Ideal Gas Behavior and Equations of State: Master Thermodynamics Concepts

Question 1

The equation of state for an ideal gas is:

Accepted Answer

PV = nRT

Answer

PV = nRT/V

Answer

V = nRT/P

Answer

P = nRT/V

Question 2

The specific heat capacity of an ideal gas at constant volume is:

Accepted Answer

C_v = (3/2)R

Answer

C_v = (5/2)R

Answer

C<sub>v</sub> = R

Answer

C<sub>v</sub> = 2R

Question 3

The compressibility factor (Z) is used to quantify the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behavior. For which of the following gases is Z typically greater than 1 at high pressures?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Hydrogen

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Nitrogen

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the Joule-Thomson coefficient is true?

Accepted Answer

It is a measure of the change in temperature of a gas as it expands through a throttle valve at constant enthalpy.

Answer

It is always positive for all gases.

Answer

It is related to the gas's internal energy and specific heat capacity.

Answer

It is used to calculate the work done by a gas in an adiabatic process.

Question 5

Which characteristic is specific to an ideal gas?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles have negligible intermolecular forces.

Answer

Gas particles have a significant volume.

Answer

Gas particles collide elastically with each other.

Answer

Gas particles obey the Boltzmann distribution.

Question 6

The ideal gas equation of state is expressed as:

Accepted Answer

PV = nRT

Answer

PV^2 = nRT

Answer

PV = nR^2T

Answer

P^2V = nRT

Question 7

A gas has a volume of 10 L at a temperature of 300 K. If the temperature increases to 400 K while the pressure remains constant, what is its new volume?

Accepted Answer

15 L

Answer

5 L

Answer

10 L

Answer

20 L

Question 8

Identify the real gas that deviates from ideal gas behavior at high pressures and low temperatures:

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Helium

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Hydrogen

Question 9

The critical temperature of a gas is the temperature above which it cannot be liquefied by pressure alone.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 10

The compressibility factor (Z) measures the deviation of a real gas from ideal behavior.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 11

Which statement about ideal gases is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Their molecules completely do not interact with each other.

Answer

They obey the ideal gas law PV = nRT.

Answer

Their molecules have negligible volume.

Answer

They can significantly deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures.

Question 12

According to Boyle's law, at constant temperature, the pressure of an ideal gas sample is directly proportional to:

Accepted Answer

Volume

Answer

Amount of gas

Answer

Molecular weight

Answer

Gravitational field strength

Question 13

Which equation represents Charles's law, which relates the volume and temperature of an ideal gas?

Accepted Answer

V/T = constant

Answer

PV = constant

Answer

P/T = constant

Answer

V/P = constant

Question 14

Which condition is not necessary for applying the combined gas law?

Accepted Answer

High temperature

Answer

Constant amount of gas

Answer

No chemical reactions

Answer

Moderate pressure

Question 15

The equation of state for a non-ideal gas is more complex than the ideal gas law because it:

Accepted Answer

Accounts for intermolecular forces

Answer

Includes a term for molecular volume

Answer

Is dependent on the gas's purity

Answer

Requires knowledge of the gas's specific heat capacity

Question 16

The specific gas constant for a gas is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The universal gas constant divided by the gas's molar mass

Answer

The universal gas constant divided by the gas's molecular weight

Answer

The gas's molar specific heat capacity multiplied by the universal gas constant

Answer

The gas's molecular weight divided by the universal gas constant

Question 17

Which of the following gases deviates most significantly from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Helium

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Nitrogen

Question 18

Which of the following assumptions of the ideal gas model is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Intermolecular forces play a significant role in gas behavior.

Answer

Gas particles have negligible volume compared to the total volume they occupy.

Answer

Gas particles are constantly moving randomly.

Answer

The average kinetic energy of gas particles is proportional to the absolute temperature.

Question 19

The Ideal Gas Law is expressed as:

Accepted Answer

PV = nRT

Answer

P/V = nRT

Answer

V/T = nR

Answer

n/P = RT

Question 20

Which of the following gases has the greatest molar volume at the same temperature and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Helium

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 21

The Boyle temperature is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The temperature at which a gas significantly deviates from ideal behavior.

Answer

The temperature at which the gas liquefies.

Answer

The temperature at which a gas has zero volume.

Answer

The temperature at which a gas has infinite pressure.

Question 22

The reduced pressure of a gas is:

Accepted Answer

The pressure of the gas divided by its critical pressure.

Answer

The pressure of the gas divided by its Boyle pressure.

Answer

The pressure of the gas divided by its atmospheric pressure.

Answer

The pressure of the gas divided by its ideal gas pressure.

Question 23

The dimensionless parameter used to characterize the behavior of real gases is:

Accepted Answer

Z-factor

Answer

Joule-Thomson coefficient

Answer

Isentropic exponent

Answer

Virial coefficient

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the ideal gas model?

Accepted Answer

Molecules have finite volume

Answer

Negligible intermolecular forces

Answer

Constant specific heat capacities

Answer

Absence of chemical reactions

Question 25

The equation of state for an ideal gas is given by:

Accepted Answer

PV = nRT

Answer

PV^2 = nRT

Answer

PV = nRT/V

Answer

PV/T = nR

Question 26

The pressure of an ideal gas sample is doubled at constant temperature. What happens to the volume?

Accepted Answer

Halves

Answer

Doubles

Answer

Increases by a factor of 4

Answer

Remains the same

Question 27

Which of the following processes is isobaric?

Accepted Answer

Constant pressure

Answer

Constant volume

Answer

Constant temperature

Answer

Adiabatic

Question 28

What is the main significance of the critical point on a phase diagram for a pure substance?

Accepted Answer

The critical point represents the conditions where the liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable.

Answer

The critical point indicates the temperature at which the substance exists only as a solid.

Answer

The critical point signifies the pressure at which the substance boils at room temperature.

Answer

The critical point represents the highest possible temperature the substance can reach.

Question 29

Which assumption of the ideal gas model is violated when gas particles have a significant volume compared to the volume of the container?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles have negligible volume

Answer

Gas particles do not interact except during collisions

Answer

Collisions between gas particles are perfectly elastic

Answer

Gas particles are in constant random motion

Question 30

The ideal gas equation is PV = nRT. What does 'R' represent in this equation?

Accepted Answer

Universal gas constant

Answer

Volume

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Temperature

Question 31

Which property distinguishes real gases from ideal gases, particularly at high pressures and low temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Deviations from ideal behavior due to intermolecular forces and finite molecular volume

Answer

Different rates of diffusion

Answer

Varying molar masses

Answer

Changes in color

Question 32

According to Charles's law, how does the volume of an ideal gas vary with temperature at constant pressure?

Accepted Answer

Volume is directly proportional to temperature

Answer

Volume is inversely proportional to temperature

Answer

Volume is independent of temperature

Answer

Volume is inversely proportional to the square of temperature

Question 33

Which unit is used to measure pressure in the SI system?

Accepted Answer

Pascal (Pa)

Answer

Joule (J)

Answer

Pound per square inch (psi)

Answer

Atmosphere (atm)

Question 34

What is the volume occupied by 1 mole of an ideal gas at standard temperature (273 K) and pressure (1 atm)?

Accepted Answer

22.4 liters

Answer

33.6 liters

Answer

44.8 liters

Answer

11.2 liters

Question 35

Which application utilizes the ideal gas law to determine an unknown property of a gas?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the mass of a gas sample from its volume, pressure, and temperature

Answer

Measuring the speed of sound

Answer

Predicting the outcome of chemical reactions

Answer

Designing refrigeration systems

Question 36

Which assumption of the ideal gas model states that the molecules have negligible volume?

Accepted Answer

The ideal gas model assumes that the molecules have negligible volume

Answer

The ideal gas model assumes that the collisions between molecules are elastic

Answer

The ideal gas model assumes that the molecules move randomly

Answer

The ideal gas model assumes that the average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to the absolute temperature

Question 37

The critical temperature of a gas is the

Accepted Answer

Temperature above which the gas cannot be liquefied by pressure alone

Answer

Temperature at which the gas has the highest compression ratio

Answer

Temperature at which the gas has the same density as its liquid phase

Question 38

The compressibility factor of a gas is a measure of its

Accepted Answer

Deviation from ideal behavior

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Question 39

Which of the following is an application of the ideal gas law in engineering?

Accepted Answer

Designing air conditioning systems

Answer

Predicting the weather

Answer

Analyzing chemical reactions

Answer

Characterizing materials

Question 40

The root-mean-square velocity of an ideal gas is proportional to the

Accepted Answer

Square root of temperature

Answer

Molecular weight

Answer

Volume

Answer

Pressure