Neurons and Neurotransmitters: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Psychology Year 13

Question 1

What is the characteristic of the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Negative inside the neuron compared to the outside

Answer

Positive inside the neuron compared to the outside

Answer

The same on both sides of the neuronal membrane

Answer

Only present in certain types of neurons

Question 2

Which of the following substances is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is primarily linked to feelings of pleasure and reward?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 4

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Insulates the axon and speeds up transmission

Answer

Transmits electrical impulses

Answer

Releases neurotransmitters

Answer

Receives signals from other neurons

Question 5

Which technique is commonly used to study the structure and function of neurons at a cellular level?

Accepted Answer

Patch-clamp recording

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 6

What structure physically separates adjacent neurons?

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Axon hillock

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with reward, motivation, and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

What is the initial event in the generation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization of the axon membrane

Answer

Hyperpolarization of the axon membrane

Answer

Diffusion of ions across the neuron

Answer

Active transport of ions across the neuron

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of ionotropic receptors?

Accepted Answer

They are ligand-gated ion channels

Answer

They activate second messengers

Answer

They are slow-acting

Answer

They only allow anions to pass through

Question 10

Which of the following substances is a neurotoxin that specifically blocks the action of acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

Curare

Answer

Tetrodotoxin

Answer

Botox

Answer

Strychnine

Question 11

What is the term for the persistent reduction in neurotransmitter release probability that follows repeated low-frequency stimulation of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Long-term depression

Answer

Long-term potentiation

Answer

Synaptic strengthening

Answer

Synaptic weakening

Question 12

What is the term for the phenomenon in which the effects of a drug diminish over time with repeated use?

Accepted Answer

Tolerance

Answer

Dependence

Answer

Withdrawal

Answer

Overdose

Question 13

In the correct order, what are the three main components of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Cell body → dendrites → axon

Answer

Dendrites → cell body → axon

Answer

Axon → dendrites → cell body

Answer

Cell body → axon → dendrites

Question 14

What is the main purpose of the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate communication between neurons

Answer

To allow ions to flow across the neuron

Answer

To store neurotransmitters

Answer

To transmit neural impulses

Question 15

Which of the following drugs acts as an agonist at dopamine receptors?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine

Answer

LSD

Answer

Heroin

Answer

Alcohol

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT influence neurotransmitter release?

Accepted Answer

Ambient temperature

Answer

Calcium ion concentration

Answer

Presynaptic membrane potential

Answer

Autoreceptor feedback

Question 17

What is the name of the process that removes neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Reuptake

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following disorders is NOT associated with abnormal neurotransmitter function?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Schizophrenia

Answer

Depression

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 19

How do excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters differ in their effects on a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood of an action potential, while inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease it.

Answer

Inhibitory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood of an action potential, while excitatory neurotransmitters decrease it.

Answer

Excitatory neurotransmitters decrease the likelihood of an action potential, while inhibitory neurotransmitters increase it.

Answer

There is no difference in the effects of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Question 20

Neurotransmitters are primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Relaying signals across synaptic clefts

Answer

Initiating electrical signals within the neuron

Answer

Regulating cellular metabolism

Answer

Directing gene transcription

Question 21

The action potential in neurons is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A sudden, all-or-nothing electrical pulse

Answer

A gradual shift in electrical potential

Answer

A chemical signal transported along the axon

Answer

A neurotransmitter released at synapses

Question 22

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is primarily maintained by:

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pumps

Answer

Calcium channels

Answer

Ligand-gated ion channels

Answer

Mechanically-gated ion channels

Question 23

Excessive neurotransmitter release may lead to:

Accepted Answer

Excitotoxicity

Answer

Neuroprotection

Answer

Long-term potentiation

Answer

Synaptic depression

Question 24

Which primary function of dendrites is to:

Accepted Answer

Receive information from other neurons

Answer

Conduct impulses away from the cell body

Answer

Release neurotransmitters into the synapse

Answer

Synthesize new neurotransmitters

Question 25

Which of the following substances is NOT classified as a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Question 26

When an action potential reaches the synaptic terminal, it triggers:

Accepted Answer

Release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

Answer

Opening of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane

Answer

Synthesis of new neurotransmitters

Answer

Depolarization of the presynaptic neuron

Question 27

Which neurotransmitter is strongly associated with reward and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 28

Which technique is primarily used to record the electrical activity of individual neurons?

Accepted Answer

Patch-clamp recording

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Question 29

In which part of the neuron do neurotransmitters typically get synthesized?

Accepted Answer

Cell body

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Axon

Answer

Synapse

Question 30

Which of the following neurotransmitters has an inhibitory effect on neurons?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 31

Excessive activity of which neurotransmitter is linked to conditions like stroke and epilepsy?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs)?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 33

The process by which neurotransmitters are released from the pre-synaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft is called:

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Transamination

Answer

Diffusion

Question 34

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the action potential?

Accepted Answer

All-or-nothing response

Answer

Continuous transmission

Answer

Bidirectional

Answer

Graded response

Question 35

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath that surrounds some neurons?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the speed of neural transmission

Answer

Generating the action potential

Answer

Storing neurotransmitters

Answer

Protecting the neuron from damage

Question 36

Which of the following is the main role of sodium-potassium pumps in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the resting membrane potential

Answer

Metabolizing glucose

Answer

Releasing neurotransmitters

Answer

Generating the action potential

Question 37

Which brain neurotransmitter is primarily associated with reward and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 38

What is the term for a neurotransmitter that acts on receptors located on the same neuron that released it?

Accepted Answer

Autoreceptor

Answer

Antagonist

Answer

Synaptic

Answer

Agonist

Question 39

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in the regulation of mood and is associated with depression when levels are low?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine