Physiological Changes in Ageing: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

How does ageing affect lung function?

Accepted Answer

Reduced compliance means lungs become stiffer.

Answer

Vital capacity increases.

Answer

Gas exchange efficiency remains the same.

Answer

Airway resistance decreases.

Question 2

Which type of immune cell exhibits a decline in function with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells

Answer

Regulatory T cells

Answer

Natural killer cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is known to play a significant role in cognitive decline during ageing?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 4

Which interdisciplinary field integrates knowledge from various disciplines to address the challenges and opportunities of ageing?

Accepted Answer

Gerontology

Answer

Geriatrics

Answer

Geriatric nursing

Answer

Social work

Question 5

The process of cells undergoing programmed death in response to ageing is termed:

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Autophagy

Answer

Mitophagy

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced metabolic rate

Answer

Increased risk of falls

Answer

Reduced functional capacity

Answer

Impaired balance and coordination

Question 7

How does ageing affect the immune system's T-cell and B-cell functions, and what are the consequences for immunity and response to vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Ageing weakens T-cell and B-cell functions, leading to reduced immunity and vaccine effectiveness.

Answer

Ageing enhances T-cell and B-cell production, boosting immunity.

Answer

Ageing has little impact on T-cell and B-cell functions, with no significant consequences for immunity.

Answer

Ageing only affects T-cell and B-cell functions in response to certain infections.

Question 8

What is the primary function of the respiratory system during ageing?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Temperature regulation

Answer

Immune defence

Answer

Fluid balance

Question 9

Which immune system cell type is primarily responsible for engulfing foreign particles in the elderly?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Eosinophils

Question 10

What is the primary hormone regulating blood glucose levels in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 11

Which theory suggests that ageing results from the accumulation of cellular damage?

Accepted Answer

Free Radical Theory

Answer

Evolutionary Theory

Answer

Programmed Theory

Answer

Immune Theory

Question 12

Which of the following factors is NOT considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Low cholesterol levels

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Physical inactivity

Question 13

To what extent do genetics influence the rate and pattern of physiological ageing?

Accepted Answer

Genetics contributes to variations in physiological ageing among individuals, but other factors also play a role.

Answer

Genetics plays a minor role in shaping the pace and trajectory of physiological ageing.

Answer

Genetics is the primary determinant of the rate and pattern of physiological ageing.

Answer

Genetic influences on ageing are highly unpredictable.

Question 14

What's the key difference between normal aging and age-related diseases?

Accepted Answer

Normal aging involves gradual changes across the body, while diseases cause faster, specific problems.

Answer

Diseases affect all body systems equally, while normal aging mainly impacts the heart.

Answer

Normal aging can be reversed, but diseases are permanent.

Answer

Diseases involve major changes in cells, but normal aging doesn't.

Question 15

Identify a common physiological change associated with ageing:

Accepted Answer

Decrease in muscle mass

Answer

Enhanced bone density

Answer

Accelerated metabolism

Question 16

Identify a factor that does NOT contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease in older adults:

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Tobacco use

Answer

High cholesterol levels

Answer

Elevated blood pressure

Question 17

Which brain region is primarily involved in memory and learning and experiences significant changes with ageing?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 18

Which type of dementia is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 19

Identify a potential adverse effect of decreased physical activity in older adults:

Accepted Answer

Loss of muscle mass

Answer

Increased bone density

Answer

Improved cardiovascular outcomes

Answer

Minimized risk of falls

Question 20

Which vitamin is crucial for maintaining healthy bones and is often deficient in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin E