

Increased sympathetic nervous system activation

Answer

Increased blood flow to the heart

Answer

Increased body temperature

Question 13

What is the term for the volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Ejection fraction

Question 14

What is the Frank-Starling mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The increase in stroke volume in response to increased end-diastolic volume

Answer

The inverse relationship between heart rate and stroke volume

Answer

The decrease in cardiac output in response to increased afterload

Answer

The increase in heart rate in response to increased sympathetic nervous system activation

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a cardiovascular adaptation to chronic exercise training?

Accepted Answer

Increased resting heart rate

Answer

Increased capillary density

Answer

Increased heart size

Answer

Increased blood volume

Question 16

Which of the following is a measure of the force exerted by the ventricles during contraction?

Accepted Answer

Afterload

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Preload

Question 17

What is the primary function of the baroreflex?

Accepted Answer

To regulate blood pressure

Answer

To regulate heart rate

Answer

To regulate stroke volume

Answer

To regulate cardiac output

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a response of the cardiovascular system to exercise?

Accepted Answer

Decreased cardiac output

Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Increased stroke volume

Answer

Increased blood pressure

Question 19

What is the volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Ejection fraction

Question 20

Describe the relationship between heart rate and stroke volume during maximal exercise.

Accepted Answer

Both heart rate and stroke volume increase

Answer

Heart rate increases while stroke volume decreases

Answer

Heart rate decreases while stroke volume increases

Answer

Both heart rate and stroke volume decrease

Question 21

What is a benefit of increased cardiac output during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased oxygen delivery to muscles

Answer

Reduced blood pressure

Answer

Slower heart rate

Answer

Decreased stroke volume

Question 22

What is the role of the Frank-Starling mechanism in the cardiovascular response to exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increases stroke volume

Answer

Increases heart rate

Answer

Decreases blood pressure

Answer

Dilates blood vessels

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Preload

Answer

Afterload

Answer

Contractility

Question 24

What is the usual resting heart rate for a healthy 17-year-old?

Accepted Answer

60-70 bpm

Answer

50-60 bpm

Answer

70-80 bpm

Answer

80-90 bpm

Question 25

Which term describes the volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Ejection fraction

Question 26

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate and stroke volume during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Question 27

What physiological mechanism causes blood vessels to dilate during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Release of nitric oxide

Answer

Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Increase in blood pressure

Question 28

What is the name of the neural pathway that signals the brain to increase heart rate and stroke volume during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Vagus nerve

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 29

What is the term used to describe the maximum volume of blood that can be pumped by the heart per minute?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Maximal oxygen uptake

Question 30

What is the term used to describe the physiological adaptations that occur in the heart in response to regular cardiovascular exercise?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac hypertrophy

Answer

Cardiac atrophy

Answer

Cardiac dilation

Answer

Cardiac ischemia

Question 31

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for increasing heart rate during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 32

What is the term used to describe the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Blood pressure

Question 33

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

CO = HR x SV

Answer

CO = HR + SV

Answer

CO = SV + HR

Answer

CO = HR / SV

Question 34

Which of the following hormones is released during exercise and contributes to increased cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 35

What is the term used to describe the graphical representation of the relationship between heart rate and cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Wiggers diagram

Answer

Frank-Starling law

Answer

Fick principle

Answer

Bainbridge reflex

Question 36

What is the primary physiological mechanism responsible for increasing heart rate during physical exercise?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity

Answer

Elevated parasympathetic nervous system activity

Answer

Increased peripheral vascular resistance

Answer

Reduced blood volume

Question 37

Which of the following terms refers to the volume of blood expelled from the heart during each contraction?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Cardiac output

Question 38

Which physiological factor is directly responsible for increasing stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Increased preload

Answer

Elevated heart rate

Answer

Increased afterload

Answer

Enhanced contractility

Question 39

How does cardiac output typically change in relation to exercise intensity?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output increases linearly with increasing exercise intensity

Answer

Cardiac output remains constant regardless of exercise intensity

Answer

Cardiac output decreases with exercise intensity

Question 40

Regular exercise training is associated with various cardiovascular adaptations. Which of the following is a key physiological adaptation to exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary density

Answer

Reduced cardiac output

Answer

Elevated blood pressure

Question 41

In the context of cardiovascular responses to exercise, what is the primary role of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To increase heart rate and blood pressure

Answer

To decrease heart rate and blood pressure

Answer

To increase stroke volume

Answer

To decrease cardiac output

Question 42

What is a significant health benefit associated with regular physical exercise for the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Reduced likelihood of cardiovascular disease

Answer

Increased risk of type 2 diabetes

Answer

Reduced muscle mass

Answer

Decreased bone density

Question 43

Which physiological parameter represents the maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

VO2 max

Answer

Aerobic threshold

Answer

Maximal heart rate

Answer

Lactate threshold

Question 44

Which factor has the potential to impair cardiac output during physical exercise?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Optimal ventilation

Answer

Increased core temperature

Answer

Elevated blood glucose levels

Question 45

What is the primary function of the Frank-Starling mechanism?

Accepted Answer

To regulate stroke volume according to changes in preload

Answer

To regulate heart rate based on changes in blood pressure

Answer

To regulate cardiac output based on changes in afterload