Genetic Engineering: Unlocking the Power of Gene Editing and Modification

Question 1

In genetic engineering, what is the primary function of a vector?

Accepted Answer

To transport foreign DNA into the host cell

Answer

To replicate the foreign DNA

Answer

To transcribe the foreign DNA into RNA

Answer

To protect the foreign DNA from degradation

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying a specific region of DNA

Answer

Sequencing DNA

Answer

Cloning genes

Answer

Detecting mutations

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a potential application of genetic engineering in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Producing genetically modified crops that are resistant to pests and diseases

Answer

Developing personalized therapies based on an individual's genetic profile

Answer

Creating genetically modified animals for organ transplantation

Question 4

Which step is NOT involved in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying the cloned DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Isolating DNA from the source organism

Answer

Digesting DNA with restriction enzymes

Answer

Ligating DNA fragments into a plasmid

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for inserting a foreign gene into a vector?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 6

Which technique is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA region?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Restriction enzyme digestion

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 7

What is the definition of a transgenic organism?

Accepted Answer

An organism with genes from another species

Answer

An organism with a modified genome

Answer

An organism that has been cloned

Answer

An organism that has been genetically engineered to produce a specific protein.

Question 8

What is a molecule that can recognise and bind to a specific sequence of DNA called?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid probe

Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

Primer

Answer

Vector

Question 9

Genetic engineering faces inherent challenges. Which of the following is a primary concern?

Accepted Answer

Unpredictability of long-term effects due to biological complexity

Answer

Shortage of qualified professionals

Answer

Lack of public knowledge and understanding

Answer

Excessive production expenses

Question 10

Which crucial step in recombinant DNA technology involves enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme digestion

Answer

Extraction of target DNA

Answer

Amplification of target DNA

Answer

Ligation of DNA fragments

Question 11

What is the primary function of plasmids in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Storing and carrying foreign DNA

Answer

Transmitting foreign DNA into cells

Answer

Expressing foreign genes

Answer

Regulating the expression of foreign genes

Question 12

Identify the technique used to isolate and select cells that have successfully incorporated modified DNA.

Accepted Answer

Cell sorting

Answer

PCR

Answer

Western blotting

Answer

Immunofluorescence

Question 13

Which key advantage of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) makes it valuable for DNA amplification?

Accepted Answer

Highly specific and sensitive amplification

Answer

Large-scale production of DNA

Answer

Rapid and accurate DNA replication

Answer

Low cost and accessible implementation

Question 14

Which of the following applications is NOT typically associated with genetic engineering in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing athletic performance

Answer

Developing vaccines and therapies

Answer

Improving genetic disorder diagnostics

Answer

Creating personalized treatments based on individual genomes

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of gene silencing techniques like RNA interference (RNAi) in genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

Suppressing the expression of specific genes

Answer

Modifying the structure of target genes

Answer

Amplifying gene expression

Answer

Introducing new genes into cells

Question 16

Who is credited with pioneering the development of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Stanley N. Cohen

Answer

James D. Watson

Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Question 17

In genetic engineering, which enzyme is primarily responsible for cutting DNA at specific restriction sites?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Nuclease

Answer

Ligase

Question 18

Which technique is used to generate multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 19

In the field of medicine, genetic engineering is used to develop and produce:

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic proteins

Answer

Creation of biofuels

Answer

Improved crop yields

Question 20

What is the primary function of a selectable marker in the context of gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

To select for cells that have successfully taken up the cloning vector

Answer

To cut DNA at specific restriction sites

Answer

To amplify the gene of interest

Question 21

In genetic engineering, which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Restriction digestion

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT considered a potential risk associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Accepted Answer

Improved crop yields

Answer

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Answer

Allergic reactions

Answer

Gene transfer to non-target organisms

Question 23

In genetic engineering, promoters play a crucial role in:

Accepted Answer

Controlling the expression of genes

Answer

Amplifying the gene of interest

Answer

Terminating transcription