Atomic Structure: Delve into the Building Blocks of Matter

Question 1

Identify the component that is NOT present within the atomic nucleus:

Accepted Answer

Electrons

Answer

Protons

Answer

Neutrons

Answer

Quarks

Question 2

Determine the accurate electron configuration for nitrogen (atomic number 7):

Accepted Answer

1s²2s²2p³

Answer

1s²2s³2p²

Answer

1s²2s²3p³

Answer

1s²2s²3p²

Question 3

Indicate the shape associated with a p-orbital:

Accepted Answer

Dumbbell

Answer

Spherical

Answer

Triangular

Answer

Tetrahedral

Question 4

Identify the particle responsible for mediating the strong nuclear force:

Accepted Answer

Gluon

Answer

Photon

Answer

Electron

Answer

Neutrino

Question 5

Name the model that represents the atom as a nucleus encircled by a cloud of electrons:

Accepted Answer

Electron cloud model

Answer

Bohr model

Answer

Rutherford model

Answer

Quantum mechanical model

Question 6

Who is credited with the discovery of the electron?

Accepted Answer

J.J. Thomson

Answer

Ernest Rutherford

Answer

Niels Bohr

Answer

James Chadwick

Question 7

What is the term for the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Mass number

Answer

Atomic number

Answer

Isotope number

Answer

Neutron number

Question 8

What is the lowest energy level that an electron can occupy in an atom?

Accepted Answer

n=1

Answer

n=2

Answer

n=3

Answer

n=4

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental constituent of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Photon

Answer

Proton

Answer

Electron

Answer

Neutron

Question 10

The number of protons in an atom defines its:

Accepted Answer

Atomic number

Answer

Atomic mass

Answer

Electron configuration

Answer

Neutron number

Question 11

The shape of an s-orbital is:

Accepted Answer

Spherical

Answer

Dumbbell

Answer

Teardrop

Answer

Cloverleaf

Question 12

Among the following elements, which has the highest first ionization energy?

Accepted Answer

Lithium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Rubidium

Question 13

The Aufbau principle describes that:

Accepted Answer

Electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first.

Answer

Electrons occupy orbitals in order of increasing energy.

Answer

Electrons are paired with opposite spins.

Answer

The maximum number of electrons in an orbital is two.

Question 14

An atom's nucleus is:

Accepted Answer

Positively charged and compact.

Answer

Positively charged and spread out.

Answer

Negatively charged and compact.

Answer

Negatively charged and spread out.

Question 15

Which subatomic particle possesses the greatest mass?

Accepted Answer

Neutron

Answer

Proton

Answer

Electron

Answer

Alpha particle

Question 16

The periodic table is organized based on:

Accepted Answer

Atomic number

Answer

Atomic mass

Answer

Electron configuration

Answer

Reactivity

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle?

Accepted Answer

Photon

Answer

Electron

Answer

Proton

Answer

Neutron

Question 18

The number of protons in an atom determines its:

Accepted Answer

Identity

Answer

Mass

Answer

Reactivity

Answer

Electron configuration

Question 19

What does the Pauli exclusion principle state?

Accepted Answer

No two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers.

Answer

The maximum number of electrons in an orbital is two.

Answer

Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.

Answer

Electrons occupy orbitals in pairs with the same spin.

Question 20

As the atomic radius increases, what happens to the ionization energy?

Accepted Answer

It decreases

Answer

It increases

Answer

It remains the same

Answer

It becomes negative

Question 21

Which of the following elements is a noble gas?

Accepted Answer

Helium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Chlorine

Answer

Potassium

Question 22

Which quantum number specifies the orientation of an atomic orbital in space?

Accepted Answer

m

Answer

n

Answer

l

Answer

s

Question 23

What is the charge of a single electron?

Accepted Answer

-1e

Answer

+1e

Answer

+2e

Answer

-2e

Question 24

Which of the following electron configurations represents a ground state atom?

Accepted Answer

1s22s22p6

Answer

1s22s22p5

Answer

1s22s23p4

Answer

1s22s1

Question 25

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an f orbital?

Accepted Answer

8

Answer

2

Answer

4

Answer

6

Question 26

What is the nuclear symbol for the isotope of fluorine with 10 neutrons?

Accepted Answer

18F

Answer

19F

Answer

20F

Answer

21F

Question 27

What is the atomic mass of an atom with 12 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons?

Accepted Answer

24

Answer

12

Answer

34

Answer

46

Question 28

What is the main difference between covalent and ionic bonding?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Answer

Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Answer

Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.

Answer

Ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds.

Question 29

How do valence electrons influence an element's chemical reactivity? Explain how this relationship is evident in the periodic table.

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons determine the number of chemical bonds an element can form, affecting its reactivity.

Answer

Valence electrons have no impact on an element's reactivity.

Answer

Valence electrons primarily affect an element's physical properties, not its reactivity.

Answer

The periodic table does not show trends in valence electrons, as elements are arranged by atomic mass.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a feature of Rutherford's atomic model?

Accepted Answer

Electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed paths

Answer

A small, dense nucleus

Answer

Most of the atom's volume is empty space

Question 31

The nucleus of an atom contains:

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons

Answer

Electrons only

Answer

Neutrons alone

Answer

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 32

The quantum number that describes the energy of an electron is:

Accepted Answer

n

Answer

s

Answer

m

Answer

l

Question 33

The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that:

Accepted Answer

No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers.

Answer

The energy of an electron is inversely proportional to its distance from the nucleus.

Answer

Electrons are always found in pairs.

Answer

Electrons can occupy any energy level.

Question 34

The Hund's rule states that:

Accepted Answer

When filling orbitals, electrons will occupy the maximum number of degenerate orbitals with their spins parallel.

Answer

The energy of an electron is independent of its spin.

Answer

Electrons will always pair up in orbitals before occupying single orbitals.

Answer

Electrons will fill orbitals in order of increasing energy, regardless of their spin.

Question 35

Which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

Cesium

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Fluorine

Question 36

The radius of an atom generally:

Accepted Answer

Increases down a group and decreases across a period

Answer

Decreases down a group and decreases across a period

Answer

Increases down a group and increases across a period

Answer

Decreases down a group and increases across a period

Question 37

Isotopes of an element have:

Accepted Answer

Same atomic number but different neutron numbers

Answer

Same neutron number but different atomic numbers

Answer

Different numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons

Answer

Same number of protons and electrons but different neutron numbers

Question 38

Which subatomic particle carries a positive charge and is located in the nucleus of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Answer

Electron

Answer

Neutron

Answer

Photon

Question 39

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a p orbital?

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

10

Answer

8

Answer

2

Question 40

Which of the following correctly represents the electron configuration of nitrogen (atomic number 7)?

Accepted Answer

1s²2s²2p³

Answer

1s²2s²2p⁴

Answer

1s²2s¹2p⁶

Question 41

Which of the following statements accurately describes the shape of an s orbital?

Accepted Answer

Spherical

Answer

Dumbbell shaped

Answer

Cloverleaf shaped

Answer

Linear

Question 42

An atom of potassium (K) has 19 electrons. How many electrons are present in its outermost shell?

Accepted Answer

1

Answer

8

Answer

2

Answer

7

Question 43

The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of:

Accepted Answer

Protons

Answer

Neutrons

Answer

Nucleons

Answer

Electrons

Question 44

Which of the following statements about isotopes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Answer

Isotopes have the same number of electrons but different numbers of protons.

Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons and neutrons.

Question 45

What is the difference between the ground state and an excited state of an atom?

Accepted Answer

In the ground state, electrons occupy the lowest energy levels, while in an excited state, electrons are in higher energy levels.

Answer

An excited state is more stable than the ground state.

Question 46

The principle quantum number (n) describes which property of an electron?

Accepted Answer

Energy level

Answer

Angular momentum

Answer

Shape of the orbital

Answer

Spin of the electron

Question 47

Which of the following correctly represents the number of orbitals in a d subshell?

Accepted Answer

5

Answer

1

Answer

3

Answer

7