Adulthood and Aging: Physical, Cognitive, and Social Changes

Question 1

Which characteristic defines Erikson's 'Generativity vs Stagnation' stage?

Accepted Answer

Concern for contributing to society

Answer

Focus on personal happiness

Answer

Feeling of emptiness and aimlessness

Answer

Developing close relationships

Question 2

In Erikson's psychosocial development theory, what is the central focus for adulthood and aging?

Accepted Answer

Achieving intimacy and generativity versus isolation and stagnation

Answer

Establishing identity and social role

Answer

Maintaining cognitive and physical abilities

Answer

Coping with retirement and role loss

Question 3

Which of the following physical changes typically occurs during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Decreased muscle mass

Answer

Increased bone density

Answer

Improved cardiovascular health

Answer

Heightened metabolism

Question 4

Which life event is typically associated with a significant life adjustment during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Retirement

Answer

Marriage

Answer

Starting a new job

Answer

Moving to a new house

Question 5

According to Erikson's theory, which psychosocial conflict is central to late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Integrity vs. Despair

Answer

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Answer

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 6

In Erikson's model of aging, the emphasis is on:

Accepted Answer

Acceptance

Answer

Adaptation

Answer

Exploration

Answer

Control

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of successful aging?

Accepted Answer

Achieving perfect health

Answer

Maintaining purpose and meaning

Answer

Managing stress effectively

Answer

Avoiding social isolation

Question 8

Which of the following refers to the ability to adapt to new situations and solve novel problems?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence

Answer

Crystallized intelligence

Answer

Processing speed

Answer

Working memory

Question 9

What is the term used to describe individuals providing care to both their aging parents and their own children?

Accepted Answer

Sandwich Generation

Answer

Caregiving Generation

Answer

Intergenerational Family

Answer

Multi-Care Generation

Question 10

Which theory of aging suggests that cells have a limited number of divisions?

Accepted Answer

Hayflick Limit Theory

Answer

Telomere Lengthening Theory

Answer

Disposable Soma Theory

Answer

Free Radical Theory

Question 11

Which research method is most suitable for studying the impact of social support on elderly well-being?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal study

Answer

Experimental study

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Meta-analysis

Question 12

What is the term used to describe the process of 'letting go' of roles and responsibilities in older age?

Accepted Answer

Disengagement theory

Answer

Activity theory

Answer

Continuity theory

Answer

Life-cycle theory

Question 13

Which of the following cognitive abilities typically declines with age?

Accepted Answer

Fluid Intelligence

Answer

Crystallised Intelligence

Answer

Episodic Memory

Answer

Procedural Memory

Question 14

Which of the following is a key physical change that typically occurs during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Reduced bone density

Answer

Increased muscle mass

Answer

Improved cardiovascular health

Answer

Enhanced immune function

Question 15

Which of the following is a common social change associated with adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Formation of new relationships

Answer

Increased social isolation

Answer

Reduced need for emotional support

Answer

Decline in social skills

Question 16

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that the key task of adulthood is to achieve:

Accepted Answer

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer

Integrity vs. Despair

Question 17

What is the process by which individuals adjust to the physical and cognitive changes of aging called?

Accepted Answer

Accommodation

Answer

Resilience

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Equilibrium

Question 18

Which of the following is a common cognitive change associated with normal aging?

Accepted Answer

Improved crystallized intelligence

Answer

Increased fluid intelligence

Answer

Enhanced working memory capacity

Answer

Heightened problem-solving abilities

Question 19

Which social challenge is common among older adults?

Accepted Answer

Ageism and discrimination

Answer

Improved social support systems

Answer

Increased opportunities for career advancement

Answer

Enhanced financial security

Question 20

Which aspect of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is particularly relevant during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Generativity vs. stagnation

Answer

Identity vs. role confusion

Answer

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Answer

Intimacy vs. isolation

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a potential negative consequence of retirement for older adults?

Accepted Answer

Improved physical health

Answer

Reduced social support

Answer

Financial difficulties

Answer

Loss of purpose

Question 22

According to the concept of gerotranscendence, older adults may experience:

Accepted Answer

A sense of cosmic connectedness and transcendence

Answer

A decline in spiritual well-being

Answer

Increased self-absorption and isolation

Answer

Complete loss of memory and cognitive abilities

Question 23

Prejudice and discrimination against older people is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Ageism

Answer

Sexism

Answer

Racism

Answer

Xenophobia

Question 24

Which research method is most appropriate for investigating the changes in life satisfaction experienced by individuals as they retire?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal study

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Experimental study

Answer

Observational study

Question 25

Which of the following is a physical change associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

Decreased muscle mass

Answer

Increased bone density

Answer

Enhanced cardiovascular capacity

Answer

Improved eyesight

Question 26

Which theory proposes that cognitive decline in later adulthood is caused by a depletion of resources in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Resource Depletion Theory

Answer

Cognitive Reserve Theory

Answer

Crystallized Intelligence Theory

Answer

Fluid Intelligence Theory

Question 27

Which of the following is a potential social benefit of aging?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced social connections

Answer

Reduced support from family and friends

Answer

Loss of social status

Answer

Increased loneliness

Question 28

Retirement can have a significant impact on individuals. Which of the following is a potential opportunity associated with retirement?

Accepted Answer

Increased leisure time

Answer

Loss of purpose

Answer

Deteriorating health

Answer

Financial insecurity

Question 29

Which of the following strategies can contribute to cognitive well-being in later adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in mentally stimulating activities

Answer

Social isolation

Answer

Passive entertainment

Answer

Excessive screen time

Question 30

Which of the following factors can contribute to the risk of age-related diseases?

Accepted Answer

Unhealthy lifestyle choices

Answer

Genetics alone

Answer

Advancing age alone

Answer

Stressful life events inevitably

Question 31

Which of the following is a potential emotional benefit of aging?

Accepted Answer

Increased emotional resilience

Answer

Reduced empathy

Answer

Increased mood swings

Answer

Deteriorated emotional regulation

Question 32

Which of the following demographic trends has implications for the future planning of aging?

Accepted Answer

Rising proportion of older adults

Answer

Increased immigration

Answer

Rising unemployment rates

Answer

Increasing birth rates

Question 33

Which of the following is a **typical** physical change that occurs during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Decline in muscle mass

Answer

Enhanced visual acuity

Answer

Increased bone density

Answer

Improved cardiovascular health

Question 34

Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the role of social and cultural factors in shaping experiences of aging?

Accepted Answer

Social constructionism

Answer

Biological determinism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Piagetian theory

Question 35

Which of the following is a **potential** cognitive challenge associated with aging?

Accepted Answer

Decline in episodic memory

Answer

Increase in processing speed

Answer

Enhancement in semantic memory

Answer

Improvement in working memory

Question 36

According to the continuity theory, aging is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Gradual changes and stability over time

Answer

Dramatic shifts in behavior and personality

Answer

Complete reversal of childhood experiences

Answer

Rapid decline in physical and cognitive abilities

Question 37

Which of the following is a **key** factor that can influence the quality of life in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Health and well-being

Answer

Educational level alone

Answer

Number of children alone

Answer

Financial status alone

Question 38

Which of the following is a **recommended** strategy for promoting healthy aging?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Complete social isolation

Answer

Excessive use of alcohol

Answer

Smoking cigarettes