Educational Research: Principles, Methods, and Ethics

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Reliance on quantitative data

Answer

Emphasis on interpreting data

Answer

Inductive reasoning

Answer

Focus on subjective experiences

Question 2

Which of the following is **not** a type of experimental research design?

Accepted Answer

Correlational design

Answer

Pretest-posttest control group design

Answer

Factorial design

Answer

Quasi-experimental design

Question 3

You want to explore the experiences and views of students from underrepresented backgrounds in a specific educational setting. Which research approach is most suitable for this investigation?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative approach

Answer

Quantitative approach

Answer

Mixed-methods approach

Answer

Experimental approach

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a type of qualitative research design?

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis

Answer

Grounded theory

Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Case study

Question 5

In qualitative research, which method involves observing and describing events and behaviors as they occur in their natural setting?

Accepted Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Experimentation

Answer

Survey

Answer

Quantitative analysis

Question 6

In qualitative research, which method is commonly used to present findings effectively?

Accepted Answer

Narrative report

Answer

Quantitative data analysis

Answer

Graphing data

Answer

Statistical analysis

Question 7

In educational research, what's the main purpose of a literature review?

Accepted Answer

To gather and critically assess studies related to the research topic

Answer

To present the research topic and outline the research methods

Answer

To design the research methods and choose data collection techniques

Answer

To share the research results with the academic community

Question 8

In educational research, which characteristic is a defining feature of quantitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Utilization of statistical techniques for data analysis and interpretation.

Answer

Dependence on qualitative data, such as personal observations and interviews.

Answer

Emphasis on exploring and generating new ideas without prior hypotheses.

Answer

Focus on subjective interpretations and personal experiences of participants.

Question 9

Which of these is a qualitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory

Answer

Survey research

Answer

Meta-analysis

Answer

Experimental research

Question 10

What is a defining characteristic of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Involves collecting and interpreting non-numerical data.

Answer

Emphasizes numerical data and statistical analysis.

Answer

Aims to generalize findings to a larger population.

Answer

Relies solely on pre-determined research questions and hypotheses.

Question 11

What is the primary objective of historical research in the field of education?

Accepted Answer

Examine the causes and effects of educational changes over time

Answer

Describe current educational practices

Answer

Develop new educational theories and models

Answer

Guide future educational reforms

Question 12

Which of the following is a qualitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory

Answer

Survey research

Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Meta-analysis

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a type of educational research?

Accepted Answer

Curriculum Development

Answer

Quantitative Research

Answer

Qualitative Research

Answer

Mixed Methods Research

Question 14

Which of the following is not a recognized type of educational research?

Accepted Answer

Pseudo research

Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Question 15

Which research method enables researchers to control and manipulate an independent variable to observe its impact on a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Case study

Answer

Phenomenology

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a type of quantitative research design?

Accepted Answer

Action research

Answer

Experimental design

Answer

Quasi-experimental design

Answer

Correlational design

Question 17

Which educational research methodology involves researchers actively engaging in the research setting to enhance their own practice?

Accepted Answer

Action research

Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Question 18

What is a defining characteristic of qualitative research methodology?

Accepted Answer

Researcher's subjective observations and interpretations

Answer

Extensive statistical analysis to interpret findings

Answer

Large and representative sample size to ensure generalizability

Answer

Testing and verifying existing theories

Question 19

Which type of educational research aims to investigate a topic or phenomenon without reaching a definite conclusion?

Accepted Answer

Exploratory research

Answer

Descriptive research

Answer

Explanatory research

Answer

Evaluative research

Question 20

Which type of research is commonly conducted by educators within their own educational setting to improve their teaching practices and student learning?

Accepted Answer

Action research

Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Question 21

Identify the choice that is NOT a type of educational research design:

Accepted Answer

Narrative research

Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Descriptive research

Question 22

Which characteristic is NOT associated with quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on personal perspectives

Answer

Reliance on numerical data

Answer

Application of inferential statistics

Answer

Objectivity and reproducibility

Question 23

What are two key objectives of educational research?

Accepted Answer

Contribute to understanding of educational theories and develop best practices

Accepted Answer

Evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions and programs

Answer

Develop research skills and critical thinking abilities in students

Answer

Solely promote the use of evidence-based practices in education

Question 24

In contrast to a quantitative research approach, which of the following is a key characteristic of a qualitative research approach?

Accepted Answer

Emphasizes the researcher's own experiences

Answer

Focuses on numerical data for statistical analysis

Answer

Aims to test hypotheses and generalize findings

Answer

Relies on standardized procedures and objective measures

Question 25

What is a defining characteristic that sets qualitative research apart from quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research aims to understand the subjective experiences and viewpoints of individuals.

Answer

Qualitative research relies on statistical analysis to draw conclusions.

Answer

Qualitative research focuses solely on developing and testing hypotheses.

Answer

Findings from qualitative research can always be directly applied to a broader population.

Question 26

In educational research, what is the primary purpose of a literature review?

Accepted Answer

Summarize existing knowledge on a specific research topic

Answer

Establish a theoretical framework for a research project

Answer

Present new research findings

Answer

Evaluate the quality of a particular research study

Question 27

What characteristic sets quantitative research apart from other research methods?

Accepted Answer

Dependence on statistical analysis

Answer

Inductive reasoning approach

Answer

Focus on qualitative data

Answer

Limited generalizability

Question 28

Which characteristic is a defining feature of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Subjective interpretation and understanding

Answer

Statistical analysis and numerical data

Answer

Random sampling techniques for representativeness

Answer

Generalizability of findings to a larger population

Question 29

Which research approach in educational research combines both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis?

Accepted Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Quantitative research

Question 30

What is a primary benefit of using a mixed methods approach in educational research?

Accepted Answer

Triangulating findings from multiple data sources to enhance validity and reliability

Answer

Reducing the time and resources needed for research

Answer

Eliminating the need for expertise in both qualitative and quantitative methods

Answer

Being the most suitable approach for all educational research questions

Question 31

What sets action research apart from other educational research approaches?

Accepted Answer

Involves continuous reflection and collaboration

Answer

Conducted by external researchers in academic settings

Answer

Aims to establish general theories and principles

Answer

Relies solely on qualitative data

Question 32

Which data collection method entails observing individuals in their natural environment in a structured manner?

Accepted Answer

Participant observation

Answer

Surveys

Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Document analysis

Question 33

In educational research, which method is best suited to determine if a new teaching strategy enhances student learning?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Descriptive research

Answer

Correlational research

Answer

Historical research

Question 34

In quantitative research methods, what is the primary focus?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing numerical data and statistical methods to draw generalizable conclusions.

Answer

Investigating individual perspectives and subjective interpretations.

Question 35

Which characteristic is unique to qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Researcher's interpretations and observations

Answer

Statistical analysis and large sample sizes

Answer

Hypothesis testing

Answer

Generalizable findings

Question 36

Which research method is best suited for gathering in-depth information from a limited number of participants?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative interview

Answer

Quantitative survey

Answer

Controlled experiment

Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 37

In quantitative educational research, which of these techniques is less commonly used for data analysis?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative content analysis

Answer

Descriptive statistics

Answer

Inferential statistics

Answer

Regression analysis

Question 38

Which of the following is the first step in the research process?

Accepted Answer

Research question formulation

Answer

Data collection

Answer

Data analysis

Answer

Interpretation of results

Question 39

In an educational research proposal, which section outlines the methods for data collection and analysis?

Accepted Answer

Methodology

Answer

Research Question

Answer

Literature Review

Question 40

In educational research, which type of validity refers to the ability to apply the findings of a study to different groups or situations?

Accepted Answer

External validity

Answer

Internal validity

Answer

Construct validity

Question 41

In educational research, which ethical principle is paramount to ensure participants make informed decisions about their involvement?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Anonymity

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Objectivity

Question 42

Which of the following is a secondary type of educational research?

Accepted Answer

Correlational research

Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Qualitative research

Question 43

Which characteristic is NOT associated with a reliable research study?

Accepted Answer

Researcher bias influencing results

Answer

Consistent findings across multiple studies

Answer

Accurate data collection

Question 44

In educational research, what's the main purpose of conducting a literature review?

Accepted Answer

To critically analyze and summarize existing research on a specific topic.

Answer

To provide a complete overview of all research findings in a particular field.

Answer

To evaluate the quality of individual research studies.

Question 45

In educational research, which ethical principle should researchers prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Participants' well-being over research goals

Answer

Deception for valid data

Answer

Sharing data without consent

Question 46

Which characteristic is associated with qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Exploring complex phenomena through observation or interviews

Answer

Gathering and analyzing numerical data

Answer

Generalizing findings through statistical analysis

Answer

Testing hypotheses through controlled variable manipulation

Question 47

Which research method is most appropriate for examining the nuances and complexities of an educational phenomenon within its actual setting?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Survey research

Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Mixed methods research

Question 48

To determine the effectiveness of a new teaching method, which research design is most suitable?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Correlational research

Answer

Qualitative research

Question 49

When selecting data analysis methods for educational research projects, which principle should be considered?

Accepted Answer

The research question, type of data, and strengths/limitations of each approach

Answer

The type of data collected

Answer

Quantitative and qualitative data should be analyzed separately

Answer

The researcher's personal preferences

Question 50

Which of the following is a potential limitation of using a survey research design in educational research?

Accepted Answer

Surveys depend on self-reported data, which can be susceptible to bias and inaccuracies.

Answer

Surveys can be challenging to administer to large populations.

Answer

Surveys are inherently expensive and time-consuming to conduct.

Answer

Surveys cannot be used to collect qualitative data.

Question 51

What are the key considerations and challenges involved in translating educational research findings into practical applications to improve educational outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Key considerations in translating research findings into practice include stakeholder involvement, contextual adaptation, and ongoing evaluation.

Answer

Research findings can be directly applied in educational settings without considering contextual factors.

Answer

The responsibility for translating research into practice lies solely with researchers.

Answer

Educational research should prioritize the generation of new knowledge over its practical applications.

Question 52

How can collaboration and interdisciplinary approaches enhance the effectiveness of educational research in addressing complex educational challenges?

Accepted Answer

By pooling knowledge and expertise from different disciplines, leading to stronger research designs and data collection methods.

Answer

By potentially causing conflicts and disagreements among researchers with diverse backgrounds and perspectives.

Answer

By being suitable only for large-scale research projects with significant funding.

Question 53

How can researchers effectively engage stakeholders, such as participants, policymakers, and practitioners, to enhance the impact and relevance of their research findings?

Accepted Answer

By presenting their findings at conferences and engaging in discussions.

Answer

By solely publishing their findings in academic journals.

Answer

By working independently of practitioners and policymakers.

Answer

By using complex statistical models and technical jargon in their communication.

Question 54

To effectively translate research findings into real-world educational changes, which strategy is crucial for educational researchers to employ?

Accepted Answer

Collaborate with stakeholders, including policymakers and practitioners, throughout the research process.

Answer

Disseminate findings solely through academic journals, which are not widely accessible to policymakers and practitioners.

Answer

Ignore the political and economic factors that shape educational policymaking.

Question 55

What is the primary purpose of a research hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

To provide a testable prediction about the relationship between variables.

Answer

To summarize the main findings of a research study.

Answer

To guide the design of the research study.

Answer

To establish the researcher's bias on the topic.

Question 56

Which of the following is a method used in quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Surveys

Answer

Interviews

Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Case studies

Question 57

What is the primary ethical consideration in educational research?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the privacy and well-being of participants.

Answer

Ensuring the researcher's safety.

Answer

Maintaining the integrity of the research data.

Answer

Preventing harm to participants.

Question 58

To assess the trustworthiness of a research study, which method is most reliable?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing the research design and methodology

Answer

Verifying peer-review status

Answer

Evaluating findings and conclusions

Answer

Trusting the author's reputation

Question 59

Which of the following is a qualitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Interviews

Answer

Surveys

Answer

Experiments

Answer

Action research

Question 60

To ensure research aligns with the needs of educators and policymakers, what should educational researchers prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Seeking input from stakeholders throughout the research process

Answer

Focusing solely on theoretical frameworks

Answer

Publishing findings only in academic journals

Question 61

Which of the following is a quantitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Survey

Answer

Case study

Answer

Interview

Answer

Ethnography

Question 62

What is the primary ethical consideration in educational research?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the privacy of participants

Answer

Ensuring the validity of research findings

Answer

Objectively reporting research conclusions

Answer

Using appropriate sampling techniques

Question 63

What is the purpose of formulating a research hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

To posit a tentative explanation or prediction about research outcomes

Answer

To describe the research methodology

Answer

To summarize research findings

Answer

To identify the research problem

Question 64

What is the primary objective of quantitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

To generate generalisable and objective findings

Answer

To explore and interpret individual experiences

Answer

To understand the complex relationships between variables

Answer

To develop and test new theories