Cognitive Psychology Quizzes: Test Your Understanding

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the memory encoding process?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Sensory encoding

Answer

Working memory encoding

Answer

Long-term memory encoding

Question 2

How do problem-solving strategies change based on the area they're used in, like math, science, or social situations?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge and experience in a particular area greatly affect problem-solving strategies.

Answer

Problem-solving strategies stay the same no matter what the situation is.

Answer

Emotions like anxiety or motivation don't affect which problem-solving strategies are used.

Answer

Problem-solving strategies are only determined by genes.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a type of explicit memory?

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a primary stage in the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 5

Which stage is NOT part of the information-processing model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Elaboration

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Retrieval

Question 6

Which of the following is not a stage in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 7

Which component is not included in Baddeley and Hitch's working memory model?

Accepted Answer

Episodic buffer

Answer

Central executive

Answer

Phonological loop

Answer

Visuospatial sketchpad

Question 8

Which component is **not** part of the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 9

Which stage is absent from the information-processing model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Comprehension

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Retrieval

Question 10

Which of the following is not a type of memory commonly recognized in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Social memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Question 11

What is the definition of 'encoding' in the context of memory?

Accepted Answer

Converting information for storage in memory

Answer

Retrieving information from memory

Answer

Maintaining information in memory

Answer

Forgetting information from memory

Question 12

Which cognitive theory focuses on the use of mental representations to process information?

Accepted Answer

Information-processing Theory

Answer

Gestalt Theory

Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Behaviorism

Question 13

Identify the stage NOT included in the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model:

Accepted Answer

Procedural Memory

Answer

Sensory Register

Answer

Short-term Store

Answer

Long-term Store

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a feature of working memory?

Accepted Answer

Sensory encoding

Answer

Limited capacity

Answer

Temporary storage

Answer

Active manipulation

Question 15

Identify the component that is NOT a stage in Atkinson and Shiffrin's multi-store memory model:

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Question 18

Which component is excluded from the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Sensory register

Answer

Working memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 19

Which of the following is not a type of memory?

Accepted Answer

Metamemory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Declarative memory

Answer

Non-declarative memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Question 21

What is the best description of working memory capacity?

Accepted Answer

It's the limited amount of information we can actively use at any given time.

Answer

It can hold an unlimited amount of information at once.

Answer

It's the same for everyone, no matter the task.

Answer

It's only for storing long-term memories.

Question 22

What is a key characteristic of long-term memory in the multi-store model?

Accepted Answer

It has an unlimited capacity and stores information permanently.

Answer

It has a limited capacity and holds information for a short time.

Answer

It is the first stage of memory that processes visual information.

Answer

It is where information is initially encoded and stored before moving to long-term memory.

Question 23

Which of the following is the final stage of the memory process?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Question 24

Which stage is NOT included in Atkinson-Shiffrin's Memory Model?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 25

Which type of memory is considered a short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Declarative memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Question 27

Which type of memory is NOT included in Atkinson and Shiffrin's multi-store model?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 28

Which component is NOT included in Eriksen and St. James' (1986) attentional spotlight metaphor?

Accepted Answer

Unawareness of the general environment outside the focus of attention

Answer

Enhanced processing of attended stimuli

Answer

Concentration of attention on a specific stimulus

Answer

Spatial tuning, allowing attention to focus on specific locations

Question 29

What is selective attention, a key concept in cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Directing attention to specific stimuli while ignoring others

Answer

Focusing on multiple stimuli simultaneously and processing them

Answer

Prioritizing stimuli that are emotionally significant or personally relevant

Question 30

Which of the following is a key feature of working memory?

Accepted Answer

Temporary storage of information

Accepted Answer

Active manipulation of information

Answer

Permanent storage of information

Answer

Unlimited capacity

Question 31

The ability to actively maintain and manipulate information in our conscious awareness is a function of which memory system?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Implicit memory

Question 32

Which of the following is considered a top-down processing approach in perception?

Accepted Answer

Schema theory

Answer

Feature detection theory

Answer

Gestalt theory

Answer

Opponent process theory

Question 33

Which brain region is primarily responsible for speech production?

Accepted Answer

Broca's area

Answer

Wernicke's area

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 34

Which of the following is a problem-solving strategy that involves breaking down a problem into smaller, more manageable steps?

Accepted Answer

Means-end analysis

Answer

Trial and error

Answer

Insight

Answer

Algorithm

Question 35

The theory that memories are not stored in a static form but are reconstructed each time they are retrieved is known as:

Accepted Answer

Reconstruction theory

Answer

Trace decay theory

Answer

Encoding specificity principle

Answer

Forgetting curve theory

Question 36

Which of the following refers to the phenomenon of failing to perceive an object in plain sight due to attentional limitations?

Accepted Answer

Attentional blindness

Answer

Perceptual set

Answer

Change blindness

Answer

Illusion of motion

Question 37

Which memory system is responsible for storing long-term knowledge and experiences?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a key component of cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Motivation

Answer

Perception

Answer

Attention

Answer

Memory

Question 39

The process by which we select and focus our attention on a particular stimulus is called:

Accepted Answer

Selective attention

Answer

Divided attention

Answer

Inattention

Answer

Distraction

Question 40

Which theory of memory suggests that we retrieve memories through a series of cues?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval cue theory

Answer

Multi-store model

Answer

Schema theory

Answer

Working memory model

Question 41

The tendency to remember information that confirms our existing beliefs is commonly referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

False memory

Answer

Availability heuristic

Question 42

Which type of language is characterized by its use of grammatical rules and infinite combinations, enabling the expression of complex ideas?

Accepted Answer

Natural language

Answer

Artificial language

Answer

Symbolic language

Answer

Iconic language

Question 43

The ability to mentally rotate and transform visual information is known as:

Accepted Answer

Spatial reasoning

Answer

Deductive reasoning

Answer

Inductive reasoning

Answer

Critical thinking

Question 44

Which of the following is a well-known heuristic used to simplify decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Representativeness heuristic

Answer

Algorithm

Answer

Logic

Answer

Hypothesis testing

Question 45

The theory that suggests we store memories in a hierarchical fashion, with each level representing a different level of abstraction and detail, is called the:

Accepted Answer

Levels of processing model

Answer

Multi-store model

Answer

Connectionist model

Answer

Working memory model

Question 46

Which neuroimaging technique measures the brain's metabolic activity by detecting changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

PET

Answer

EEG

Answer

MEG

Question 47

The tendency to perceive objects as complete wholes rather than as a collection of individual parts is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Gestalt grouping

Answer

Depth perception

Answer

Motion perception

Answer

Object recognition

Question 48

The ability to focus on specific information while ignoring distractions is known as:

Accepted Answer

Selective attention

Answer

Divided attention

Answer

Sustained attention

Answer

Alternating attention

Question 49

Which theory of language acquisition suggests that humans have an innate ability to acquire language?

Accepted Answer

Nativist Theory

Answer

Empiricist Theory

Answer

Interactionist Theory

Answer

Cognitive Theory

Question 50

The ability to understand and produce language is primarily associated with which brain hemisphere?

Accepted Answer

Left hemisphere

Answer

Right hemisphere

Answer

Both hemispheres equally

Answer

Varies depending on handedness

Question 51

The process of transferring information from short-term to long-term memory is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Rehearsal

Question 52

Which of the following is a characteristic of implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

Effortless and automatic

Answer

Conscious and deliberate

Answer

Declarative and explicit

Answer

Short-term and temporary

Question 53

The theory that suggests that problem-solving involves searching through a mental representation of the problem space is known as:

Accepted Answer

Problem Space Theory

Answer

Gestalt Theory

Answer

Insight Theory

Answer

Cognitive Theory

Question 54

Which stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model is NOT characterized by temporary storage?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a stage of the memory process?

Accepted Answer

Decay

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Retrieval

Question 56

In perception, which of the following best describes bottom-up processing?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing sensory information from the environment first

Answer

Interpreting sensory information based on past experiences

Answer

Organizing sensory information into patterns

Answer

Making hypotheses based on sensory information

Question 57

Which characteristic is NOT associated with language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Involves explicit memorization of rules

Answer

Requires environmental exposure

Answer

Influenced by innate abilities

Answer

Typically occurs gradually over time

Question 58

Semantic memory stores factual knowledge and concepts not linked to personal experiences. Which of the following best exemplifies semantic memory?

Accepted Answer

Comprehending the concept of gravity and its effects

Answer

Recalling the specific moment you first met your childhood pet

Answer

Remembering the route you took during a road trip last summer

Question 59

Which stage of Atkinson-Shiffrin's memory model involves the temporary storage of sensory information?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Ultra-short-term memory

Answer

Short-term memory

Answer

Long-term memory

Question 60

According to Hebb's theory of neural plasticity, the strengthening of synaptic connections between two neurons is a result of:

Accepted Answer

Repeated co-activation

Answer

Increased firing rates

Answer

Synaptic pruning

Answer

Long-term potentiation

Question 61

Implicit memory, which involves unconscious retrieval of information, is exemplified by:

Accepted Answer

Riding a bicycle

Answer

Recalling a phone number

Answer

Remembering a historical event

Answer

Recognizing a familiar face

Question 62

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the Concrete Operational stage is characterized by the ability to:

Accepted Answer

Perform logical operations on concrete objects

Answer

Engage in abstract reasoning

Answer

Understand cause-and-effect relationships

Answer

Use language to represent thoughts

Question 63

The dual-coding theory suggests that mental representations of objects and events are stored in two distinct memory systems. Which type of information is primarily stored in the visual-spatial system?

Accepted Answer

Visual appearance

Answer

Semantic knowledge

Answer

Motor skills

Answer

Episodic memories

Question 64

Which option best describes sensory memory?

Accepted Answer

A temporary storage system for sensory information, with a very limited capacity

Answer

A long-term storage system for meaningful information

Answer

A working memory system that actively processes information

Answer

A system that encodes information into memory traces