Electrical Circuits 1: Master the Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering

Question 1

In a series electrical circuit, how do you calculate the total resistance?

Accepted Answer

Add up the individual resistances.

Answer

Find the average of the individual resistances.

Answer

Subtract the individual resistances.

Answer

Multiply the individual resistances.

Question 2

Which of the following is an active circuit element?

Accepted Answer

Transistor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Inductor

Question 3

In a parallel circuit, Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) states that the total current entering a node is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the sum of the branch currents entering the node

Answer

Greater than the sum of the branch currents leaving the node

Answer

Equal to the difference between the branch currents entering and leaving the node

Answer

Dependent on the voltage at the node

Question 4

In an AC circuit, the voltage and current waveforms are sinusoidal and have the same frequency. What is the relationship between the voltage and current waveforms?

Accepted Answer

Can be in phase or out of phase depending on the circuit elements present

Answer

Always in phase

Answer

Always out of phase by 90 degrees

Answer

Always out of phase by 180 degrees

Question 5

What electrical quantity measures the potential difference between two points in a circuit?

Accepted Answer

Voltage

Answer

Current

Answer

Resistance

Answer

Power

Question 6

In a series circuit, how does the current flowing through a resistor relate to the resistance of that resistor?

Accepted Answer

Current is inversely proportional to resistance.

Answer

Current is directly proportional to resistance.

Answer

Current is independent of resistance.

Answer

Current is proportional to the square of resistance.

Question 7

In the context of basic circuit analysis, which of the following is NOT a fundamental electrical quantity?

Accepted Answer

Capacitance

Answer

Voltage

Answer

Current

Answer

Power

Question 8

In an electrical circuit, which component primarily stores energy as an electrostatic field?

Accepted Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Inductor

Answer

Diode

Question 9

Which of the following is not a fundamental electrical property?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Voltage

Answer

Current

Answer

Power

Question 10

In a DC circuit, the current through a resistor is I. If the resistance of the resistor is doubled while the applied voltage remains constant, what will happen to the current through the resistor?

Accepted Answer

Halved (I/2)

Answer

Doubled (2I)

Answer

Unchanged (I)

Answer

Quadrupled (4I)

Question 11

In a basic DC circuit, which component is primarily responsible for dissipating electrical energy?

Accepted Answer

Resistor

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Inductor

Answer

Diode

Question 12

For an RLC circuit in series, which condition must be satisfied for resonance to occur?

Accepted Answer

Capacitive reactance equals inductive reactance.

Answer

Inductive reactance exceeds capacitive reactance.

Answer

Capacitive reactance exceeds inductive reactance.

Answer

Resistance is negligible.

Question 13

In a parallel circuit, how is the total resistance (R_T) related to the individual resistances (R_1, R_2, ..., R_n)?

Accepted Answer

R_T is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances: 1/R_T = 1/R_1 + 1/R_2 + ... + 1/R_n

Answer

R_T is equal to the sum of the individual resistances: R_T = R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n

Answer

R_T is equal to the average of the individual resistances: R_T = (R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n) / n

Question 14

Which statement accurately describes the behavior of resistors in an electrical circuit?

Accepted Answer

Resistors follow Ohm's law, where voltage is proportional to current.

Answer

Resistors have negative resistance values.

Answer

Resistors can only be connected in series.

Answer

Resistors do not dissipate energy.

Question 15

Which law states that the total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving the same junction?

Accepted Answer

Kirchhoff's Current Law

Answer

Ohm's Law

Answer

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Question 16

In a series circuit, the current flowing through each component is identical, regardless of its resistance. Which of Kirchhoff's laws explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

Answer

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

Answer

Ohm's Law

Answer

Superposition Theorem

Question 17

Classify circuit elements as passive or active. Which of the following is an active circuit element?

Accepted Answer

Transistor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Inductor

Question 18

In a parallel circuit, the total resistance is:

Accepted Answer

Less than the sum of the individual resistances

Answer

Greater than the sum of the individual resistances

Answer

Equal to the sum of the individual resistances

Answer

Dependent on the voltage applied to the circuit

Question 19

Which component is not a fundamental element of an electrical circuit?

Accepted Answer

Diode

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Inductor

Question 20

In a DC circuit, the current flowing through a resistor is directly proportional to which factor?

Accepted Answer

Voltage across the resistor

Answer

Resistance of the resistor

Question 21

In a series RLC circuit, resonance occurs when which of the following conditions is met?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reactance equals capacitive reactance

Answer

Inductive reactance is greater than capacitive reactance

Answer

Resistance equals inductive reactance

Answer

Capacitive reactance equals resistance

Question 22

According to the International System of Units (SI), the unit of electric current is the:

Accepted Answer

Ampere

Answer

Volt

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Watt

Question 23

A resistor with a resistance of 10 ohms is connected to a battery with an electromotive force (EMF) of 12 volts. Calculate the current flowing through the resistor:

Accepted Answer

1.2 amps

Answer

12 amps

Answer

120 amps

Answer

0.12 amps

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an essential component of a basic electrical circuit?

Accepted Answer

Transistor

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Inductor

Question 25

The fundamental principle of Kirchhoff's current law states that:

Accepted Answer

The algebraic sum of the currents entering a junction is equal to the algebraic sum of the currents leaving the junction

Answer

The algebraic sum of the currents entering a junction is greater than the algebraic sum of the currents leaving the junction

Answer

The algebraic sum of the currents entering a junction is less than the algebraic sum of the currents leaving the junction

Answer

The algebraic sum of the currents entering a junction is zero

Question 26

A circuit consisting of a single voltage source and multiple resistors connected in series is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Series circuit

Answer

Parallel circuit

Answer

Mixed circuit

Answer

Resonant circuit

Question 27

The SI unit of electrical power is:

Accepted Answer

Watt

Answer

Volt

Answer

Ampere

Answer

Ohm

Question 28

Which circuit element does not actively generate or amplify a signal?

Accepted Answer

Resistor

Answer

Transistor

Answer

Diode

Answer

Capacitor

Question 29

In a parallel circuit arrangement, the equivalent resistance is:

Accepted Answer

Less than the resistance of any individual resistor

Answer

Greater than the resistance of any individual resistor

Answer

Equal to the sum of the individual resistances

Answer

Equal to the product of the individual resistances

Question 30

Design a transformer-based circuit to step up voltage from 12V to 240V. Explain the working principle of a transformer and calculate the required turns ratio for this voltage transformation.

Accepted Answer

A circuit with a transformer having a turns ratio of 20:1, connected in series with the load.

Answer

A circuit with a transformer having a turns ratio of 1:20, connected in series with the load.

Answer

A circuit with two transformers, each having a turns ratio of 10:1, connected in parallel.

Answer

A circuit with an autotransformer having a turns ratio of 1:20, connected across the load.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of a magnetic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Small cross-sectional area

Answer

Low reluctance

Answer

High permeability

Answer

Closed path

Question 32

Which of the following units is used to measure electric current?

Accepted Answer

Ampere

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Volt

Answer

Joule

Question 33

Which three variables are related by Ohm's law?

Accepted Answer

Voltage, current, and resistance

Answer

Power, voltage, and current

Answer

Resistance, inductance, and capacitance

Answer

Frequency, phase, and amplitude

Question 34

Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed loop in a circuit is:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Equal to the supply voltage

Answer

Equal to the voltage across the load

Answer

Equal to the power consumed in the circuit

Question 35

A series circuit is one in which the circuit elements are connected:

Accepted Answer

One after the other in a single path

Answer

In parallel with each other

Answer

In a bridge configuration

Answer

In a triangle configuration

Question 36

The frequency of an AC circuit is measured in:

Accepted Answer

Hertz

Answer

Ohms

Answer

Volts

Answer

Amperes

Question 37

The power factor of a circuit is a measure of its:

Accepted Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Current

Answer

Voltage

Answer

Resistance

Question 38

Which circuit analysis technique is suitable for analyzing circuits with multiple loops?

Accepted Answer

Mesh analysis

Answer

Nodal analysis

Answer

Superposition theorem

Answer

Thevenin's theorem

Question 39

What is the standard unit of electrical resistance?

Accepted Answer

Ohm

Answer

Volt

Answer

Ampere

Answer

Watt

Question 40

Which of the following is the SI unit of electric current?

Accepted Answer

Ampere

Answer

Volt

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Coulomb

Question 41

Ohm's law states that the voltage across a resistor is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the product of current and resistance

Answer

Directly proportional to the current flowing through it

Answer

Inversely proportional to the current flowing through it

Answer

Independent of the current flowing through it

Question 42

Which of the following circuit analysis techniques involves assigning a voltage to each node and solving the resulting system of equations?

Accepted Answer

Nodal analysis

Answer

Mesh analysis

Answer

Superposition theorem

Answer

Thevenin's theorem

Question 43

The power dissipated in a resistor is given by:

Accepted Answer

I^2R

Answer

VI

Answer

V^2/R

Answer

R/I^2

Question 44

Which of the following laws states that the algebraic sum of the currents entering a node is zero?

Accepted Answer

Kirchhoff's current law

Answer

Kirchhoff's voltage law

Answer

Ohm's law

Answer

Faraday's law

Question 45

The impedance of a capacitor is:

Accepted Answer

Inversely proportional to frequency

Answer

Directly proportional to frequency

Answer

Independent of frequency

Answer

Proportional to the square of frequency

Question 46

How can you reverse the direction of rotation of a three-phase induction motor?

Accepted Answer

Change the sequence of the phases in the stator windings.

Answer

Change the direction of the current in the rotor.

Answer

Change the polarity of the DC power supply.

Answer

Change the value of the capacitance in the capacitor start circuit.

Question 47

Which of the following **correctly** describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in a circuit?

Accepted Answer

V = I * R

Answer

I = V * R

Answer

R = V - I

Answer

V = I / R

Question 48

To determine node voltages in a complex circuit using nodal analysis, what are the key steps?

Accepted Answer

Establish a reference node, assign node voltages, and create equations using Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) at each non-reference node.

Answer

Apply voltage division to individual loops within the circuit.

Answer

Use mesh analysis to find loop currents, then calculate node voltages.

Answer

Measure node voltages directly with a voltmeter.

Question 49

In an RC circuit connected to a DC voltage source, the voltage across the capacitor exhibits an exponential change over time. Which equation accurately describes this change in voltage?

Accepted Answer

V = V0 * (1 - e^(-t/RC))

Answer

V = V0 * e^(-t/RC)

Answer

V = V0 * t/RC

Answer

V = V0

Question 50

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of electric current is the:

Accepted Answer

Ampere

Answer

Volt

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Watt

Question 51

According to Ohm's law, the current (I) flowing through a resistor is:

Accepted Answer

Directly proportional to the voltage (V) across it

Answer

Inversely proportional to the voltage (V) across it

Answer

Independent of the voltage (V) across it

Answer

Proportionally equal to the square of the voltage (V) across it

Question 52

In a series circuit, the total resistance (R_total) is:

Accepted Answer

The sum of the individual resistances (R_1, R_2, ..., R_n)

Answer

The average of the individual resistances (R_1, R_2, ..., R_n)

Answer

The product of the individual resistances (R_1, R_2, ..., R_n)

Answer

The difference between the individual resistances (R_1, R_2, ..., R_n)

Question 53

In a parallel circuit, the total current (I_total) is:

Accepted Answer

The sum of the individual currents (I_1, I_2, ..., I_n)

Answer

The average of the individual currents (I_1, I_2, ..., I_n)

Answer

The product of the individual currents (I_1, I_2, ..., I_n)

Answer

The difference between the individual currents (I_1, I_2, ..., I_n)

Question 54

The time constant (τ) of an RL circuit is defined as:

Accepted Answer

τ = L/R

Answer

τ = R/L

Answer

τ = RC

Answer

τ = LC

Question 55

Which of the following is the SI unit of electric current?

Accepted Answer

Ampere (A)

Answer

Coulomb (C)

Answer

Ohm (Ω)

Answer

Volt (V)

Question 56

In an electric circuit, the current through a resistor is directly proportional to:

Accepted Answer

Voltage across the resistor

Answer

Resistance of the resistor

Answer

Length of the resistor

Answer

Cross-sectional area of the resistor

Question 57

The power dissipated in a resistor is given by:

Accepted Answer

P = I^2 * R

Answer

P = R/V

Answer

P = V/R

Answer

P = I/R

Question 58

Which of the following is a non-linear circuit element?

Accepted Answer

Diode

Answer

Capacitor

Answer

Inductor

Answer

Resistor

Question 59

A capacitor stores electrical energy in its:

Accepted Answer

Electric field

Answer

Magnetic field

Answer

Chemical energy

Answer

Mechanical energy

Question 60

The standard international (SI) unit of electric current is the:

Accepted Answer

Ampere

Answer

Ohm

Answer

Coulomb

Answer

Volt

Question 61

Ohm's law relates:

Accepted Answer

Current, voltage, and resistance

Answer

Inductance, capacitance, and resistance

Answer

Power, energy, and frequency

Answer

Voltage, current, and capacitance

Question 62

In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each branch is:

Accepted Answer

Equal

Answer

Inversely proportional to the branch current

Answer

Proportional to the branch resistance

Answer

Dependent on the total circuit current

Question 63

The equivalent resistance of resistors connected in series is:

Accepted Answer

The sum of their individual resistances

Answer

The product of their individual resistances

Answer

The average of their individual resistances

Answer

The smallest of their individual resistances

Question 64

Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages around any closed loop in a circuit is:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Equal to the applied voltage

Answer

Proportional to the loop resistance

Answer

Equal to the current flowing through the loop