Interpersonal Relationships: Theories, Types, and Factors Affecting Quality

Question 1

Which theory of interpersonal relationships suggests that individuals stay in relationships based on the perceived rewards and costs of continuing?

Accepted Answer

Social Exchange Theory

Answer

Attachment Theory

Answer

Equity Theory

Answer

Interdependence Theory

Question 2

What is a defining characteristic of close relationships?

Accepted Answer

High level of trust

Answer

Minimal communication

Answer

Infrequent conflict

Answer

Limited self-disclosure

Question 3

What is the term for the process of gradually reducing the level of intimacy and emotional connection in a relationship?

Accepted Answer

Disengagement

Answer

Escalation

Answer

De-escalation

Answer

Withdrawal

Question 4

Which of these is NOT a potential consequence of relationship conflict?

Accepted Answer

Heightened relational satisfaction

Answer

Increased intimacy

Answer

Improved communication

Answer

Reduced trust

Question 5

What is the primary goal of Gottman's Sound Relationship House Theory?

Accepted Answer

To develop a model for building and maintaining healthy relationships

Answer

To identify the factors that lead to relationship failure

Answer

To provide a framework for understanding relationship dynamics

Answer

To explore the role of communication in relationships

Question 6

According to social exchange theory, which factor is most important in determining whether relationships last?

Accepted Answer

Benefits each partner perceives they gain from the relationship

Answer

Strength of emotional connection between partners

Answer

Length of time the relationship has lasted

Answer

Level of commitment from each partner

Question 7

Who developed the 'social exchange theory' in the context of interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

George Homans

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

George Herbert Mead

Answer

John Gottman

Question 8

According to Erikson's psychosocial stages, which stage emphasizes the importance of intimacy and friendship?

Accepted Answer

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer

Integrity vs. Despair

Answer

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 9

Which factor is identified as a strong predictor of relationship satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Similarity in life goals

Answer

Frequency of communication

Answer

Number of years together

Answer

Attractiveness of partners

Question 10

The concept of 'attachment styles' in relationships refers to:

Accepted Answer

Variations in how individuals respond to relationships

Answer

Types of relationships individuals enter into

Answer

Models of communication within relationships

Answer

Levels of relationship intimacy

Question 11

Which type of interpersonal relationship is characterized by mutual support and reciprocity?

Accepted Answer

Communal relationship

Answer

Transactional relationship

Answer

Casual relationship

Answer

Romantic relationship

Question 12

Which conflict resolution approach seeks to reach a compromise acceptable to both parties?

Accepted Answer

Compromising

Answer

Competing

Answer

Accommodating

Answer

Avoiding

Question 13

What term describes the process of sharing personal information in a relationship?

Accepted Answer

Self-disclosure

Answer

Social penetration

Answer

Self-evaluation

Answer

Personal exploration

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love?

Accepted Answer

Empathy

Answer

Intimacy

Answer

Passion

Answer

Commitment

Question 15

In attachment theory, caregivers who are consistently responsive and supportive contribute to the development of which attachment style?

Accepted Answer

Secure

Answer

Avoidant

Answer

Anxious-ambivalent

Answer

Disorganized

Question 16

Which factor is most likely to have a negative impact on relationship quality?

Accepted Answer

Unresolved conflict and resentment

Answer

Open and honest communication

Answer

Trust and respect

Answer

Shared interests and values

Question 17

The process by which individuals evaluate their own relationship against others is known as:

Accepted Answer

Social comparison

Answer

Self-disclosure

Answer

Relationship satisfaction

Answer

Interpersonal attraction

Question 18

Which type of relationship is characterized by high levels of both intimacy and commitment but low levels of passion?

Accepted Answer

Companionate love

Answer

Romantic love

Answer

Consummate love

Answer

Fatuous love

Question 19

The gradual process by which partners become more similar over time is called:

Accepted Answer

Convergence

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Accommodation

Answer

Complementarity

Question 20

The tendency to attribute negative qualities or intentions to others, especially in ambiguous situations, is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Halo effect

Question 21

According to social exchange theory, individuals are more likely to stay in a relationship if they perceive that:

Accepted Answer

The benefits outweigh the costs

Answer

The costs outweigh the benefits

Answer

The relationship is permanent and unchangeable

Answer

There are no other alternatives available

Question 22

According to attachment theory, which attachment style is characterized by a fear of abandonment and a need for constant reassurance?

Accepted Answer

Anxious-ambivalent

Answer

Secure

Answer

Avoidant

Answer

Disorganized

Question 23

Which theory of interpersonal relationships focuses on the balance between rewards and costs exchanged between individuals?

Accepted Answer

Social Exchange Theory

Answer

Attachment Theory

Answer

Cognitive-Interactional Theory

Answer

Evolutionary Theory

Question 24

Which of the following is not considered a type of interpersonal relationship?

Accepted Answer

Formal

Answer

Intimate

Answer

Casual

Answer

Professional

Question 25

The process by which individuals develop emotional bonds with others is known as:

Accepted Answer

Attachment

Answer

Love

Answer

Intimacy

Answer

Proximity

Question 26

The concept that individuals tend to select partners who share similar traits and characteristics is known as:

Accepted Answer

Assortative mating

Answer

Exchange theory

Answer

Cognitive-Interactional Theory

Answer

Evolutionary theory

Question 27

According to cognitive-interactional theory, relationships develop and change through:

Accepted Answer

A series of interactions and interpretations

Answer

The exchange of rewards and costs

Answer

The formation of emotional bonds

Answer

Evolutionary processes

Question 28

The process of actively seeking to understand and share the feelings and perspectives of another person is known as:

Accepted Answer

Empathy

Answer

Communication

Answer

Trust

Answer

Respect

Question 29

In interpersonal relationships, which characteristic is associated with the secure attachment style?

Accepted Answer

Positive self-image and high self-worth

Answer

Fear of abandonment leading to hesitation in close relationships

Answer

Difficulty trusting others and forming lasting bonds

Answer

Idealizing romantic partners and overlooking their flaws

Question 30

Which of the following is a **unique** limitation of longitudinal studies when examining changes in interpersonal relationships over time?

Accepted Answer

Participant attrition

Answer

High cost

Answer

Low ecological validity

Answer

Ethical concerns

Question 31

To maintain healthy and fulfilling relationships, which strategy is essential?

Accepted Answer

Open and honest communication

Answer

Avoiding conflicts

Answer

Relying heavily on each other

Question 32

Which characteristic is NOT associated with secure attachment in interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

Independence

Answer

Trust

Answer

Open communication

Answer

Low levels of anxiety

Question 33

Which attachment style is characterized by an intense fear of abandonment and clingy behavior?

Accepted Answer

Anxious-ambivalent

Answer

Secure

Answer

Avoidant

Answer

Disorganized

Question 34

The gradual process of becoming more similar to one's romantic partner over time is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal convergence

Answer

Social comparison

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Self-disclosure

Question 35

The capacity to comprehend and share the thoughts and emotions of others is known as:

Accepted Answer

Empathy

Answer

Sympathy

Answer

Perspective-taking

Answer

Theory of mind

Question 36

The theory that suggests that relationships progress through distinct and predictable stages of development is known as:

Accepted Answer

Developmental theory of relationships

Answer

Social exchange theory

Answer

Attachment theory

Answer

Relational dialectics theory

Question 37

Which communication style has the potential to harm interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

Aggressive

Answer

Assertive

Answer

Passive

Answer

Nonverbal

Question 38

The tendency to associate positive qualities with someone we are attracted to is known as:

Accepted Answer

Halo effect

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Attraction bias

Answer

Self-serving bias

Question 39

Which of the following is a warning sign that may indicate an unhealthy interpersonal relationship?

Accepted Answer

Control and manipulation

Answer

Trust and respect

Answer

Effective communication

Answer

Love and affection

Question 40

Which element of Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love involves an intense feeling of excitement and attraction towards one's partner?

Accepted Answer

Passion

Answer

Trustworthiness

Answer

Selflessness

Answer

Commitment

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier to effective communication in interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

Positive body language

Answer

Cultural differences

Answer

Lack of empathy

Answer

Active listening

Question 42

The Social Exchange Theory proposes that individuals in a relationship are motivated to maintain it based on what principle?

Accepted Answer

The balance of rewards and costs

Answer

Emotional attachment

Answer

Cognitive commitment

Answer

Social norms

Question 43

Which of the following is a characteristic of a healthy and fulfilling interpersonal relationship?

Accepted Answer

Mutual respect and support

Answer

Emotional distance

Answer

Dependency and control

Answer

Lack of trust

Question 44

What is the term used to describe the process by which individuals in a romantic relationship gradually become more similar in their attitudes, values, and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Convergence

Answer

Divergence

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Acculturation

Question 45

Which of the following is a possible negative consequence of unresolved conflict in interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

Relationship breakdown

Answer

Increased closeness

Answer

Improved communication

Answer

Greater understanding

Question 46

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, which stage of development involves establishing intimate relationships and a sense of belonging?

Accepted Answer

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Answer

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Question 47

Which of the following is a key strategy for effective conflict resolution in interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

Active listening and respectful communication

Answer

Blaming the other person and avoiding responsibility

Answer

Withdrawing from the conflict altogether

Answer

Conceding to all of the other person's demands

Question 48

What is the phenomenon known as, where individuals tend to view their own romantic relationships as more positive and less conflictual than they actually are?

Accepted Answer

Relationship illusion

Answer

Social comparison bias

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Question 49

According to attachment theory, individuals with a secure attachment style typically exhibit:

Accepted Answer

A strong emotional bond and desire for closeness

Answer

A tendency to avoid intimacy and emotional connection

Answer

Anxious and ambivalent behavior in relationships

Answer

A disorganized and inconsistent attachment pattern

Question 50

Which of the following factors is NOT considered to be a determinant of relationship quality?

Accepted Answer

Education level of the partners

Answer

Effective communication

Answer

Trust and mutual respect

Answer

Early childhood experiences

Question 51

In the context of interpersonal relationships, what is the primary purpose of conflict resolution?

Accepted Answer

To find a mutually acceptable solution to a disagreement

Answer

To eliminate all conflict from a relationship

Answer

To assign blame and determine a winner

Answer

To avoid discussing sensitive issues

Question 52

According to social penetration theory, relationships typically develop from:

Accepted Answer

Superficial to deep

Answer

Deep to superficial

Answer

Random to organized

Answer

Dependent to independent

Question 53

The tendency to view relationships in a positive and idealized way is known as:

Accepted Answer

Relationship optimism

Answer

Relationship pessimism

Answer

Relationship realism

Answer

Relationship fantasy

Question 54

What type of relationship is marked by high levels of intimacy and interdependence?

Accepted Answer

Close

Answer

Casual

Answer

Communal

Answer

Exchange-based

Question 55

What conflict resolution strategy involves finding a solution that partially satisfies both parties?

Accepted Answer

Integration

Answer

Domination

Answer

Avoidance

Answer

Submission

Question 56

The tendency to view one's own relationship more favorably than it actually is, is called:

Accepted Answer

Relationship bias

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Optimism bias

Question 57

According to Bowlby's Attachment Theory, which attachment style reflects a strong and stable relationship with caregivers?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment, characterized by trust and a positive view of self and others

Answer

Anxious-ambivalent attachment, marked by intense emotions and a fear of abandonment

Answer

Avoidant attachment, involving emotional distance and a lack of trust in others

Answer

Disorganized attachment, characterized by a mixture of secure and insecure attachment patterns

Question 58

Gottman's Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse refer to specific behaviors that are detrimental to relationships. Which behavior is considered the most damaging?

Accepted Answer

Contempt, exhibiting disrespect and disdain for one's partner

Answer

Criticism, expressing disapproval or judgment towards one's partner

Answer

Defensiveness, protecting oneself and avoiding responsibility

Answer

Stonewalling, withdrawing from communication and refusing to engage

Question 59

According to attachment theory, individuals with a secure attachment style tend to:

Accepted Answer

Feel comfortable and trusting in relationships

Answer

Fear abandonment and rejection

Answer

Believe they are unworthy of love

Answer

Avoid getting too close to others

Question 60

Which type of relationship is characterized by a high level of intimacy and interdependence?

Accepted Answer

Romantic partnership

Answer

Casual acquaintance

Answer

Close friendship

Answer

Work colleague

Question 61

According to social exchange theory, individuals are more likely to remain in a relationship if:

Accepted Answer

The perceived benefits outweigh the costs

Answer

The perceived costs outweigh the benefits

Answer

They lack alternative options

Answer

They fear being alone

Question 62

According to the communication accommodation theory, people tend to:

Accepted Answer

Adapt their communication style to their partner's

Answer

Avoid communication with partners who have different communication styles

Answer

Always use a dominant communication style

Answer

Be unaware of the impact of their communication style on others

Question 63

According to Social Exchange Theory, which statement best describes the motivation for maintaining relationships?

Accepted Answer

People stay in relationships when they perceive the rewards to be greater than the costs.

Answer

People stay in relationships solely based on emotional attachment.

Answer

People stay in relationships because they are afraid of being alone.

Answer

People stay in relationships to gain power and control over their partners.

Question 64

Which type of attachment, according to Attachment Theory, is characterized by a high level of anxiety and a low level of avoidance?

Accepted Answer

Anxious-ambivalent attachment

Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Anxious-avoidant attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment