Cognitive Changes in Aging: Enhance Your Understanding with Interactive Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is a common characteristic of cognitive changes that occur with ageing?

Accepted Answer

A decline in processing speed

Answer

An increase in working memory capacity

Question 2

Which brain region is primarily involved in attentional control?

Accepted Answer

Frontal cortex

Answer

Parietal cortex

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 3

The ability to suppress inappropriate responses is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive control

Answer

Working memory

Answer

Attention

Answer

Executive function

Question 4

What is the term for the gradual loss of neurons in certain brain regions associated with age?

Accepted Answer

Neuronal apoptosis

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Synaptogenesis

Answer

Dementia

Question 5

What is the term for the ability to switch between different tasks or mental sets?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive flexibility

Answer

Selective attention

Answer

Inhibition

Answer

Working memory

Question 6

Episodic memory refers to the ability to recall:

Accepted Answer

Specific events

Answer

General knowledge

Answer

Skills and procedures

Answer

Emotions

Question 7

Identify the cognitive change that is **not** typically associated with ageing:

Accepted Answer

Increase in sustained attention

Answer

Decline in working memory

Answer

Slowed processing speed

Answer

Reduced problem-solving abilities

Question 8

The hippocampus, crucial for memory formation, generally shows:

Accepted Answer

Decreased volume in older adults

Answer

Increased volume in older adults

Answer

Unchanged volume in older adults

Answer

Increased activity in older adults

Question 9

The term 'fluid intelligence' primarily refers to:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive abilities that tend to decline with age

Answer

Cognitive abilities that remain relatively stable with age

Answer

Cognitive abilities that enhance with age

Answer

Cognitive abilities unaffected by age

Question 10

The 'Healthy Ageing' model of cognitive ageing posits that:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive decline can be minimized or postponed by adhering to a healthy lifestyle

Answer

Cognitive decline is an unavoidable aspect of ageing

Answer

Cognitive decline stems from a single genetic factor

Answer

Cognitive decline is predominantly driven by social factors

Question 11

The term 'mild cognitive impairment' (MCI) refers to:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive difficulties that are more pronounced than normal ageing but fall short of the criteria for dementia

Answer

A normal part of ageing

Answer

A type of dementia that exclusively affects memory

Answer

A stage of cognitive decline that inevitably progresses to dementia

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is known to play a crucial role in attention and memory processes?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 13

The 'frontal lobe' of the brain is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Decision-making and problem-solving

Answer

Memory

Answer

Motor control

Answer

Emotion regulation

Question 14

Which of the following is an ethical consideration in research on cognitive changes in ageing?

Accepted Answer

Respect for participant autonomy

Accepted Answer

Protection from harm

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Financial gain

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a lifestyle factor that can be modified to influence cognitive aging?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Diet

Answer

Exercise

Answer

Sleep

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a common cognitive change associated with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Improvement in problem-solving abilities

Answer

Gradual decline in short-term memory

Answer

Increased difficulty with attention and concentration

Answer

Reduced verbal fluency

Question 17

Which brain structure plays a critical role in memory formation and retrieval?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 18

True or False: Fluid intelligence, which involves abilities such as reasoning and problem-solving, tends to decline with age.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 19

True or False: Cognitive impairment in older adults is always indicative of dementia.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 20

Which of the following is true about cognitive reserve?

Accepted Answer

People with more education and mentally stimulating activities have better cognitive performance.

Answer

People with less brain volume have better cognitive performance.

Answer

People with a higher risk of dementia have better cognitive performance.

Question 21

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with memory function and undergoes age-related decline?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Endorphin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 22

Which type of memory typically exhibits the most significant decline in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Implicit memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Question 23

Which compensatory strategy is commonly employed by older adults to minimize the impact of cognitive decline?

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal and elaboration techniques

Answer

Lifestyle modifications

Answer

Pharmacological interventions

Answer

Cognitive stimulation therapy

Question 24

What type of research design is frequently utilized to investigate cognitive changes across the lifespan?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal study

Answer

Meta-analysis

Answer

Case-control study

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Question 25

Which cognitive ability tends to remain relatively stable throughout adulthood and into older age?

Accepted Answer

Crystallised intelligence

Answer

Spatial reasoning

Answer

Fluid intelligence

Answer

Working memory

Question 26

What is the concept of 'cognitive reserve' primarily associated with?

Accepted Answer

The brain's capacity to withstand the effects of ageing and maintain cognitive function

Answer

The use of compensatory strategies by older adults

Answer

The amount of prior knowledge and experience an individual accumulates

Question 27

What term describes the gradual reduction in cognitive processing speed that accompanies ageing?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive slowing

Answer

Cognitive inflexibility

Answer

Cognitive decline

Answer

Cognitive flexibility

Question 28

Which brain region plays a significant role in attentional processes and undergoes age-related decline?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe