Health and Ageing: A Comprehensive Guide for University Students

Question 1

According to the World Health Organization, which of the following is not a characteristic of healthy ageing?

Accepted Answer

Accepting decline as inevitable

Answer

Maintaining intrinsic capacity

Answer

Avoiding disease

Answer

Participating in society

Question 2

Which social factor has a positive impact on health and well-being in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Social integration and support

Answer

Financial instability

Answer

Isolation

Answer

Ageism

Question 3

How does psychological well-being contribute to health in older adults?

Accepted Answer

It can promote overall health and longevity

Answer

It has no significant influence

Answer

It can worsen chronic health conditions

Answer

It primarily affects cognitive function

Question 4

Which theory suggests that ageing is a natural, genetically programmed process?

Accepted Answer

Programmed Theory of Ageing

Answer

Disposable Soma Theory of Ageing

Answer

Error Catastrophe Theory of Ageing

Answer

Free Radical Theory of Ageing

Question 5

What term describes the diminished capacity of cells to divide as we age?

Accepted Answer

Replicative senescence

Answer

Oxidative stress

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Mitochondrial dysfunction

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a major chronic disease associated with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Answer

Heart disease

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 7

The process of ageing is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Weakened immune function

Answer

Increased cell division

Answer

Enhanced cognitive abilities

Answer

Improved physical endurance

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive impairment commonly associated with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Cataracts

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

Question 9

The gradual decline in cellular function and overall physiological health over time is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Senescence

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 10

Which psychological trait has been consistently associated with improved health outcomes and well-being in older age?

Accepted Answer

Optimism

Answer

Pessimism

Answer

Neuroticism

Answer

Extraversion

Question 11

The 'frailty index' is a tool used to assess:

Accepted Answer

Physical frailty

Answer

Cognitive impairment

Answer

Social isolation

Answer

Multi-morbidity

Question 12

Which of the following is a key physiological change associated with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Reduced bone mineral density

Answer

Increased cell proliferation

Answer

Enhanced muscle mass

Answer

Improved cognitive function

Question 13

What is the term for the increased coexistence of multiple chronic diseases in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Multimorbidity

Answer

Geriatric syndrome

Answer

Frailty

Answer

Sarcopenia

Question 14

Which of the following is a key element in the comprehensive assessment of health in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Comprehensive geriatric assessment

Answer

Focus solely on disease-specific symptoms

Answer

Reliance exclusively on self-reported measures

Answer

Examination of physical health only

Question 15

What is the primary aim of health promotion interventions tailored towards older adults?

Accepted Answer

Optimisation of functional capacity

Answer

Prevention of age-related diseases

Answer

Extension of life expectancy

Answer

Reduction of healthcare expenditure

Question 16

Which ethical principle should guide decision-making in the care of older adults?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 17

Which theory proposes that chronic inflammation is a key factor in the development of multiple age-related diseases?

Accepted Answer

Inflamma-ageing theory

Answer

Senescence theory

Answer

Mitochondrial theory

Answer

Telomere theory

Question 18

Loneliness is a common psychological challenge faced by older adults that can negatively impact their health.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 19

Which social factor has been shown to be protective against health decline in older adults?

Accepted Answer

High education

Answer

Social isolation

Answer

Limited education

Answer

Low income

Question 20

The concept of 'ageing in place' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Living independently in one's own home for as long as possible

Answer

Moving to age-restricted communities for older adults

Answer

Receiving comprehensive care in nursing homes

Answer

Relocating to warmer climates for health reasons

Question 21

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Tobacco smoking

Answer

Age

Answer

Gender

Answer

Family history

Question 22

What is the fundamental principle of person-centered care in ageing?

Accepted Answer

Tailoring interventions to individual needs, preferences, and values

Answer

Maximizing functional independence

Answer

Reducing healthcare costs

Answer

Preventing or delaying institutionalization

Question 23

Which chronic disease is the leading cause of death among older adults in the UK?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Dementia

Question 24

Which chronic condition is the primary cause of disability among older adults worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Dementia

Question 25

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), which of the following is NOT a key component of healthy ageing?

Accepted Answer

Tobacco use

Answer

Physical activity

Answer

Nutritional well-being

Answer

Cognitive stimulation

Question 26

Which psychological factor has been associated with improved health outcomes in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Optimism

Answer

Loneliness

Answer

Anxiety

Answer

Depression

Question 27

Which type of healthcare approach is most effective in promoting healthy ageing?

Accepted Answer

Preventative care

Answer

Acute care

Answer

Palliative care

Answer

Rehabilitative care

Question 28

Which ethical principle is of paramount importance in providing care to older adults?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 29

Which research method is best suited to explore the complexities of health and ageing?

Accepted Answer

Mixed methods research

Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Quantitative research

Answer

Systematic review

Question 30

What is the primary objective of geriatric medicine?

Accepted Answer

To prevent and manage age-related health conditions

Answer

To provide end-of-life care

Answer

To diagnose and treat acute illnesses in older adults

Answer

To conduct research on ageing

Question 31

How does the prevalence of chronic diseases generally change with age?

Accepted Answer

Increases

Answer

Decreases

Answer

Remains stable

Answer

Varies significantly between different older adult populations

Question 32

What is the concept of 'successful ageing' primarily concerned with?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining a high quality of life despite health challenges

Answer

Living without chronic diseases

Answer

Avoiding cognitive decline

Answer

Achieving financial security in later life

Question 33

What is the term for the decline in immune function that occurs with age?

Accepted Answer

Immunosenescence

Answer

Immunosenility

Answer

Immunodepression

Answer

Immunodeficiency

Question 34

What is the process by which individuals actively seek out and comprehend health-related information called?

Accepted Answer

Health literacy

Answer

Health numeracy

Answer

Patient education

Answer

Health promotion

Question 35

How does the immune system generally change with age?

Accepted Answer

It weakens and becomes less responsive

Answer

It strengthens and becomes more responsive

Answer

It remains unchanged

Answer

It undergoes significant alterations in B cell function

Question 36

Which healthcare model prioritizes preserving function and independence in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Geriatric care model

Answer

Acute care model

Answer

Chronic care model

Answer

Palliative care model

Question 37

What is the primary goal of frailty screening in older adults?

Accepted Answer

To identify individuals at risk for adverse health outcomes

Answer

To provide early intervention and support

Answer

To reduce healthcare costs

Answer

To improve end-of-life care

Question 38

How does the prevalence of dementia change as we age?

Accepted Answer

It increases exponentially with age

Answer

It increases linearly with age

Answer

It remains relatively stable until very old age

Answer

It decreases with age

Question 39

The biological theory of ageing proposes that ageing is primarily driven by:

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of cellular damage

Answer

Environmental factors

Answer

Behavioural factors

Answer

Social factors

Question 40

Frailty in older adults refers to:

Accepted Answer

A state of increased vulnerability to stressors

Answer

A specific disease or condition

Answer

A predictor of decreased mortality

Answer

An indicator of excellent health

Question 41

The multidisciplinary approach to healthcare for older adults involves:

Accepted Answer

Collaboration between different healthcare professionals

Answer

Focusing solely on acute medical conditions

Answer

Excluding the role of family and caregivers

Answer

Prioritising treatment of chronic diseases

Question 42

The salutogenic model of health focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Factors that promote health and well-being

Answer

Factors that cause disease

Answer

The biological basis of ageing

Answer

The social determinants of health

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a common chronic disease affecting older adults?

Accepted Answer

Acne

Answer

Arthritis

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Heart failure

Question 44

How does the immune system typically change with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Weakened response to infections

Answer

Enhanced response to infections

Answer

Increased production of autoantibodies

Answer

No significant change

Question 45

What is the term used to describe a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the healthcare of older adults?

Accepted Answer

Geriatrics

Answer

Pediatrics

Answer

Cardiology

Answer

Geriontology

Question 46

What is the leading cause of death in older adults in the UK?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Respiratory disease

Question 47

What is the primary focus of geriatrics?

Accepted Answer

The study and care of older adults

Answer

The prevention of chronic diseases in older adults

Answer

The social and psychological aspects of ageing

Answer

The economic impact of ageing

Question 48

How does the concept of 'successful ageing' relate to the unit's focus on health and ageing?

Accepted Answer

(B) It emphasizes the importance of maintaining physical and mental well-being in later life.

Answer

(A) It suggests that ageing is inevitably accompanied by decline.

Answer

(C) It advocates for ageism and isolation of older adults.

Answer

(D) It is an outdated concept that is no longer relevant.

Question 49

Which research methods are commonly used to study health and ageing?

Accepted Answer

(D) A and C

Answer

(A) Longitudinal studies

Answer

(B) Cross-sectional studies

Answer

(C) Qualitative interviews

Question 50

How does the ageing of the population impact healthcare systems?

Accepted Answer

(A) It places a higher demand on healthcare services.

Answer

(B) It leads to a decrease in healthcare costs.

Answer

(C) It has no significant impact on healthcare systems.

Answer

(D) It reduces the need for healthcare professionals.