Introduction to Pharmacology: Master the Basics of Drug Action

Question 1

Which subfield of pharmacology focuses on the interactions between drugs and their receptors?

Accepted Answer

Pharmacodynamics

Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Answer

Pharmacognosy

Answer

Toxicology

Question 2

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for most antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Interfering with cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibiting DNA replication

Answer

Targeting ribosome function

Answer

Blocking ion channels

Question 3

Which of the following drug types binds to a receptor and blocks its activation?

Accepted Answer

Antagonist

Answer

Agonist

Answer

Inverse agonist

Answer

Partial agonist

Question 4

What does 'Cmax' represent in pharmacokinetics?

Accepted Answer

Maximum plasma concentration of a drug

Answer

Time to reach maximum plasma concentration

Answer

Half-life of a drug

Answer

Area under the plasma concentration-time curve

Question 5

What is the volume of distribution a measure of?

Accepted Answer

Total amount of drug in the body

Answer

Concentration of drug in the blood

Answer

Amount of drug that has been metabolized

Answer

Amount of drug that has been excreted

Question 6

What does 't1/2' represent in pharmacokinetics?

Accepted Answer

Time taken for the drug concentration to decrease by 50%

Answer

Time to reach maximum plasma concentration

Answer

Maximum plasma concentration of a drug

Answer

Area under the plasma concentration-time curve

Question 7

Which parameter measures the highest possible response to a drug?

Accepted Answer

Emax

Answer

EC50

Answer

KD

Question 8

What is the term used to describe the pathway a drug takes through the body, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Answer

Pharmacodynamics

Answer

Toxicology

Answer

Pharmacognosy

Question 9

What type of drug interaction occurs when one drug reduces the effectiveness of another?

Accepted Answer

Antagonism

Answer

Synergism

Answer

Potentiation

Answer

Additivity

Question 10

Which route of drug administration involves delivering the drug directly to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Topical

Question 11

What is the primary objective of clinical pharmacology?

Accepted Answer

To determine the safety and effectiveness of drugs in humans

Answer

To discover new drugs

Answer

To understand the basic mechanisms of drug action

Answer

To develop new drug formulations

Question 12

How do agonists and antagonists differ in their effects on receptors?

Accepted Answer

Agonists activate receptors, while antagonists block them

Answer

Agonists bind to receptors, while antagonists do not

Answer

Antagonists are more likely to produce side effects than agonists

Answer

Agonists are always more potent than antagonists

Question 13

What is the term used to describe the study of the harmful effects of drugs?

Accepted Answer

Toxicology

Answer

Pharmacology

Answer

Pharmacodynamics

Answer

Pharmacokinetics

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of drug-receptor interaction?

Accepted Answer

Neutralism

Answer

Agonism

Answer

Antagonism

Answer

Competitive antagonism

Question 15

In pharmacokinetics, which process involves the movement of drugs from the site of administration into the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Absorption

Answer

Distribution

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Excretion

Question 16

What is the term for the delay between drug administration and the onset of its effects?

Accepted Answer

Latency

Answer

Duration

Answer

Intensity

Answer

Peak

Question 17

True or False: Pharmacodynamics is the study of how the body responds to drugs.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 18

What is the primary role of the liver in drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Both phase I and phase II metabolism

Answer

Phase I metabolism

Answer

Phase II metabolism

Answer

Neither phase I nor phase II metabolism

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an example of a CYP450 enzyme?

Accepted Answer

CYP5000

Answer

CYP1A2

Answer

CYP3A4

Answer

CYP2D6

Question 20

Define therapeutic index and explain its significance in pharmacology.

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic index = Minimum effective dose / Maximum tolerated dose

Answer

Therapeutic index = Maximum tolerated dose / Minimum effective dose

Answer

Therapeutic index is not a relevant concept in pharmacology

Answer

Therapeutic index is the same as the safety margin

Question 21

The time it takes for a drug to reach its peak concentration in the body is known as:

Accepted Answer

Time to maximum concentration (Tmax)

Answer

Volume of distribution

Answer

Half-life

Question 22

Which of the following drugs is an example of a competitive antagonist of the beta-adrenergic receptor?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Atropine

Question 23

The most frequent adverse effect associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is:

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal upset

Answer

Neurological toxicity

Answer

Hepatic toxicity

Answer

Cardiovascular toxicity