Theories and Models of SEN: Understanding the Causes and Characteristics of Special Educational Needs

Question 1

Which model of SEN places primary emphasis on the role of environmental factors in the development of disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Ecological model

Answer

Medical model

Answer

Social model

Answer

Cultural-historical model

Question 2

According to the social model of SEN, which entity bears primary responsibility for creating barriers that exclude individuals with disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Society

Answer

Individuals with disabilities themselves

Answer

Teachers and other professionals

Answer

Parents and caregivers

Question 3

Which model of SEN emphasizes the individual's strengths and abilities rather than their deficits?

Accepted Answer

Strengths-based model

Answer

Medical model

Answer

Deficit model

Answer

Inclusion model

Question 4

According to the medical model of SEN, the primary cause of disabilities is:

Accepted Answer

Biological factors

Answer

Social factors

Answer

Psychological factors

Answer

Educational factors

Question 5

Which model of SEN advocates for inclusive education practices as a fundamental principle?

Accepted Answer

Inclusion model

Answer

Medical model

Answer

Deficit model

Answer

Strengths-based model

Question 6

According to the cultural-historical model of SEN, disabilities are primarily shaped by:

Accepted Answer

The individual's cultural and historical context

Answer

Biological factors alone

Answer

Social factors alone

Answer

The interaction between biological and social factors

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of using a strengths-based approach in SEN?

Accepted Answer

Perpetuates a deficit-oriented mindset

Answer

Enhances self-esteem and confidence

Answer

Promotes collaboration and empowerment

Answer

Leads to more effective teaching and learning

Question 8

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of the medical model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

SEN is a consequence of an underlying medical condition.

Answer

Individuals with SEN require treatment and rehabilitation.

Answer

Educational interventions focus solely on the individual's deficiencies.

Answer

SEN is a socially-driven phenomenon.

Question 9

According to the social model of SEN, what is the primary factor leading to disability?

Accepted Answer

Societal barriers and discriminatory attitudes

Answer

Biological impairments

Answer

Deficiencies in the educational system

Answer

Insufficient individual motivation

Question 10

Identify a criticism of the ecological model of SEN:

Accepted Answer

It fails to fully account for individual differences and variability.

Answer

It adopts an overly simplistic approach.

Answer

It proves challenging to implement in practical settings.

Answer

It places excessive emphasis on the environment's influence.

Question 11

How does the intersectionality framework contribute to our understanding of the experiences of individuals with SEN?

Accepted Answer

Intersectionality acknowledges that individuals with SEN have diverse experiences influenced by their intersecting identities.

Answer

Intersectionality is exclusively applicable to individuals with multiple disabilities.

Answer

Intersectionality is unrelated to the field of SEN.

Answer

Intersectionality diminishes the significance of individual needs.

Question 12

How does the medical model of SEN contribute to the stigmatization of individuals with disabilities?

Accepted Answer

It focuses on individual deficits that need to be fixed.

Accepted Answer

It encourages labeling individuals with disabilities.

Accepted Answer

It promotes the idea that individuals with disabilities are a burden on society.

Answer

It values diversity and promotes inclusion.

Question 13

Which model of SEN prioritizes the examination of social barriers as the root cause of disability?

Accepted Answer

Social model

Answer

Medical model

Answer

Ecological model

Question 14

Identify a key distinction between the medical and ecological models of SEN:

Accepted Answer

The medical model focuses on individual deficits, while the ecological model considers environmental factors.

Answer

The medical model advocates for a cure-oriented approach, while the ecological model prioritizes prevention and support.

Answer

The ecological model provides a more comprehensive framework than the medical model.

Question 15

Which concept is central to the medical model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

Impairment

Answer

Disability

Answer

Handicap

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an intervention that aligns with the ecological model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

Creating a multi-sensory learning environment to support students with sensory processing difficulties.

Answer

Offering targeted therapy to address emotional regulation difficulties.

Answer

Providing assistive technology to support a student with dyslexia.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a concept of the social model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

Disability is a permanent condition that cannot be changed.

Answer

Individuals with SEN should be treated equally and with respect.

Answer

Disability is a socially constructed concept.

Question 18

How can Universal Design for Learning (UDL) be used in classrooms to create inclusive and equitable learning environments for students with diverse learning needs?

Accepted Answer

By providing multiple ways for students to learn, express themselves, and engage with the material.

Answer

By focusing only on the needs of students with disabilities.

Answer

By separating students with SEN into different classrooms.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the medical model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

SEN is primarily attributed to individual deficits or impairments.

Answer

SEN is a result of the interaction between the individual and their environment.

Answer

SEN is caused by social factors.

Answer

SEN is a temporary condition that can be cured.

Question 20

The social model of SEN emphasizes that:

Accepted Answer

Disability is a product of societal and environmental barriers that limit participation and inclusion.

Answer

SEN is a temporary condition that can be overcome with willpower.

Answer

SEN is a natural variation in human development.

Answer

SEN is a result of individual deficits that need to be fixed.

Question 21

The ecological model of SEN can be used to:

Accepted Answer

Analyze the complex interplay of individual, social, environmental, and cultural factors that contribute to SEN and inform holistic interventions.

Answer

Determine the appropriate placement for students with SEN.

Answer

Diagnose students with SEN.

Question 22

Which of the following accurately describes the social model of special educational needs (SEN)?

Accepted Answer

It asserts that societal barriers, rather than individual deficits, are the root cause of SEN.

Answer

It emphasizes the need for specialized interventions and support services for individuals with SEN.

Answer

It considers SEN to be a temporary condition that can be fully overcome with appropriate support.

Answer

It views SEN as a result of medical conditions and impairments.

Question 23

How has the ecological model of SEN influenced educational practices?

Accepted Answer

By encouraging a holistic approach that considers the interplay of individual, social, and environmental factors in SEN.

Answer

By advocating for the exclusion of students with SEN from mainstream education.

Answer

By promoting the use of standardized testing to measure SEN severity.

Answer

By providing a clear framework for identifying and categorizing SEN.

Question 24

Which critique accurately reflects a limitation of the medical model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

It tends to focus primarily on treating individual impairments, overlooking the influence of societal factors.

Answer

It fails to recognize the diversity of SEN presentations.

Answer

It is based on outdated and inaccurate scientific research.

Answer

It is overly complex and difficult to apply in educational settings.

Question 25

How has the social model of SEN contributed to the field of education?

Accepted Answer

It has shifted the focus from individual deficits to societal barriers, leading to advocacy for inclusive practices and environmental adaptations.

Answer

It has led to the exclusion of students with SEN from mainstream education.

Answer

It has resulted in the development of specialized curricula and teaching methods for students with SEN.

Answer

It has provided a definitive framework for diagnosing and classifying SEN.

Question 26

Which of the following best describes a key assumption of the medical model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

SEN is primarily caused by underlying medical conditions or impairments.

Answer

SEN is a result of individual differences and variations in learning styles.

Answer

SEN is a result of social and environmental factors.

Answer

SEN is a temporary condition that can be fully overcome with appropriate support.

Question 27

How can the ecological model of SEN be effectively applied in educational settings?

Accepted Answer

By considering the interplay of individual, social, and environmental factors and tailoring interventions to address all three levels.

Answer

By solely focusing on changing individual characteristics and behaviors.

Answer

By using the model to categorize students with SEN into specific diagnostic groups.

Answer

By implementing a one-size-fits-all approach based on the model's principles.

Question 28

Which criticism accurately reflects a limitation of the ecological model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

It can be challenging to apply in practice due to its complexity and the difficulty in measuring the impact of environmental factors.

Answer

It is overly simplistic and does not provide specific guidance for supporting students with SEN.

Answer

It is based on outdated and inaccurate research.

Answer

It fails to take into account individual differences and strengths.

Question 29

How has the medical model of SEN influenced educational practices?

Accepted Answer

It has led to an emphasis on identifying and treating individual impairments, often through specialized interventions and support services.

Answer

It has resulted in the exclusion of students with SEN from mainstream education.

Answer

It has promoted a holistic approach that considers the interplay of individual, social, and environmental factors.

Answer

It has shifted the focus from individual deficits to societal barriers.

Question 30

How can the social model of SEN be used to promote inclusive practices in education?

Accepted Answer

By advocating for the removal of societal barriers and the creation of environments that support the participation of all learners.

Answer

By providing specialized curricula and teaching methods for students with SEN.

Answer

By segregating students with SEN into separate educational settings.

Answer

By focusing on treating individual impairments and deficits.

Question 31

Which of the following accurately describes a potential limitation of the ecological model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

It can be challenging to apply in practice due to its complexity and the difficulty in measuring the impact of environmental factors.

Answer

It is based on outdated research.

Answer

It is not supported by empirical research.

Answer

It fails to take into account individual differences.

Question 32

How can teachers effectively utilize theories and models of SEN to inform their teaching practices?

Accepted Answer

By understanding the diverse perspectives on SEN and applying them to support individuals with diverse needs.

Answer

By disregarding the social and environmental factors that contribute to SEN.

Answer

By solely adhering to the medical model of SEN.

Question 33

Which aspect is considered a strength of the medical model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

It provides a clear and objective framework for identifying and categorizing SEN.

Answer

It is fully supported by extensive research evidence.

Answer

It promotes a holistic understanding of SEN.

Question 34

How does the social model of SEN contribute to challenging discrimination?

Accepted Answer

By drawing attention to the social barriers that create and perpetuate SEN.

Answer

By raising awareness of the medical causes of SEN.

Answer

By providing medical treatment for individuals with SEN.

Question 35

What is a key distinction between the medical and social models of SEN?

Accepted Answer

The medical model perceives SEN as a medical condition, while the social model views it as a social construct.

Answer

The medical model is based on research, while the social model is based on theory.

Question 36

Which model of SEN focuses primarily on an individual's physical or cognitive deficits?

Accepted Answer

Medical model

Answer

Ecological model

Answer

Social model

Answer

Cultural-historical model

Question 37

Which model of SEN takes into account the dynamic interplay between an individual's characteristics and their environment?

Accepted Answer

Ecological model

Answer

Psychodynamic model

Answer

Social model

Answer

Medical model

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the social model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

Focuses on individual deficits

Answer

Views disability as a social construct

Answer

Advocates for social change

Answer

Emphasizes the role of society

Question 39

Which of the following is a fundamental principle underlying the ecological model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

Disability arises from the dynamic interplay between an individual's characteristics and their environment

Answer

Disability is an inherent and unchangeable aspect of an individual

Answer

Disability is solely caused by factors within an individual's control

Question 40

Which model of SEN proposes that disability results from a complex combination of biological, psychological, and social factors?

Accepted Answer

Interactionist model

Answer

Social model

Answer

Medical model

Answer

Ecological model

Question 41

Which of the following is a key tenet of the medical model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

SEN is caused by an individual's impairment or deficit

Answer

SEN can be prevented through early intervention

Answer

SEN is a result of societal barriers

Question 42

According to the social model of SEN:

Accepted Answer

Disability is caused by societal barriers rather than individual deficits

Answer

SEN is a permanent condition that cannot be improved

Answer

Individuals with SEN should be segregated from mainstream society

Question 43

Which of the following is a potential limitation of the ecological model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

It can be complex and challenging to apply in practice

Answer

It is not applicable to all types of SEN

Answer

It does not consider the influence of biological factors

Question 44

According to the ecological model, SEN arises from:

Accepted Answer

An interaction between an individual's characteristics and their environment

Answer

Solely the individual's biological makeup

Answer

исключительно социальных факторов

Question 45

Which criticism is commonly leveled against the medical model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to a narrow focus on individual impairments

Answer

It is based on outdated scientific evidence

Answer

It promotes collaboration between professionals

Question 46

The social model of SEN emphasizes the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Changing society to remove barriers for individuals with disabilities

Answer

Segregating individuals with disabilities from mainstream society

Answer

Identifying and treating individual deficits

Question 47

Which of the following is a strength of the ecological model of SEN?

Accepted Answer

It provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the causes of SEN.

Answer

It is universally applicable to all types of SEN.

Answer

It is easy to implement in practice.

Question 48

The medical model of SEN assumes that individuals with disabilities are:

Accepted Answer

Fundamentally different from non-disabled individuals.

Answer

A burden on society.

Answer

Capable of achieving the same outcomes as non-disabled individuals with support.

Question 49

The ecological model of SEN suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The environment can play a significant role in shaping the experience of SEN.

Answer

SEN is solely caused by biological factors.

Answer

Individuals with SEN cannot participate fully in society.