History of Psychology Quizzes - Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt's structuralist approach to psychology emphasized:

Accepted Answer

Breaking down conscious experiences into their fundamental components

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Unconscious mental processes

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Social and cultural influences on behavior

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Animal studies as a primary method for understanding human behavior

Question 2

Who is known as the father of modern psychology and established the first psychology laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

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William James

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B.F. Skinner

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a recognized school of thought in contemporary psychology?

Accepted Answer

Phrenology

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Cognitive Psychology

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Social Psychology

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Clinical Psychology

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a major school of thought in the history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychology

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Structuralism

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Functionalism

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Behaviorism

Question 5

Which school of thought in psychology focuses on the unconscious mind and uses free association?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic psychology

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Behaviorism

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Cognitive psychology

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Humanistic psychology

Question 6

Who is recognized for founding the first formal psychology laboratory, heralding the inception of experimental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

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Sigmund Freud

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James McKeen Cattell

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Carl Jung

Question 7

Wilhelm Wundt is widely recognized as the father of psychology primarily because he:

Accepted Answer

Established the first psychology laboratory.

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Developed the concept of the unconscious mind.

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Proposed the theory of behaviorism.

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Emphasized the importance of self-reflection.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a foundational school of thought in modern scientific psychology?

Accepted Answer

Humanism

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Structuralism

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Functionalism

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Behaviorism

Question 9

Who among the following is NOT a notable figure in the history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Plato

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Wilhelm Wundt

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Sigmund Freud

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Carl Jung

Question 10

In the history of psychology, who is recognized as the founder of structuralism, a school of thought that aimed to analyze mental processes into their fundamental components?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

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Sigmund Freud

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William James

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Carl Rogers

Question 11

Who is widely recognized as the founder and pioneer of psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud

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Wilhelm Wundt

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Carl Rogers

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B.F. Skinner

Question 12

In the realm of psychology, who is widely recognized as the pioneer of functionalism?

Accepted Answer

William James

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Wilhelm Wundt

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Sigmund Freud

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B.F. Skinner

Question 13

Who is widely recognized as the founder of psychoanalysis, a school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud

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Carl Rogers

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B.F. Skinner

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Jean Piaget

Question 14

Who is widely regarded as the 'father of psychology'?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

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Sigmund Freud

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William James

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Carl Jung

Question 15

In the history of psychology, which perspective stressed the significance of comprehending individuals as a unified whole, rather than solely examining their isolated components?

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology

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Behaviorism

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Cognitive psychology

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Structuralism

Question 16

In functionalism, what is the primary function of the mind?

Accepted Answer

To actively process and interpret information to aid in environmental adaptation.

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To passively absorb and store information from the environment.

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To provide a rigid and unchanging structure for perception and cognition.

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To be the sole focus of psychological research.

Question 17

Which perspective is NOT considered a foundational school of thought in the history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic Psychology

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Structuralism

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Psychoanalysis

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Behaviorism

Question 18

Where was the first formal psychological laboratory established?

Accepted Answer

University of Leipzig

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Harvard University

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Johns Hopkins University

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Yale University

Question 19

Which of these is NOT a major school of thought in the early history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Neuroscience

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Structuralism

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Functionalism

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Behaviorism

Question 20

Where was the first psychology laboratory established?

Accepted Answer

University of Leipzig

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University of Cambridge

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University of Oxford

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University of Paris

Question 21

Which psychologist was not a key figure in the development of humanistic psychology?

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner

Answer

Carl Rogers

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Abraham Maslow

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Viktor Frankl

Question 22

Who is widely regarded as the founder of modern psychology and established the first psychology laboratory in 1879?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Carl Jung

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William James

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Ivan Pavlov

Question 23

In what year did Wilhelm Wundt establish the first formal psychology laboratory?

Accepted Answer

1879

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1860

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1890

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1900

Question 24

Which pioneering psychologist emphasized studying mental processes in environmental adaptation, establishing the school of functionalism?

Accepted Answer

William James

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Sigmund Freud

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B.F. Skinner

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a recognized major school of thought in the history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Alchemy

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Structuralism

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Functionalism

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Behaviorism

Question 26

Question: Which of the following individuals was NOT a prominent figure in the history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

(C) Marie Curie

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(A) Carl Jung

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(B) Ivan Pavlov

Question 27

Who is widely recognized for establishing the first psychology laboratory and pioneering experimental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Carl Jung

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Ivan Pavlov

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B.F. Skinner

Question 28

Cognitive psychology suggests that the mind functions like what?

Accepted Answer

A processor of information

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A passive receiver of stimuli

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A set of fixed mental structures

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A battlefield of conflicting forces

Question 29

Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism, the foundation of experimental psychology, is best characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Extensive use of introspection, the examination of one's own conscious experience, as the primary research method

Answer

Emphasis on exploring unconscious mental processes

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Belief that animal behavior is crucial for understanding human psychology

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Recognition of the significant impact of culture on psychological processes

Question 30

In Gestalt psychology, which principle emphasizes the tendency to perceive objects as complete, unified entities rather than as separate elements?

Accepted Answer

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Answer

Perception is based solely on individual sensations.

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Past experiences do not influence our perception.

Question 31

Wilhelm Wundt's approach to psychology heavily relied on introspection. What was a major criticism of this reliance?

Accepted Answer

Introspection limited the generalizability and objectivity of findings.

Answer

Introspection allowed for objective and reliable data collection.

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Introspection provided a controlled environment for studying mental processes.

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Introspection facilitated the scientific study of mental processes.

Question 32

Cognitive psychology emphasizes the mind's active role in shaping our understanding of the world. Which of the following best reflects this principle?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology's view of the mind as an active processor and interpreter of information

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Behaviorism's focus on external factors and observable behaviors

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Psychoanalysis's exploration of unconscious processes and childhood experiences

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Humanistic psychology's emphasis on personal experiences and self-growth

Question 33

Who is considered the founder of Structuralism, a school of psychology that focused on breaking down mental processes into their basic elements?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

William James

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Question 34

According to William James's functionalist approach, what is a primary focus of psychological study?

Accepted Answer

The adaptive value and purpose of mental processes

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The use of introspection as the sole research method

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The decomposition of mental processes into basic elements

Question 35

What is the central focus of Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental theory?

Accepted Answer

Understanding the development of cognitive structures and reasoning abilities through distinct stages.

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Examining the role of unconscious drives in behavior.

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Exploring how individuals adapt to their environment through experience.

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Investigating the influence of culture on moral reasoning.

Question 36

Wilhelm Wundt, known as the father of which school of psychology, founded the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig in what year?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism; Leipzig; 1879

Answer

Behaviorism; Baltimore; 1879

Question 37

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

Psychology should focus on observable behaviors, not internal mental processes.

Answer

The mind is a blank slate at birth, and experience shapes knowledge.

Answer

The unconscious mind significantly influences behavior.

Question 38

Who is credited as the founder of structuralism, a psychological school that aimed to break down the mind into its basic elements?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

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Jean Piaget

Question 39

Which of the following is a central tenet of Carl Rogers' humanistic psychology approach?

Accepted Answer

Belief in the inherent goodness of human nature

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Emphasis on the significance of the unconscious mind

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Use of free association as a therapeutic technique

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Focus on observable behavior and environmental influences

Question 40

Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism in psychology is best known for its emphasis on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Introspection as a method to study mental processes

Answer

Exclusive focus on complex cognitive processes

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Use of uncontrolled observations as the primary research method

Question 41

Who is credited with establishing modern experimental psychology in the late 19th century?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

William James

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Carl Jung

Question 42

Which belief is central to humanistic psychology?

Accepted Answer

Individuals possess inherent goodness, growth potential, and self-actualization capacity.

Answer

Introspection and mental process analysis are crucial.

Answer

Unconscious motivations and conflicts profoundly influence behavior.

Answer

Observable behaviors and scientific methods are essential in psychology.

Question 43

In the late 19th century, who founded the structuralist approach to psychology, focusing on breaking down mental processes into their basic elements?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Jung

Answer

William James

Question 44

In psychodynamic psychology, what is believed to be the main factor shaping personality and behavior?

Accepted Answer

Unconscious conflicts and past experiences

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Conscious thoughts and logical choices

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Biological traits and genetic inheritance

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Social and environmental influences

Question 45

According to William James, the primary function of consciousness in functionalism is to:

Accepted Answer

Help people adjust to their environment.

Answer

Break down mental processes into their basic elements.

Answer

Reach the unconscious mind.

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Promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.

Question 46

Wilhelm Wundt, known as the father of which school of psychology, aimed to analyze mental processes into their fundamental components?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Psychoanalysis

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Gestalt Psychology

Question 47

In the functionalist school of psychology, who is known for proposing the concept of the "stream of consciousness"?

Accepted Answer

William James

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Wilhelm Wundt

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Edward Titchener

Answer

John B. Watson

Question 48

Which of the following schools of thought were among the earliest to establish the field of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Accepted Answer

Functionalism

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Behaviorism

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Psychoanalysis

Question 49

Gestalt psychology emerged as a contrasting perspective to structuralism. Which principle is a defining characteristic of Gestalt psychology, setting it apart from structuralism?

Accepted Answer

Approaching the mind as a unified, interconnected system

Answer

Analyzing mental processes by breaking them down into their fundamental elements

Question 50

Behaviorism, a prominent school of psychology, focuses primarily on studying which aspect of human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Observable behaviors and responses to stimuli

Answer

Mental processes and experiences

Answer

Physiological responses and brain activity

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Unconscious motivations and repressed desires

Question 51

Which psychological perspective places great importance on the impact of unconscious processes on human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic Psychology

Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanistic Psychology

Question 52

In the history of psychology, who is widely regarded as the 'Father of Structuralism'?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a major theoretical perspective in the history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Psychology

Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Behaviorism

Question 54

Which of the following best describes the central tenets of Carl Rogers' client-centered approach in humanistic psychology?

Accepted Answer

Trusting in the inherent value and growth potential of individuals.

Answer

Providing guidance and rewards to influence behavior.

Answer

Analyzing dreams and transference to resolve conflicts within the psyche.

Question 55

Analyze Carl Rogers' contributions to humanistic psychology, with a focus on his person-centered approach.

Accepted Answer

Rogers' person-centered approach emphasizes understanding individuals' subjective experiences and perceptions.

Answer

Rogers believed individuals are inherently flawed and need external control to achieve self-actualization.

Answer

Rogers' approach encourages therapists to offer solutions and advice to clients.

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Rogers' theory suggests that human behavior is primarily driven by unconscious conflicts.

Question 56

How have sociocultural factors influenced the evolution of psychology as a field?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural factors have significantly shaped the research questions and methods used in psychology.

Answer

Sociocultural factors have had no impact on psychology's development, as it is an objective science.

Answer

While sociocultural factors may have influenced psychology's application, they have not affected its core theoretical principles.

Answer

The impact of sociocultural factors on psychology has been overstated, as the field is primarily driven by individual researchers.

Question 57

How did the Würzburg School contribute to the development of Gestalt psychology, particularly its emphasis on a holistic approach to mental processes?

Accepted Answer

The Würzburg School's focus on introspection influenced Gestalt psychology's emphasis on perceptual organization and meaning-making.

Answer

The Würzburg School supported structuralism's elementalist approach, which Gestalt psychology later rejected.

Answer

The Würzburg School had no significant influence on Gestalt psychology's development.

Question 58

Wilhelm Wundt's experimental approach focused on breaking down mental processes into their fundamental elements. What was this approach called?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Humanistic psychology

Question 59

Who developed the first widely used intelligence test, which measured children's mental abilities?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet

Answer

Carl Jung

Answer

Ivan Pavlov

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a central principle of humanistic psychology?

Accepted Answer

Focus on unconscious processes

Answer

Emphasis on personal growth and self-actualization

Answer

Holistic approach

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Belief in free will and personal responsibility

Question 61

Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning is a fundamental learning process based on what principle?

Accepted Answer

Association between stimuli and their significance

Answer

Reinforcement and punishment

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Cognitive interpretation of experiences

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Observational learning

Question 62

What is the primary purpose of historical research in psychology?

Accepted Answer

To trace the development of psychological thought and understanding

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To predict future directions in the field

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To establish the superiority of modern psychological theories

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To provide therapeutic interventions for psychological problems

Question 63

A key distinction between structuralism and functionalism is their:

Accepted Answer

Focus on the structure of consciousness versus its function

Answer

Use of introspection versus objective observation

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Emphasis on mental processes versus behavior

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Deterministic versus free will perspectives

Question 64

B.F. Skinner's major contribution to psychology was his development of:

Accepted Answer

Behaviorist theory

Answer

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer

Humanistic therapy

Answer

Cognitive psychology