Socialisation and Deviance: Explore the Impact on Individual Behaviour

Question 1

Which of these is NOT a primary agent of socialisation?

Accepted Answer

Government

Answer

Family

Answer

School

Answer

Peer group

Question 2

In labelling theory, what factor primarily determines if a person's behaviour is labelled as deviant?

Accepted Answer

Societal norms and expectations

Answer

Their biological makeup

Answer

Their psychological traits

Answer

Their economic circumstances

Question 3

According to symbolic interactionism, how does the self develop?

Accepted Answer

Through interactions, individuals learn social norms and expectations, shaping their self-concept.

Answer

The self is primarily determined by biology and genetics.

Answer

The self develops through predetermined stages.

Answer

The self is unchanging throughout life.

Question 4

Which factor is central to Merton's strain theory in explaining anomie?

Accepted Answer

Cultural goals being out of reach for most people

Answer

Society promoting unattainable goals

Answer

Social norms being constantly changing

Answer

Deviance being mainly caused by individual traits

Question 5

According to Durkheim's theory of anomie, which situation increases the likelihood of deviance?

Accepted Answer

A lack of social integration and regulation

Answer

Strong social norms and clear expectations

Answer

Widely accessible opportunities for success

Answer

High levels of social cohesion and solidarity

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a primary agent of socialisation?

Accepted Answer

Workplace

Answer

Family

Answer

School

Answer

Peer groups

Question 7

According to George Herbert Mead, the self develops through a process called:

Accepted Answer

Role-taking

Answer

Social comparison

Answer

Reinforcement

Answer

Maturation

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a primary agent of socialisation?

Accepted Answer

Mass Media

Answer

Family

Answer

Peers

Answer

Educational Institutions

Question 9

In the interactionist perspective, what plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Social interactions

Answer

Genetic makeup

Answer

Family history

Answer

Cultural values

Question 10

According to George Herbert Mead's theory, how do individuals develop a sense of self?

Accepted Answer

Interacting with and imitating others

Answer

Following instructions from adults

Answer

Thinking about their own thoughts

Answer

Inheriting traits from their parents

Question 11

Which of the following is a key feature of secondary socialisation?

Accepted Answer

It reinforces or modifies values and beliefs acquired during primary socialisation.

Answer

It takes place during childhood.

Answer

It is unplanned and informal.

Answer

It is the sole form of socialisation experienced by individuals.

Question 12

How does the education system contribute to social conflict in society?

Accepted Answer

Reinforces social inequalities and biases

Answer

Provides a platform for open dialogue

Answer

Promotes social cohesion

Answer

Has no significant influence on social conflict

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a primary agent of socialisation?

Accepted Answer

Government

Answer

Family

Answer

School

Answer

Peer groups

Question 14

Which subculture is known for rejecting societal norms and emphasizing personal expression?

Accepted Answer

Punk

Answer

Mod

Answer

Hippie

Answer

Grunge

Question 15

What is the fundamental concept in Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association?

Accepted Answer

Social learning

Answer

Labelling

Answer

Social control

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of role socialisation?

Accepted Answer

Being flexible and adaptable in different social roles.

Answer

Learning the expectations and appropriate behaviours associated with a specific social role.

Answer

Developing a sense of one's own identity and self-concept based on social roles.

Answer

Internalising the values, beliefs, and norms associated with a particular social role.

Question 17

In the social construct perspective, what is considered deviant behavior is primarily determined by:

Accepted Answer

Societal norms and expectations

Answer

Individual personality traits

Answer

Universal moral principles

Answer

Mental health conditions

Question 18

Which sociological perspective suggests that deviance arises from social inequality, where individuals are compelled to engage in deviant behavior due to limited opportunities?

Accepted Answer

Conflict perspective

Answer

Interactionist perspective

Answer

Functionalist perspective

Answer

Symbolic interactionist perspective

Question 19

In labelling theory, how does society contribute to individual deviance?

Accepted Answer

Society labels certain behaviours as deviant, creating the concept of deviance.

Answer

Biological factors determine deviant behaviour.

Answer

Economic disparities are the root cause of deviance.

Answer

Deviance is an inherent and unavoidable aspect of human nature.

Question 20

In the context of socialisation, how does the concept of labelling contribute to our understanding of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Labelling is the process of categorising individuals as deviant based on their behaviour, traits, or characteristics.

Answer

Labelling is a form of social control used to punish or correct deviant behaviour.

Answer

Labelling is a method through which individuals learn about societal norms and values.

Question 21

In labelling theory, how does society typically respond to individuals who exhibit deviant behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Society assigns labels to individuals based on their behaviour, influencing its response towards them.

Answer

Society overlooks deviant behaviour, prioritizing more severe offences.

Answer

Society establishes laws and regulations to deter deviant behaviour.

Answer

Society remains indifferent to deviant behaviour.

Question 22

In the study of deviance, how do crime statistics contribute to our understanding of patterns and trends in deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Crime statistics enable researchers to monitor changes in deviant behavior patterns over time.

Answer

Crime statistics provide an accurate measure of the extent of deviant behavior in society.

Answer

Crime statistics are solely based on the actual number of crimes committed, unaffected by social or cultural factors.

Answer

Crime statistics can directly identify the root causes of deviance and guide effective prevention strategies.

Question 23

In labelling theory, deviance is primarily attributed to:

Accepted Answer

Social labelling and reactions

Answer

Cultural norms and values

Answer

Biological and psychological traits

Answer

Economic disparities and class divisions

Question 24

In the functionalist perspective, which institution is seen as the most influential in shaping individuals during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Family

Answer

School

Answer

Peer group

Question 25

Which assumption is NOT typically associated with social learning theory?

Accepted Answer

Behavior is solely determined by genetics and biology.

Answer

Behavior is shaped through observation and imitation.

Answer

Individuals use cognitive processes to interpret social interactions.

Answer

Reinforcement and punishment influence behavior.

Question 26

According to Labelling Theory, what is the primary factor influencing an individual's involvement in deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

The individual's reaction to being labeled as deviant

Answer

The individual's inherent traits and genetic predisposition

Answer

The individual's socioeconomic background and circumstances

Question 27

In George Herbert Mead's theory, the self develops through:

Accepted Answer

Social interactions

Answer

Self-reflection

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Religious beliefs

Question 28

Postmodern perspectives on deviance view social categories and norms as:

Accepted Answer

Fluid and subject to change and negotiation

Answer

Fixed and unchanging

Answer

Objectively defined and universally accepted

Answer

Strictly enforced through clear social sanctions

Question 29

Which key characteristic distinguishes social exclusion as a form of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Isolation from mainstream social activities

Answer

Acceptance by deviant subcultures

Answer

Conformity to societal norms

Answer

Engagement in criminal behaviour

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary agent of socialisation?

Accepted Answer

Government

Answer

Family

Answer

School

Answer

Peer groups

Question 31

According to labeling theory, which process plays a key role in perpetuating deviant behavior by emphasizing the impact of societal reactions?

Accepted Answer

Secondary deviance

Answer

Primary socialization

Answer

Anomie

Question 32

Which theory of deviance focuses on the importance of social control and punishment in upholding social order?

Accepted Answer

Control theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Interactionism

Question 33

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the influence of labelling in shaping an individual's deviant identity?

Accepted Answer

Interactionist perspective

Answer

Functionalist perspective

Answer

Marxist perspective

Answer

Feminist perspective

Question 34

Which theory suggests that deviance results from the unequal distribution of wealth and power in society?

Accepted Answer

Marxism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Interactionism

Answer

Feminism

Question 35

Critical race theory on deviance suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Socialisation for ethnic and racial minorities often occurs in segregated communities, shaping their views on deviance.

Answer

Race and ethnicity do not influence socialisation or labelling.

Answer

Ethnic and racial minorities are more likely to engage in deviant behaviour due to their cultural values.

Answer

Labelling processes are applied equally to all individuals, regardless of race or ethnicity.

Question 36

How has globalisation influenced the transmission of values and beliefs across different cultures in the context of socialisation?

Accepted Answer

Globalisation has increased interactions between people from different cultures, fostering tolerance and understanding.

Accepted Answer

Globalisation has allowed transnational corporations to spread their values and beliefs, potentially shaping individuals' identities and behaviours.

Answer

Globalisation has made values and beliefs more uniform, reducing cultural diversity.

Answer

Globalisation has weakened the role of traditional socialisation agents like family and community.

Question 37

How does the concept of subculture challenge conventional notions of deviance?

Accepted Answer

It suggests that deviance is socially constructed and varies according to context and group norms.

Answer

It implies that deviant behavior is inherently harmful and warrants punishment.

Answer

It posits that deviant behavior stems from psychological disorders and mental illness.

Answer

It argues that deviance serves as a form of social control, maintaining societal order.

Question 38

How do values, norms, and beliefs influence the socialisation process and the concept of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Values, norms, and beliefs guide socialisation, shaping individuals' understanding of acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.

Answer

Socialisation solely determines values, norms, and beliefs, with no influence on deviance.

Answer

Values, norms, and beliefs shape socialisation but have no direct impact on deviance, which is solely genetic.

Answer

Socialisation is unrelated to values, norms, and beliefs, which are innate and unaffected by external factors.

Question 39

How does socialisation influence the development of social norms and values?

Accepted Answer

Socialisation teaches individuals the values and norms of their culture, shaping their understanding of the world and guiding their behaviour.

Answer

Social norms and values are independent of socialisation and are formed solely through social interaction.

Answer

Socialisation only occurs in childhood and has no effect on adult behaviour.

Answer

Social norms and values are inherent and not acquired through socialisation.

Question 40

According to Sigmund Freud, what stage of psychosexual development is characterized by a child's intense attachment to their primary caregiver, typically the mother?

Accepted Answer

Oral

Answer

Anal

Answer

Phallic

Answer

Latent

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of a positive sanction?

Accepted Answer

Praise

Answer

Fines

Answer

Imprisonment

Answer

Public shaming

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT considered an agent of socialization?

Accepted Answer

Pets

Answer

Family

Answer

School

Answer

Peer group

Question 43

According to the labelling theory of deviance, deviance is primarily defined by:

Accepted Answer

Social reactions

Answer

Biological factors

Answer

Moral principles

Answer

Legal statutes

Question 44

Which stage of the socialization process primarily involves the development of self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Primary

Answer

Secondary

Answer

Anticipatory

Answer

Resocialization

Question 45

The primary purpose of socialization is to:

Accepted Answer

Maintain social order

Answer

Promote individualism

Answer

Prevent social conflict

Answer

Ensure economic equality

Question 46

According to symbolic interactionism, the self is primarily:

Accepted Answer

A product of social interactions

Answer

An unchanging biological entity

Answer

A result of unconscious desires

Answer

A combination of innate and learned traits

Question 47

Analyse the unique contributions of peer groups as secondary agents of socialisation. Explain how they influence the socialisation process and provide examples to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

Peer groups provide a context for individuals to learn and reinforce social norms and values through interactions with their peers.

Answer

Peer groups only have a significant impact on an individual's behaviour during childhood and adolescence.

Answer

Peer groups have no significant impact on an individual's beliefs and behaviours.

Question 48

In a multicultural society, what are the potential challenges and opportunities presented by the process of socialisation?

Accepted Answer

Increased cultural diversity can make it harder to pass on shared values and norms.

Accepted Answer

Multiculturalism can encourage tolerance and understanding of different viewpoints.

Answer

Socialisation in multicultural societies is always peaceful and without conflict.

Answer

The process of socialisation is the same in all multicultural societies.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT an agent of socialisation?

Accepted Answer

Personality

Answer

Family

Answer

School

Answer

Peers

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of secondary socialisation?

Accepted Answer

It is more informal than primary socialisation

Answer

It takes place in specific institutional settings

Answer

It involves learning new roles and identities

Answer

It is more structured than primary socialisation

Question 51

The process of replacing old values and beliefs with new ones is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Resocialisation

Answer

Socialisation

Answer

Enculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of positive deviance?

Accepted Answer

Whistleblowing

Answer

Vandalism

Answer

Murder

Answer

Drug use

Question 53

According to labelling theory, how does society's negative labelling of individuals affect their behaviour?

Accepted Answer

It increases their likelihood of engaging in deviant behaviour

Answer

It encourages them to conform to social norms

Answer

It helps them to integrate into society

Answer

It has no significant impact

Question 54

Which theorist is associated with the concept of 'moral panic'?

Accepted Answer

Stanley Cohen

Answer

Emile Durkheim

Answer

Robert Merton

Answer

Howard Becker

Question 55

Which of the following is **not** an agent of socialization?

Accepted Answer

Biology

Answer

Family

Answer

Peers

Answer

Media

Question 56

What is the process by which individuals internalize the values and norms of their society called?

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Enculturation

Answer

Conformity

Question 57

According to symbolic interactionism, socialization is primarily achieved through:

Accepted Answer

Role-taking

Answer

Imitation

Answer

Sanctions

Answer

Reinforcement

Question 58

What is the term for when individuals adopt the values and norms of a group they are **not** formally a part of?

Accepted Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Integration

Answer

Socialization

Question 59

Which of the following is **not** a type of deviant behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Crime

Answer

Mental illness

Answer

Nonconformity

Question 60

According to labelling theory, deviance is:

Accepted Answer

A label applied by others

Answer

A quality of an act

Answer

Inherent in certain individuals

Answer

Defined by law

Question 61

How does the media contribute to the socialisation of individuals into gender roles?

Accepted Answer

The media mainly reinforces traditional gender stereotypes.

Answer

The media encourages individuals to challenge traditional gender roles.

Answer

The media has little impact on the socialisation of gender roles.

Answer

The media exclusively promotes progressive gender roles.

Question 62

How does childhood socialisation shape an individual's behaviour and well-being over their lifetime?

Accepted Answer

Childhood socialisation instills values, beliefs, and behaviours that shape an individual's behaviour and well-being throughout their life.

Answer

Childhood socialisation solely determines an individual's success or failure in life.

Answer

Childhood socialisation primarily ensures conformity and stability in society.

Answer

Childhood socialisation has no lasting impact on individuals.

Question 63

How does socialisation contribute to the persistence of social inequalities and the maintenance of societal hierarchies?

Accepted Answer

Socialisation reinforces social inequalities by transmitting cultural norms that support existing hierarchies.

Answer

Socialisation encourages individuals to challenge social inequalities.

Answer

Socialisation processes ensure equal opportunities for social mobility.

Answer

Socialisation has no impact on the maintenance of societal hierarchies.

Question 64

How does socialisation contribute to the development of a shared social identity within a society?

Accepted Answer

Socialisation promotes the internalisation of shared social norms and values, leading to a collective sense of identity.

Answer

Socialisation enforces conformity to societal norms, ensuring a uniform social identity.

Answer

Socialisation eliminates individual differences, fostering a homogeneous social identity.

Answer

Socialisation is a passive process, where individuals solely receive and adhere to societal expectations.