X-ray Diffraction: A Comprehensive Guide for Materials Science Students

Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of X-ray diffraction technique?

Accepted Answer

Electron diffraction

Answer

Powder diffraction

Answer

Single-crystal diffraction

Question 2

What is the primary function of a monochromator in an X-ray diffractometer?

Accepted Answer

To select X-rays of a specific wavelength

Answer

To focus the X-ray beam

Answer

To reduce background noise

Answer

To enhance diffraction peaks

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a type of crystal lattice structure?

Accepted Answer

Crystalline

Answer

Face-centered cubic (FCC)

Answer

Body-centered cubic (BCC)

Answer

Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)

Question 4

What is the primary purpose of Bragg's Law in X-ray diffraction?

Accepted Answer

To determine the crystal structure and interplanar spacing of a material

Answer

To identify the phase composition of a material

Answer

To measure the thickness of a thin film

Answer

To calculate the wavelength of the X-rays used

Question 5

What is the main function of a monochromator in an X-ray diffraction experiment?

Accepted Answer

To remove unwanted wavelengths from the X-ray beam

Answer

To increase the intensity of the X-ray beam

Answer

To focus the X-ray beam

Answer

To detect the diffracted X-rays

Question 6

What is the primary function of a scintillation detector in X-ray diffraction?

Accepted Answer

To convert X-rays into measurable electrical signals

Answer

To amplify the X-ray signal

Answer

To filter out unwanted radiation

Answer

To provide a visual representation of the diffraction pattern

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an application of X-ray diffraction in materials science?

Accepted Answer

Microscopy imaging

Answer

Phase identification

Answer

Texture analysis

Answer

Crack detection

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a typical source of X-rays used in X-ray diffraction?

Accepted Answer

Electron beam

Answer

Rotating anode X-ray tube

Answer

Synchrotron radiation

Answer

Sealed-tube X-ray source

Question 9

Reciprocal space in X-ray diffraction is:

Accepted Answer

A graphical representation where the reciprocal of the interplanar spacing is plotted

Answer

A mathematical space where the intensity of scattered X-rays is distributed

Answer

A three-dimensional representation of the diffraction pattern

Answer

A method for determining the symmetry of a crystal

Question 10

Copper has a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice structure.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 11

Sample preparation for powder X-ray diffraction often involves:

Accepted Answer

Grinding

Answer

Annealing

Answer

Sintering

Answer

Polishing

Question 12

In an X-ray diffractometer, the monochromator serves to:

Accepted Answer

Select X-rays of a specific wavelength

Answer

Focus the X-ray beam

Answer

Collimate the X-ray beam

Answer

Detect scattered X-rays

Question 13

Which of the following is a type of X-ray diffraction technique used to analyze polycrystalline samples?

Accepted Answer

Powder diffraction

Answer

Single-crystal diffraction

Answer

Thin-film diffraction

Answer

Neutron diffraction

Question 14

In a powder diffraction pattern, the positions of the peaks are determined by:

Accepted Answer

The spacing between crystal planes

Answer

The crystal structure of the sample

Answer

The chemical composition of the sample

Answer

The thickness of the sample

Question 15

Which crystal system is characterized by a unit cell with three equal sides and all angles equal to 90 degrees?

Accepted Answer

Cubic

Answer

Monoclinic

Answer

Tetragonal

Answer

Orthorhombic

Question 16

Which of the following is a common application of X-ray diffraction in materials science?

Accepted Answer

Phase identification and quantification

Answer

Mechanical testing

Answer

Surface characterization

Answer

Chemical analysis

Question 17

In a single-crystal diffraction experiment, the sample is rotated to collect data from different orientations. What is the primary reason for this rotation?

Accepted Answer

To obtain a complete data set for structure determination

Answer

To improve the signal-to-noise ratio

Answer

To reduce the effects of preferred orientation

Question 18

The resolution of an X-ray diffraction pattern is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

The wavelength of the X-rays and the size of the crystallites in the sample

Answer

The type of detector used and the duration of the experiment

Answer

The intensity of the X-rays and the temperature of the sample