Data Collection and Analysis in Psychology: Master the Methods

Question 1

Which method of data collection involves gathering structured quantitative data through questionnaires or online forms?

Accepted Answer

Survey

Answer

Interview

Answer

Observation

Answer

Experiment

Question 2

To determine the significant difference between the means of two groups, which statistical test would be appropriate?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

Question 3

When participants are aware of the study's hypothesis, which type of bias arises?

Accepted Answer

Participant bias

Answer

Sampling bias

Answer

Experimenter bias

Answer

Confounding variable bias

Question 4

Observational research can take various forms. Which of the following is NOT a type of observational research design?

Accepted Answer

Experimental study

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Longitudinal study

Answer

Case study

Question 5

Which data collection method allows for in-depth exploration of individual experiences and perspectives?

Accepted Answer

Interview

Answer

Survey

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Observation

Question 6

Which statistical measure quantifies the dispersion of data within a distribution?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 7

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a structured interview?

Accepted Answer

Uses closed-ended questions

Answer

Allows for flexibility in the order and wording of questions

Answer

Produces less reliable data compared to unstructured interviews

Answer

Requires less time to conduct compared to unstructured interviews

Question 8

When constructing a Likert scale, which element is most crucial to consider?

Accepted Answer

The wording of the response options

Answer

The number of response options provided

Answer

The order of the response options

Answer

The use of a neutral midpoint

Question 9

Which of the following is a measure used to represent the average of a set of data?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Variance

Answer

Kurtosis

Question 10

What is the primary goal of data cleaning in research?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate errors and inconsistencies in the data

Answer

To prepare the data for statistical analysis

Answer

To reduce the size of the dataset

Answer

To generate new variables from the existing data

Question 11

Which of the following strategies can help reduce bias in data collection?

Accepted Answer

Employing random sampling techniques

Accepted Answer

Utilizing trained and impartial observers

Answer

Using only closed-ended surveys

Answer

Including only participants who support the researcher's hypothesis

Question 12

Which is the main benefit of using a structured questionnaire for data collection?

Accepted Answer

Allows for easy comparison of data between participants.

Answer

Enables the collection of a large sample size.

Answer

Provides detailed and in-depth responses from participants.

Question 13

In which type of interview are standardized questions asked to every participant?

Accepted Answer

Structured interview

Answer

Semi-structured interview

Answer

Unstructured interview

Answer

Focus group interview

Question 14

What is the purpose of naturalistic observation in research?

Accepted Answer

Studying behavior in its natural context

Answer

Collecting in-depth information on individuals

Answer

Testing hypotheses about behavior

Answer

Gathering data from a large sample

Question 15

Which statistical test is used to assess the significance of differences between two means?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

One-way ANOVA

Answer

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

Answer

Chi-square test

Question 16

Which ethical principle requires researchers to obtain informed consent from participants?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Justice

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential limitation of using self-report measures?

Accepted Answer

Social desirability bias

Answer

Demand characteristics

Answer

Experimenter bias

Answer

Hawthorne effect

Question 18

What is a potential drawback of using a structured interview in data collection?

Accepted Answer

Limited flexibility to adapt to individual participants

Answer

Greater consistency in the data collected

Answer

Reduced interviewer bias

Answer

Increased time required for data collection

Question 19

Which of the following is a type of non-probability sampling technique?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Random sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 20

What is the difference between a mean and a median?

Accepted Answer

Mean is the sum of all scores divided by the number of scores, while median is the middle score when the scores are arranged in order.

Answer

Mean is the most frequently occurring score, while median is the average of all scores.

Answer

Mean is the difference between the highest and lowest scores, while median is the average of all scores.

Question 21

Which of the following statistical tests is used to compare the means of two independent groups when the variances are assumed to be equal?

Accepted Answer

Independent samples t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Regression analysis

Question 22

What is the purpose of a research hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

To predict the outcome of a study and provide a testable explanation

Answer

To explain the results of a study

Answer

To describe the phenomenon being studied

Answer

To justify the research question

Question 23

Which ethical principle requires researchers to protect the privacy and confidentiality of participants?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Anonymity

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Beneficence

Question 24

What is the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the outcome being measured, while the independent variable is the factor being manipulated.

Answer

The independent variable is the outcome being measured, while the dependent variable is the factor being manipulated.

Answer

Both variables are dependent on each other.

Question 25

Which sampling method ensures that each individual in the population has an equal likelihood of being chosen?

Accepted Answer

Random sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 26

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using surveys as a data collection method in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Can lead to low response rates, limiting the generalizability of results

Answer

Provides quantitative data suitable for statistical analysis

Answer

Allows for the exploration of sensitive topics anonymously

Answer

Ensures the researcher has control over the data collection process

Question 27

Which type of sampling technique involves randomly selecting participants from a population?

Accepted Answer

Random sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Quota sampling

Question 28

What is the primary purpose of a hypothesis test in statistical analysis?

Accepted Answer

To determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between groups

Answer

To make predictions about future outcomes

Answer

To establish a causal relationship between variables

Answer

To generalize the findings from a sample to a population

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a parametric statistical test?

Accepted Answer

Student's t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Spearman's rank correlation

Answer

McNemar's test

Question 30

What is the main reason for cleaning and preparing data before analysis?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate errors and inconsistencies

Answer

To make the data look better

Answer

To reduce the amount of data

Answer

To make the data fit a specific format

Question 31

Which of the following is a primary advantage of using surveys in data collection?

Accepted Answer

Allows for the collection of data from a large number of participants economically

Answer

Provides detailed, qualitative data

Answer

Is less prone to bias than other methods

Question 32

Which of the following is an appropriate statistical test for comparing the means of two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

Independent samples t-test

Answer

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Answer

Correlation coefficient

Answer

Chi-square test

Question 33

Which of the following is a measure of the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

Correlation coefficient

Answer

Regression coefficient

Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Mean

Question 34

Which of the following is a key consideration when interpreting the results of a study?

Accepted Answer

Reliability, validity, and effect size of the data

Answer

Sample size

Answer

Statistical significance

Answer

Researcher's bias

Question 35

Which of the following is a type of sampling method that ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 36

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern in data collection?

Accepted Answer

Protecting participants' confidentiality and privacy, as well as ensuring informed consent

Answer

Obtaining informed consent

Answer

Avoiding biased sampling

Question 37

Which of the following is a qualitative data analysis technique that involves identifying and organizing themes in the data?

Accepted Answer

Thematic analysis

Answer

Regression analysis

Answer

Chi-square analysis

Answer

Statistical analysis

Question 38

Which of the following is a purpose of conducting a pilot study before a larger research project?

Accepted Answer

To test the feasibility and refine the methods of the study, as well as identify potential methodological issues

Answer

To collect preliminary data for the main study

Answer

To confirm the hypotheses of the study

Question 39

Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-designed research question?

Accepted Answer

Clear, specific, testable, and relevant to the field of study

Answer

Biased and leading

Answer

Open-ended and exploratory

Answer

Based on personal opinions