Nutritional Biochemistry: Essential Nutrients, Metabolism, and Health

Question 1

Which of the following is considered a micronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 2

Which vitamin is required for the synthesis of collagen, a protein important for connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin K

Question 3

The process by which the body converts excess glucose into glycogen for storage is known as:

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Lipogenesis

Question 4

Deficiency of which vitamin can lead to night blindness?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 5

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Question 6

Which of the following is a macronutrient primarily used by the body for energy?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Minerals

Answer

Enzymes

Question 7

The process of breaking down dietary proteins into usable amino acids is known as:

Accepted Answer

Digestion

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Detoxification

Question 8

Which of the following vitamins is soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 9

The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) is based on:

Accepted Answer

The minimum daily intake to prevent deficiency

Answer

The average daily intake of the general population

Answer

The optimal daily intake for maximum health

Answer

The highest tolerable daily intake without adverse effects

Question 10

Which of the following is a primary function of enzymes in nutritional biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing metabolic reactions

Answer

Transporting nutrients across cell membranes

Answer

Storing energy in the form of ATP

Answer

Synthesizing new macronutrients

Question 11

The main storage form of carbohydrate in the body is:

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Starch

Answer

Fructose

Answer

Sucrose

Question 12

Which of the following dietary sources is a major provider of essential fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Fish and seafood

Answer

Meat and poultry

Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Whole grains

Question 13

The process of eliminating nitrogenous waste is known as:

Accepted Answer

Excretion

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Proteolysis

Question 14

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is typically provided as:

Accepted Answer

A range of values

Answer

A single value

Answer

A minimum value

Answer

A maximum value

Question 15

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Providing structural support

Answer

Acting as enzyme co-factors

Answer

Supporting immune function

Question 16

Which of the following vitamins is primarily stored in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 17

What is the co-enzyme form of niacin?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Answer

NADP+

Answer

FAD

Answer

FMN

Question 18

Which of the following is a common symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Answer

Scurvy

Answer

Night blindness

Answer

Rickets

Question 19

What is the precursor molecule for the synthesis of vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

7-Dehydrocholesterol

Answer

Cholesterol

Answer

Carotene

Answer

Cholecalciferol

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of minerals in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Bone and teeth formation

Answer

Acting as enzyme co-factors

Answer

Hormone regulation

Question 21

Which of the following statements about malnutrition is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition is solely caused by a lack of food intake.

Answer

Malnutrition is a significant global health issue.

Answer

Malnutrition can impair cognitive development.

Answer

Malnutrition is both preventable and treatable.

Question 22

A deficiency in thiamin (vitamin B1) can lead to which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Beriberi

Answer

Scurvy

Answer

Rickets

Answer

Pellagra

Question 23

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of starch into glucose in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic amylase

Answer

Lactase

Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Lipase

Question 24

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To generate ATP from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2

Answer

To break down glucose into pyruvate

Answer

To synthesize fatty acids

Question 25

A patient presents with symptoms of fatigue, muscle weakness, and impaired glucose tolerance.  Which nutrient deficiency is most likely causing these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Chromium

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Iodine

Answer

Vitamin A

Question 26

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of dietary fiber in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Fiber promotes satiety, regulates bowel function, and lowers cholesterol levels.

Answer

Fiber is a primary source of energy for the body.

Answer

Fiber is readily digested and absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 27

A patient with a high intake of saturated fat is at an increased risk of developing which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Rickets

Answer

Pernicious anemia

Answer

Scurvy

Question 28

Which of the following processes is directly involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

HMG-CoA reductase

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 29

What is the primary role of the liver in the metabolism of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

To regulate blood glucose levels through glycogen synthesis and breakdown

Answer

To produce bile salts for fat digestion

Answer

To synthesize essential fatty acids

Question 30

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of 'essential amino acids'?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

Answer

Amino acids that are most abundant in protein sources.

Answer

Amino acids that are required for the synthesis of hormones and enzymes.

Question 31

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin D may experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults

Answer

Night blindness

Answer

Pernicious anemia

Answer

Beriberi