Solutions: Types, Solubility, Concentration, and Colligative Properties

Question 1

Which substance is **not** a solute?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Salt

Answer

Sugar

Answer

Alcohol

Question 2

What is the concentration unit used to express the amount of solute in grams per 100 milliliters of solution?

Accepted Answer

Percentage by mass

Answer

Molarity

Answer

Molality

Answer

ppm

Question 3

Which factor does **not** affect the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent?

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Surface area of the solute

Answer

Stirring rate

Question 4

What is the scientific term for the lowering of the freezing point of a solution compared to the pure solvent?

Accepted Answer

Freezing point depression

Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Osmotic pressure

Answer

Henry's law

Question 5

Calculate the molar mass of a solute given that 0.5 moles of the solute are dissolved in 1 liter of solution and the resulting concentration is 0.25 M.

Accepted Answer

200 g/mol

Answer

100 g/mol

Answer

300 g/mol

Answer

400 g/mol

Question 6

Which substance is the most soluble in water at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Ethanol

Answer

Hexane

Question 7

What type of solution is formed when a weak acid is dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Answer

Basic

Answer

Neutral

Answer

Amphoteric

Question 8

Which property is **not** a colligative property?

Accepted Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Freezing point depression

Answer

Osmotic pressure

Question 9

What is the effect of adding a non-volatile solute to a solvent on its vapor pressure?

Accepted Answer

Decreases

Answer

Increases

Answer

No change

Answer

Depends on the solute concentration

Question 10

Which of the following is a non-colligative property of solutions?

Accepted Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Vapor pressure lowering

Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Freezing point depression

Question 11

Define the solubility of a substance:

Accepted Answer

Maximum substance amount dissolvable in a solvent

Answer

Dissolved substance amount in a solvent

Answer

Substance dissolution rate in a solvent

Answer

Substance dissolution temperature in a solvent

Question 12

Which colligative property describes solvent freezing point depression caused by solute addition?

Accepted Answer

Freezing point depression

Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Vapor pressure lowering

Answer

Osmotic pressure

Question 13

Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 0.5 moles of solute in 1 liter of solution:

Accepted Answer

0.5 M

Answer

0.25 M

Answer

1 M

Answer

2 M

Question 14

Which solution exhibits the highest osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

0.1 M CaCl2

Answer

0.1 M NaCl

Answer

0.1 M glucose

Answer

0.1 M urea

Question 15

Define a saturated solution:

Accepted Answer

Solvent cannot dissolve more solute

Answer

Solute is in equilibrium with solvent

Answer

Solute is less concentrated than solvent

Answer

Solute is more concentrated than solvent

Question 16

Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 5 moles of glucose in 1 kg of water:

Accepted Answer

-3.72 °C

Answer

-1.86 °C

Answer

-5.58 °C

Answer

-7.44 °C

Question 17

Define a solution and state its key characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the solute particles are uniformly dispersed throughout the solvent.

Answer

A solution is a mixture in which the substances retain their original chemical properties.

Answer

A solution is a mixture in which the solute particles exist as ions.

Answer

A solution is a mixture whose composition can vary.

Question 18

Which concentration unit represents the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent?

Accepted Answer

Molality (m)

Answer

Molarity (M)

Answer

Parts per million (ppm)

Answer

Weight/volume percentage (w/v%)

Question 19

Which colligative property describes the elevation of the boiling point of a solution compared to the pure solvent?

Accepted Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Freezing point depression

Answer

Vapour pressure lowering

Answer

Osmotic pressure

Question 20

Classify the following electrolyte as strong or weak: Acetic acid (CH3COOH).

Accepted Answer

Weak electrolyte

Answer

Strong electrolyte

Answer

Non-electrolyte

Question 21

Define a buffer solution and explain its function.

Accepted Answer

A buffer solution resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

Answer

A buffer solution has a pH of exactly 7.

Answer

A buffer solution contains a strong acid and a strong base.

Answer

A buffer solution has a high concentration of ions.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a type of solution?

Accepted Answer

Solid dissolved in a gas

Answer

Gas dissolved in a liquid

Answer

Liquid dissolved in another liquid

Answer

Solid dissolved in a liquid

Question 23

What is the term used to describe the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent?

Accepted Answer

Solubility

Answer

Molarity

Answer

Concentration

Answer

Molality

Question 24

What colligative property describes the lowering of the freezing point of a solution?

Accepted Answer

Freezing point depression

Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Osmotic pressure

Answer

Vapor pressure lowering

Question 25

A 0.5 mol/dm³ solution of NaCl contains what concentration of NaCl?

Accepted Answer

0.5 moles of NaCl per liter of solution

Answer

0.5 moles of NaCl per kilogram of solvent

Answer

50 grams of NaCl per liter of solution

Answer

100 grams of NaCl per liter of solution

Question 26

What is the term for the process by which a solute dissolves in a solvent?

Accepted Answer

Dissolution

Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Precipitation

Answer

Crystallization

Question 27

Which of the following units is used to express the concentration of a solution in parts per million (ppm)?

Accepted Answer

mg/L

Answer

mol/L

Answer

% w/w

Answer

% v/v

Question 28

Define a colligative property of a solution.

Accepted Answer

A property that depends only on the number of solute particles in a solution, not their identity.

Answer

A property that is affected by the size of the solute particles.

Answer

A property that depends on the chemical nature of the solute particles.

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a colligative property?

Accepted Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Enthalpy of solution

Answer

Density

Answer

Solubility

Question 30

Describe the general relationship between the solubility of a substance and temperature.

Accepted Answer

Solubility usually increases with increasing temperature.

Answer

Solubility usually decreases with increasing temperature.

Answer

Solubility is independent of temperature.

Question 31

Provide the definition of molarity.

Accepted Answer

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Answer

The number of grams of solute per liter of solution.

Answer

The mass of solute per volume of solution.

Question 32

Identify the intermolecular force responsible for the unusually high boiling point of water.

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Answer

Ion-dipole interactions

Answer

Dipole-dipole interactions

Answer

London dispersion forces

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a solute?

Accepted Answer

Is present in a smaller amount

Answer

Can be separated from the solvent by physical means

Answer

Dissolves uniformly in a solvent

Answer

Has chemical properties different from the solvent

Question 34

A 1.0 M solution contains how many moles of solute per liter of solution?

Accepted Answer

1.0

Answer

0.25

Answer

0.5

Answer

2.0

Question 35

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10.0 g of NaCl in 200 g of water. What is the mass percent of NaCl in the solution?

Accepted Answer

4.76%

Answer

10.00%

Answer

5.00%

Answer

20.00%

Question 36

Which of the following solvents has the highest dielectric constant?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Hexane

Answer

Benzene

Question 37

A solution is prepared by mixing 200 mL of 0.5 M NaCl solution with 300 mL of pure water. What is the concentration of the resulting solution?

Accepted Answer

0.33 M

Answer

1.00 M

Answer

0.50 M

Answer

0.25 M

Question 38

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a suspension?

Accepted Answer

The particles are large enough to settle out of solution over time.

Answer

The particles are microscopic and remain evenly distributed throughout the solution.

Answer

The solute and solvent form a new chemical compound.

Answer

The particles dissolve completely in the solvent.

Question 39

Which of the following factors primarily determines the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Viscosity of the solvent

Answer

Surface area of the solute

Question 40

Which concentration unit expresses the number of moles of solute per liter of solution?

Accepted Answer

Molarity

Answer

Molality

Answer

Normality

Answer

Percent by mass

Question 41

Colligative properties of a solution are dependent on:

Accepted Answer

The number of solute particles in solution

Answer

The enthalpy change of solution

Answer

The temperature of the solution

Answer

The nature of the solvent

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a colligative property?

Accepted Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Osmotic pressure

Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Freezing point depression

Question 43

A solution with a higher concentration of solute particles generally has a:

Accepted Answer

Lower freezing point and higher boiling point

Answer

Lower boiling point and the same freezing point

Answer

No change in freezing point or boiling point

Answer

Higher freezing point and lower boiling point

Question 44

The molarity of a solution is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

Number of moles of solute per liter of solution

Answer

Mass of solute in grams per liter of solvent

Answer

Volume of solute in milliliters per liter of solution

Answer

Concentration of solute in percent by mass

Question 45

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10.0 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 250 milliliters of water. What is the molarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

0.27 M

Answer

0.37 M

Answer

0.17 M

Answer

0.57 M

Question 46

Which of the following factors affects the rate of diffusion in a solution?

Accepted Answer

Temperature and concentration gradient

Answer

Pressure and magnetic field

Answer

Viscosity and density

Answer

Electrical potential and surface tension

Question 47

According to Raoult's Law, the vapor pressure of a solution is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the mole fraction of the solvent multiplied by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent

Answer

Equal to the sum of the vapor pressures of the pure components

Answer

Independent of the composition of the solution

Answer

Proportional to the concentration of the solute