Introduction to Psychology: Master the Basics of the Human Mind

Question 1

Which perspective in psychology highlights the interconnectedness of biological, psychological, and social factors in human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Biopsychosocial perspective

Answer

Biological perspective

Answer

Social perspective

Question 2

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Psychology' and what significant contribution did they make to the field?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt, established the first psychology laboratory

Answer

Sigmund Freud, developed psychoanalysis

Answer

B.F. Skinner, developed operant conditioning

Question 3

In psychological research, explain the difference between reliability and validity.

Accepted Answer

Reliability measures consistency, while validity measures accuracy in reflecting what it claims to measure.

Answer

Reliability measures accuracy, while validity measures consistency over multiple measurements.

Answer

Both reliability and validity measure consistency.

Answer

Reliability and validity are not meaningful concepts in psychological research.

Question 4

How do sociocultural factors, including culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, shape our psychological processes and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural factors can profoundly influence psychological processes and behaviors, shaping our thoughts, emotions, and actions in intricate ways.

Answer

Sociocultural factors have a negligible influence on psychological processes and behaviors.

Answer

Sociocultural factors solely affect behavior, with no impact on psychological processes.

Answer

Sociocultural factors universally impact all individuals, regardless of their unique traits or experiences.

Question 5

In psychological research, which ethical principle ensures that participants are fully informed about the study and their rights before agreeing to participate?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Coercion

Answer

Deception

Question 6

Which psychological perspective focuses on the influence of unconscious motivations and childhood experiences on behavior?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic perspective

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Question 7

Which ethical principle requires researchers to provide participants with complete information about the study and their rights before they agree to participate?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Debriefing

Answer

Protection from harm

Question 8

Which of the following is not considered a major perspective within the field of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Sociology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Humanistic Psychology

Question 9

Which of these is not a contemporary major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanism

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Question 10

Which practice is considered unethical in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Using deception to manipulate participants' behavior

Answer

Obtaining informed consent from participants

Answer

Maintaining confidentiality of participants' data

Answer

Prioritizing participants' well-being and minimizing any potential harm

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a recognized subfield within the discipline of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Communication Studies

Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Developmental Psychology

Answer

Social Psychology

Question 12

Who proposed the 'tabula rasa' theory, suggesting that humans are born with no innate knowledge or abilities?

Accepted Answer

John Locke

Answer

Aristotle

Answer

Rene Descartes

Answer

Immanuel Kant

Question 13

Which of the following topics is NOT included in the 'Introduction to Psychology' unit?

Accepted Answer

Quantum Physics

Answer

History of Psychology

Answer

Research Methods in Psychology

Answer

Biological Psychology

Question 14

Which of the following is an outdated major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanistic

Answer

Cognitive

Question 15

Which of these is NOT a major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Sociological

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Humanistic

Question 16

Which subfield of psychology primarily focuses on mental processes, such as thinking, memory, and language?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Neuropsychology

Answer

Behavioral Genetics

Answer

Physiological Psychology

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a primary perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Sociology

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Humanistic Psychology

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT considered a scientific perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Graphology

Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Behaviorism

Question 19

Which of the following is **not** a fundamental ethical principle in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Objectivity

Answer

Respect for participants

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Question 20

Which of the following is not considered a legitimate subfield within psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrology

Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Developmental Psychology

Answer

Social Psychology

Question 21

Which of the following is an uncommon research method in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Horoscope analysis

Answer

Observational studies

Answer

Interviews

Answer

Subjective self-report measures

Question 22

Which perspective is no longer considered a major approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanism

Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Question 23

Which research method involves directly observing and recording the behaviour of individuals in their natural environment?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Case study

Answer

Survey

Answer

Experiment

Question 24

Who is considered the 'Father of Psychology' and established the first psychology laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 25

Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of subjective experiences and personal growth?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic approach

Answer

Psychoanalytic approach

Answer

Behavioural approach

Answer

Cognitive approach

Question 26

Which research design involves comparing two or more groups that are different in some way?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Answer

Case study

Answer

Correlational study

Answer

Quasi-experiment

Question 27

What is the term used to describe the tendency for individuals to overestimate the importance of their own behaviour in a group?

Accepted Answer

Spotlight effect

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Illusion of control

Answer

Groupthink

Question 28

What is the name of the famous experiment conducted by Zimbardo in which participants were randomly assigned to play the roles of guards and prisoners?

Accepted Answer

The Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer

The Bobo Doll Experiment

Answer

The Milgram Experiment

Answer

The Asch Conformity Experiment

Question 29

Which of the following is a type of perceptual illusion?

Accepted Answer

Müller-Lyer illusion

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Placebo effect

Answer

Hindsight bias

Question 30

What is the term used to describe the tendency for individuals to conform to the opinions of the majority?

Accepted Answer

Social conformity

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Social facilitation

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary perspective in the field of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrological

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Humanistic

Question 32

The scientific study of observable behavior and its relationship with the environment is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral psychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Question 33

Which individual is widely recognized as the 'father of psychology'?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

Jean Piaget

Question 34

Within the context of research ethics, the principle that emphasizes the protection of participants from any potential harm is known as:

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Autonomy

Question 35

The research method that involves asking participants to introspectively report their thoughts and feelings is termed:

Accepted Answer

Introspection

Answer

Observation

Answer

Experimentation

Answer

Correlation

Question 36

To determine the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables, researchers often employ which statistical technique?

Accepted Answer

Correlation

Answer

T-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Regression

Question 37

In cognitive psychology, the tendency to overestimate the probability of events that are easily recalled is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Representative heuristic

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Hindsight bias

Question 38

The central nervous system comprises which anatomical structures?

Accepted Answer

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Answer

Brain and spinal cord

Answer

Brain and nerves

Answer

Spinal cord and nerves

Question 39

A fundamental principle underlying cognitive psychology is that:

Accepted Answer

The mind actively interprets and constructs its understanding of the world

Answer

The mind passively receives information from the environment

Answer

Behavior is solely determined by external environmental factors

Answer

Cognitive processes cannot be objectively measured

Question 40

Which perspective in psychology focuses on the influence of social and cultural factors on the individual?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Humanistic

Question 41

Which ethical principle ensures that participants in psychological research are fully informed about the study and its potential risks?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Protection from harm

Answer

Debriefing

Question 42

Who is credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

William James

Answer

Carl Rogers

Question 43

Which research method involves gathering in-depth information through interviews or open-ended questions?

Accepted Answer

Interviews

Answer

Experiments

Answer

Surveys

Answer

Meta-analyses

Question 44

The debate about the relative contributions of genetics and environment to human development is known as:

Accepted Answer

Nature vs. nurture

Answer

Cognitive vs. emotional

Answer

Personality vs. culture

Answer

Biological vs. psychological

Question 45

According to the cognitive approach, which of the following is a crucial aspect of human behavior and experience?

Accepted Answer

Mental processes, such as thinking and remembering

Answer

Biological instincts and drives

Answer

Learned behaviors and environmental influences

Answer

Social interactions and cultural norms

Question 46

The 'OCEAN' model of personality includes which of the following traits?

Accepted Answer

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Answer

Introversion, Stability, Dominance, Submissiveness, Hostility

Answer

Cognitive, Emotional, Behavioral, Social, Cultural

Answer

Achievement, Power, Affiliation, Intimacy, Fun

Question 47

The goal of humanistic psychology is to:

Accepted Answer

Facilitate personal growth and self-actualization

Answer

Identify and treat mental disorders

Answer

Change maladaptive behaviors through conditioning

Answer

Understand unconscious processes

Question 48

What is the scientific method in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A set of steps to test hypotheses and theories

Answer

A way to collect and analyze data

Answer

A theory that explains behavior

Answer

A method for diagnosing mental disorders

Question 49

Who is considered the father of modern psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 50

Which subfield of psychology focuses on the study of the mind and its functions?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Behavioral psychology

Answer

Social psychology

Answer

Developmental psychology

Question 51

What is the purpose of a hypothesis in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

To provide a specific, testable prediction

Answer

To summarize the results of a study

Answer

To explain the causes of behavior

Answer

To provide a treatment for mental disorders

Question 52

Which of the following is a strength of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Provides in-depth understanding of experiences

Answer

Can generalize findings to a wider population

Answer

Can test hypotheses statistically

Answer

Is less time-consuming than quantitative methods

Question 53

What is the biopsychosocial model of health and illness?

Accepted Answer

A model that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness

Answer

A model that focuses solely on biological factors in understanding health and illness

Answer

A model that focuses solely on psychological factors in understanding health and illness

Answer

A model that focuses solely on social factors in understanding health and illness

Question 54

Which definition best describes psychology?

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of observable behaviors and mental processes

Answer

The practice of providing therapy for mental health issues

Answer

The philosophical examination of the mind and soul

Answer

The use of common sense and personal experiences to understand human behavior

Question 55

In psychological research, which principle is essential for ethical conduct?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from participants before their involvement

Answer

Using deception if the researcher deems it beneficial

Answer

Disregarding the confidentiality of participant information

Answer

Researchers can withdraw their data from a study whenever they choose

Question 56

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the impact of past experiences, unconscious processes, and relationships on behavior?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer

Cognitive Perspective

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanistic Perspective

Question 57

Which of the following is not a recognized perspective within the field of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Celestial

Answer

Biological

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Behavioral

Question 58

Who is widely regarded as the founder of the field of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 59

Which research method involves observing and recording behaviors as they occur naturally in real-world settings?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Survey

Answer

Case study

Question 60

The scientific method in psychology emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

Logical reasoning

Answer

Personal experiences

Answer

Intuition

Answer

Authority

Question 61

Which ethical principle requires researchers to safeguard participants from potential physical and psychological harm during studies?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Question 62

Cognitive psychology primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Mental processes

Answer

Observable behaviors

Answer

Physiological responses

Answer

Social interactions

Question 63

Which approach in psychology highlights the influence of cultural and contextual factors on behavior?

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural psychology

Answer

Psychodynamic psychology

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Answer

Behaviorism

Question 64

A double-blind experiment is designed to:

Accepted Answer

Eliminate researcher bias

Answer

Increase the sample size

Answer

Ensure participant confidentiality

Answer

Control for extraneous variables