19th Century Theology: Explore the Evolution of Religious Thought

Question 1

Define the key characteristic that distinguishes 19th-century liberalism.

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing individual liberty and rational thought

Answer

Rejecting religious authority

Answer

Upholding established social hierarchies

Answer

Opposing scientific advancements

Question 2

Identify the German biblical scholar credited with formulating the documentary hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Julius Wellhausen

Answer

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Answer

Albert Schweitzer

Answer

Rudolf Bultmann

Question 3

Identify the prominent 19th-century theologian who sought to harmonize Christian faith with modern intellectual currents.

Accepted Answer

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Answer

Soren Kierkegaard

Answer

Karl Barth

Answer

C.S. Lewis

Question 4

Explain the distinction between the 'higher criticism' and traditional approaches to biblical interpretation.

Accepted Answer

Use of historical and literary methods to analyze biblical texts

Answer

Exclusive focus on the literal meaning of biblical passages

Answer

Rejection of the concept of biblical inspiration

Answer

Prioritization of spiritual interpretation over historical analysis

Question 5

Analyze how the Industrial Revolution contributed to the emergence of new religious movements in the 19th century.

Accepted Answer

Created new economic and social conditions that fostered religious innovation

Answer

Led to a decline in religious faith due to materialistic focus

Answer

Had no significant impact on the emergence of new religious movements

Answer

Resulted in increased government control over religious practices

Question 6

Who was a pioneering figure in the development of biblical criticism in the 19th century?

Accepted Answer

David Friedrich Strauss

Answer

Søren Kierkegaard

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Friedrich Nietzsche

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Social Gospel movement that emerged in the 19th century?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on social justice and equality

Answer

Rejection of traditional religious doctrines

Answer

Belief in the imminent return of Christ

Answer

Advocacy for strict adherence to biblical teachings

Question 8

Who was a prominent advocate for the Social Gospel movement?

Accepted Answer

Walter Rauschenbusch

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Answer

William James

Question 9

How did the 19th-century emphasis on historical criticism influence the study of religion?

Accepted Answer

It led to a more objective and critical approach to religious texts and traditions

Answer

It undermined the authority of religious traditions

Answer

It promoted a more dogmatic and literalist approach to scripture

Answer

It had no significant impact on the study of religion

Question 10

Which of the following individuals was a prominent advocate of liberal theology in the 19th century?

Accepted Answer

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Søren Kierkegaard

Question 11

What was a significant contribution of biblical criticism to 19th-century theological discourse?

Accepted Answer

Challenging traditional understandings of biblical authorship and historical accuracy

Answer

Establishing the inerrancy of Scripture

Answer

Providing a new framework for interpreting the Bible

Answer

Uncovering the hidden meanings in biblical texts

Question 12

Which of the following was NOT a major new religious movement that emerged in the 19th century?

Accepted Answer

The Methodist Church

Answer

The Salvation Army

Answer

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Answer

The Seventh-day Adventist Church

Question 13

How did scientific advancements in the 19th century influence religious beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Challenging certain religious doctrines, particularly those related to creation

Answer

Strengthening traditional theological doctrines

Answer

Leading to a decline in religious faith

Answer

Having no significant impact on religious thought

Question 14

Which of the following was a key feature of Schleiermacher's theological approach?

Accepted Answer

Rejection of the supernatural and emphasis on the human experience of God

Answer

Emphasis on the centrality of reason and logic

Answer

Strict adherence to traditional Christian doctrines

Answer

Focus on the historical and linguistic analysis of Scripture

Question 15

How did the development of biblical criticism contribute to the growth of religious skepticism?

Accepted Answer

It challenged the authority of the Bible and raised questions about its accuracy

Answer

It provided new evidence to support traditional religious beliefs

Answer

It led to a revival of interest in traditional forms of religious worship

Answer

It had no significant impact on religious skepticism

Question 16

Which of the following theological themes was particularly prominent in the writings of Søren Kierkegaard?

Accepted Answer

The centrality of the individual and the subjective experience of faith

Answer

The importance of human reason and the rejection of faith

Answer

The necessity of adhering strictly to religious dogma

Answer

The inevitability of human suffering and the need for divine grace

Question 17

How did the social and economic changes of the 19th century influence the development of new religious movements?

Accepted Answer

They created new opportunities for religious innovation and the formation of new religious communities

Answer

They led to a decline in religious affiliation and the rise of secularism

Answer

They had no significant impact on the development of new religious movements

Answer

They led to a strengthening of traditional religious institutions

Question 18

Which of the following is considered a seminal publication in the development of biblical criticism?

Accepted Answer

Colenso's The Pentateuch and the Book of Joshua Critically Examined

Answer

Schleiermacher's Speeches on Religion

Answer

Kierkegaard's The Sickness unto Death

Answer

Darwin's On the Origin of Species

Question 19

In the 19th century, which intellectual movement significantly influenced religious thought?

Accepted Answer

Liberalism

Answer

Gothicism

Answer

Romanticism

Answer

Neoclassicism

Question 20

Who was a pioneering figure in the development of biblical criticism?

Accepted Answer

David Friedrich Strauss

Answer

John Henry Newman

Answer

Søren Kierkegaard

Answer

Charles Darwin

Question 21

Which of the following is a key characteristic of liberal theology?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on reason and personal experience over supernatural revelation

Answer

Focus on dogma and church tradition

Answer

Adherence to biblical inerrancy

Answer

Reliance on mystical experiences

Question 22

Which theologian is associated with existentialist philosophy, which emphasizes the significance of human freedom and responsibility?

Accepted Answer

Søren Kierkegaard

Answer

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Answer

Karl Barth

Answer

Albrecht Ritschl

Question 23

One of the main criticisms of biblical criticism in the 19th century was that it:

Accepted Answer

Undermined the authority of the Bible

Answer

Was based on unreliable scholarship

Answer

Focused on textual issues rather than theological ones

Answer

Was too conservative

Question 24

A key argument advanced by proponents of liberal theology was:

Accepted Answer

Reason and personal experience can lead to valid understanding of God

Answer

Religious truth is attained through faith alone

Answer

The Bible is the sole source of religious truth

Question 25

A central concern of existentialist theologians like Kierkegaard was:

Accepted Answer

The nature of human freedom and responsibility

Answer

The historical authenticity of the Bible

Answer

The validity of religious experiences

Answer

The authority of ecclesial traditions