Group Processes: Understanding Group Dynamics in Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following is a type of norm that emphasizes maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict within a group?

Accepted Answer

Injunctive norm

Answer

Descriptive norm

Answer

Social norm

Answer

Group norm

Question 2

Which of the following is a key distinction between primary and secondary groups?

Accepted Answer

Primary groups are small, intimate, and emphasize emotional bonds, while secondary groups are large, impersonal, and emphasize task-oriented goals.

Answer

Primary groups are voluntary, while secondary groups are involuntary

Answer

Primary groups are typically based on family relationships, while secondary groups are based on shared interests or activities.

Answer

Both of the above

Question 3

According to Tuckman's model of group development, the stage characterized by conflict and disagreement is:

Accepted Answer

Storming

Answer

Forming

Answer

Norming

Answer

Performing

Question 4

In the context of social psychology, what is a defining characteristic of a group?

Accepted Answer

A group consists of individuals who interact and share a sense of belonging.

Answer

A group is exclusively defined by the common goals of its members.

Answer

A group is any assembly of individuals, irrespective of their level of interaction or shared purpose.

Question 5

The tendency for groups to make more risky decisions compared to individuals is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Group shift phenomenon

Answer

Social loafing effect

Answer

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer

Group polarization effect

Question 6

The process through which groups influence individual beliefs and behavior is called:

Accepted Answer

Social influence

Answer

Group conformity

Answer

Group polarization

Answer

Groupthink

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a type of group norm?

Accepted Answer

Personal norms

Answer

Descriptive norms

Answer

Injunctive norms

Answer

Institutional norms

Question 8

The tendency for individuals to contribute less effort when working in a group compared to working alone is known as:

Accepted Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Group facilitation

Answer

Ringelmann effect

Question 9

The process by which group members' views become more extreme over time is known as:

Accepted Answer

Group polarization

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Group shift phenomenon

Question 10

Which characteristic is NOT associated with a cohesive group?

Accepted Answer

High levels of internal conflict

Answer

Shared goals and values

Answer

Effective communication

Answer

Mutual trust and respect

Question 11

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, individuals who are highly motivated and capable of concentrating on persuasive messages are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Engage in the central route to persuasion, relying on logical reasoning and evidence

Answer

Utilize the peripheral route to persuasion, focusing on cues and emotions

Answer

Be equally influenced by both central and peripheral cues

Answer

Reject the persuasive message outright

Question 12

Which situation best illustrates the concept of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A surgical team prioritizing speed over caution, potentially compromising patient safety

Answer

A group of researchers thoroughly evaluating all available data before making a decision

Answer

A jury objectively weighing evidence and logical arguments during deliberations

Answer

A political party reaching a unanimous policy decision after considering diverse perspectives

Question 13

Which factor contributes to the occurrence of group polarization?

Accepted Answer

Similarity of group members' beliefs

Answer

Presence of dissenting opinions

Answer

Low levels of group cohesion

Answer

Absence of external pressures

Question 14

The process by which individuals learn to behave appropriately within a group is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

acculturation

Answer

Enculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Question 15

The phenomenon where individuals perform better on tasks when in the presence of others is known as:

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Group cohesion

Answer

Normative influence

Question 16

Which stage is NOT included in Tuckman's model of group development?

Accepted Answer

Concluding

Answer

Forming

Answer

Storming

Answer

Norming

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential positive consequence of group membership?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced problem-solving abilities

Answer

Reduced self-esteem

Answer

Increased susceptibility to groupthink

Answer

Lowered personal responsibility

Question 18

Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance explains why individuals:

Accepted Answer

Seek consistency between their beliefs and actions

Answer

Always reject information that contradicts their beliefs

Answer

Conform to group norms without question

Answer

Experience anxiety when their beliefs are challenged

Question 19

Which of the following is a crucial characteristic of an effective group?

Accepted Answer

Open and clear communication among members

Answer

High prevalence of groupthink

Answer

Emphasis on individual recognition and rewards

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of groups that make effective decisions?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on building consensus

Answer

Lack of open communication

Answer

Limited evaluation of alternatives

Answer

Dominance by a few individuals

Question 21

Which of the following is a potential negative consequence of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Suppression of dissenting opinions

Answer

Improved problem-solving

Answer

Increased creativity

Answer

Enhanced decision quality

Question 22

How does social loafing affect the performance of groups?

Accepted Answer

Reduced individual contributions

Answer

Enhanced coordination

Answer

Increased motivation

Answer

Improved communication

Question 23

How does group polarization influence group decisions?

Accepted Answer

It intensifies the group's initial stance

Answer

It leads to more balanced decisions

Answer

It has no effect on group decisions

Answer

It weakens the group's initial position

Question 24

Which of the following is a factor that can hinder the development of group cohesion?

Accepted Answer

Conflict

Answer

Open communication

Answer

Shared goals

Answer

Diversity

Question 25

Which of the following is a consequence of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient consideration of alternative perspectives

Answer

Improved problem-solving

Answer

Enhanced creativity

Answer

Increased individual accountability

Question 26

How can effective leadership contribute to the success of group processes?

Accepted Answer

Promoting open communication and facilitating coordination

Answer

Reducing group cohesion

Answer

Dominating decision-making

Answer

Suppressing dissenting opinions

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective group decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Lack of clear goals

Answer

Diversity of perspectives

Answer

Constructive debate

Answer

Open communication

Question 28

According to social identity theory, individuals' behavior within groups is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

Their perception of the group's status and their own within it

Answer

Their personality traits

Answer

Their political affiliation

Answer

Their socioeconomic background

Question 29

Which of the following is a potential advantage of brainstorming as a group ideation technique?

Accepted Answer

Increased diversity of ideas

Answer

Guaranteed high-quality solutions

Answer

Efficient use of time

Answer

Elimination of social loafing

Question 30

Which of the following statements about groupthink is true?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to poor decision-making due to diminished critical thinking.

Answer

It is a positive phenomenon that enhances group cohesion.

Answer

It only occurs in large groups.

Answer

It always results in highly innovative solutions

Question 31

According to Janis and Mann's model, which of the following is a symptom of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Suppression of dissenting views

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving abilities

Answer

Increased creativity

Answer

Improved communication

Question 32

Which of the following is a technique used to reduce social loafing in groups?

Accepted Answer

Individual accountability

Answer

Elimination of group rewards

Answer

Reduced competition

Answer

Increased group size

Question 33

According to Kurt Lewin's three-stage model of group development, which stage is characterized by conflict and power struggles?

Accepted Answer

Storming

Answer

Forming

Answer

Norming

Answer

Performing

Question 34

Which of the following is a role played by a group leader?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating communication and decision-making

Answer

Dominating the group

Answer

Avoiding conflict

Answer

Suppressing dissenting opinions

Question 35

Which type of group is characterized by a high level of emotional connection and interdependence among its members?

Accepted Answer

Primary group

Answer

In-group

Answer

Secondary group

Answer

Reference group

Question 36

Which technique can be employed to counter the negative effects of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Appointing a devil's advocate

Answer

Isolating dissenting opinions

Answer

Suppressing critical thinking

Answer

Encouraging group consensus

Question 37

The social facilitation effect is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others

Answer

Impaired performance on complex tasks in the presence of others

Answer

Increased anxiety and arousal in group situations

Question 38

Which principle of social influence explains why people tend to conform to group norms and behaviors to gain acceptance?

Accepted Answer

Normative social influence

Answer

Informational social influence

Answer

Compliance

Answer

Obedience

Question 39

What phenomenon refers to the decrease in individual performance as group size increases?

Accepted Answer

Ringelmann effect

Answer

Hawthorne effect

Answer

Bystander effect