Global Inequality: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions

Question 1

Which measure is commonly used to assess global income inequality?

Accepted Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Human Development Index (HDI)

Answer

Global Hunger Index (GHI)

Answer

World Bank's poverty line

Question 2

Which characteristic of global inequality specifically refers to disparities between individuals, rather than groups or countries?

Accepted Answer

Income gaps within a country

Answer

Trade barriers between nations

Answer

Access to education and healthcare

Answer

Political representation in government

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a negative consequence of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Economic prosperity

Answer

Poverty

Answer

Environmental degradation

Answer

Political instability

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Improved global health

Answer

Increased poverty

Answer

Political instability

Answer

Environmental degradation

Question 5

What is a key factor contributing to the significant income differences between countries?

Accepted Answer

Differences in worker productivity levels across countries

Answer

Equal access to quality education and healthcare globally

Answer

Identical tax policies implemented in all countries

Answer

No trade barriers or restrictions

Question 6

Which measure of global income inequality is based on factors beyond the distribution of income across individuals or households?

Accepted Answer

Human Development Index

Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Palma ratio

Answer

Lorenz curve

Question 7

Which measure of inequality compares the income of the wealthiest 10% of earners to the poorest 40% of earners?

Accepted Answer

Palma ratio

Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Kuznets curve

Answer

Human Development Index (HDI)

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a common measure used to quantify global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Kuznets curve

Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Palma ratio

Answer

Theil index

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Improved health

Answer

Poverty

Answer

Increased social unrest

Answer

Environmental degradation

Question 10

Which metric specifically measures the difference in average incomes between countries?

Accepted Answer

World Bank's Atlas method

Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Human Development Index (HDI)

Answer

Interquartile range (IQR)

Question 11

In Class and Inequality Studies, which of the following is NOT identified as a major contributor to global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Climate change

Answer

Globalization

Answer

Neo-liberal economic policies

Answer

Technological innovation

Question 12

Which of the following is a common consequence of global poverty?

Accepted Answer

Higher risk of preventable diseases and malnutrition

Answer

Increased access to healthcare and education

Answer

Greater economic opportunities and social mobility

Question 13

Which measure of global inequality encompasses factors beyond income and wealth?

Accepted Answer

Human Development Index

Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Kuznets curve

Question 14

Which social stratification theory emphasizes the influence of cultural factors, such as beliefs, values, and behaviors, in shaping class divisions?

Accepted Answer

Weber's theory of class

Answer

Marxist theory

Answer

Functionalist theory

Answer

Conflict theory

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a common method used to measure global income inequality?

Accepted Answer

Human Development Index

Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Palma ratio

Question 16

Which of the following is the most commonly used measure of global income inequality?

Accepted Answer

The Gini coefficient

Answer

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita

Answer

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

Answer

The Palma ratio

Question 17

What is a direct consequence of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Social unrest

Answer

Economic growth

Answer

Reduced poverty

Answer

Improved health

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary structural cause of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Unequal distribution of land and resources

Answer

Government policies designed to promote economic growth

Answer

Limited access to education and healthcare

Answer

Increased globalization and economic interconnectedness

Question 19

Which of the following is a widely recognized measure of income inequality within a country or region?

Accepted Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Human Development Index

Answer

World Bank's poverty line

Answer

Number of people living in extreme poverty

Question 20

Which theorist argued that the global economy is inherently unequal because the Global North exploits the Global South?

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Emile Durkheim

Answer

Talcott Parsons

Question 21

How does the unequal distribution of resources, wealth, and opportunities across countries and individuals contribute to the persistence of poverty on a global scale?

Accepted Answer

It leads to disparities in education, healthcare, and employment, trapping individuals and communities in poverty.

Answer

Poverty is primarily a result of individual choices and has little to do with global inequality.

Answer

Poverty is solely caused by natural disasters and environmental factors, and is not related to global inequality.

Answer

Poverty is a result of overpopulation and the inability to control population growth.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a commonly used indicator to measure poverty globally?

Accepted Answer

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Answer

Income per capita

Answer

Human Development Index (HDI)

Answer

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

Question 23

Which of the following is **not** a direct measure of global income inequality?

Accepted Answer

Kuznets curve

Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Palma ratio

Question 24

Which of the following are major factors contributing to global wealth inequality?

Accepted Answer

Unequal access to education and skill development

Accepted Answer

Government policies favoring the wealthy

Answer

Environmental factors like climate change and natural disasters

Question 25

Which mechanism is a major contributor to the widening gap in global inequality in the context of globalization?

Accepted Answer

Unequal access to resources and wealth

Answer

Increased trade and investment

Answer

Rapid technological advancements

Answer

Free movement of labor and migration

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a primary responsibility of the state in mitigating global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Overseeing the operations of multinational corporations

Answer

Providing financial aid to developing nations

Answer

Encouraging equitable trade practices

Answer

Investing in education and healthcare in developing nations

Question 27

How does globalization impact global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Globalization can both increase and decrease global inequality, depending on the situation.

Answer

Globalization always increases global inequality.

Answer

Globalization always decreases global inequality.

Answer

Globalization has no effect on global inequality.

Question 28

How has globalization exacerbated income disparities between developed and developing nations in the context of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Globalization has led to the outsourcing of jobs from developed countries to developing countries with lower labor costs.

Answer

Globalization has increased trade and investment, benefiting both developed and developing countries.

Answer

Globalization has spread technology and innovation, reducing poverty in developing countries.

Answer

Globalization has strengthened international cooperation and collaboration, reducing global inequality.

Question 29

What is a key factor contributing to income inequality in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

Slow economic growth

Answer

Extensive government spending on social welfare programs

Answer

High levels of education

Answer

Progressive tax systems

Question 30

Which historical event is widely recognized as a significant contributor to the emergence of global economic inequality?

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution

Answer

The formation of nation-states

Answer

The Cold War

Question 31

What are the ethical responsibilities of wealthy nations and individuals in addressing global inequality? Do they have a moral obligation to help those living in poverty?

Accepted Answer

They have a moral duty to support policies and initiatives that aim to alleviate poverty and foster sustainable development.

Answer

There is no moral obligation, as poverty is solely a matter of personal responsibility.

Answer

They have an obligation to provide direct financial aid to the impoverished.

Answer

There is no moral obligation, as poverty is an unavoidable aspect of the global economic system.

Question 32

Poverty is often considered a consequence of global inequality. Which of the following is **not** a characteristic typically associated with poverty?

Accepted Answer

Political participation

Answer

Lack of access to basic necessities

Answer

High rates of illiteracy

Answer

Vulnerability to health risks

Question 33

The concept of 'relative deprivation' is central to understanding how individuals perceive and experience inequality. Which of the following statements most accurately describes relative deprivation?

Accepted Answer

Feeling deprived in comparison to others

Answer

Having a low absolute income or standard of living

Answer

Experiencing social exclusion

Answer

Lacking access to education or healthcare

Question 34

Which of the following theories argues that inequality is an inherent part of society and serves to maintain social order and stability?

Accepted Answer

Functionalist theory

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Symbolic interactionist theory

Answer

Feminist theory

Question 35

Define 'sustainable development' and explain how it can be used to address global inequality.

Accepted Answer

Sustainable development aims to balance economic growth, social justice, and environmental protection.

Answer

Sustainable development prioritizes economic growth above all else.

Answer

Sustainable development solely focuses on reducing environmental pollution.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a standard measure of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Green GDP

Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Human Development Index

Answer

Purchasing Power Parity

Question 37

How does the concept of 'relative deprivation' relate to global inequality?

Accepted Answer

It suggests that individuals' perceptions of inequality are influenced by social comparisons.

Answer

It explains why poverty can persist even in societies with high levels of economic growth.

Answer

It emphasizes the importance of absolute measures of inequality.

Answer

It challenges the idea that global inequality is a problem that needs to be addressed.

Question 38

Which of the following best describes the 'Kuznets curve' hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Inequality initially increases as a country develops economically, but eventually declines.

Answer

Inequality steadily decreases as a country develops economically.

Answer

Inequality is unrelated to a country's level of economic development.

Answer

Inequality consistently increases as a country develops economically.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used measure of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Life expectancy rate

Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Human Poverty Index

Answer

Palma ratio

Question 40

Which factor has been identified as a major contributor to global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Neoliberal economic policies

Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Insufficient education opportunities

Answer

Environmental degradation

Question 41

According to the Kuznets curve hypothesis, how does inequality change as a country develops?

Accepted Answer

Increases initially and then decreases with economic growth

Answer

Decreases throughout economic development

Answer

Increases monotonically with economic development

Answer

Fluctuates unpredictably with economic growth

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT considered a potential solution to global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Increasing military spending

Answer

Progressive taxation systems

Answer

Investing in quality education

Answer

Promoting fair trade practices

Question 43

Which international organization is primarily responsible for monitoring and reporting on global inequality trends?

Accepted Answer

United Nations Development Programme

Answer

World Bank

Answer

International Monetary Fund

Answer

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Question 44

The 'Global North-South divide' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The economic and social disparities between developed and developing countries

Answer

The political tensions between Western and Eastern blocs

Answer

The cultural differences between Northern and Southern Hemisphere nations

Answer

The geographical distribution of global inequality

Question 45

How did colonialism contribute to global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Exploitation of resources and labor in colonies, leading to economic disparities

Answer

Promotion of economic development and free trade, reducing global inequality

Answer

Investments in education and infrastructure, promoting equality in colonies

Question 46

Global inequality raises ethical concerns. Which action best reflects this ethical responsibility?

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing the welfare of disadvantaged communities in trade and investment.

Accepted Answer

Supporting education and healthcare programs that directly benefit the poorest populations worldwide.

Answer

Providing financial aid to poor countries without conditions.

Answer

Pressuring governments of poor countries to reduce inequality.

Question 47

Which of the following is a widely recognized metric used to measure global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Gini coefficient

Answer

Human Development Index

Answer

Environmental Sustainability Index

Answer

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Question 48

What is the primary purpose of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Accepted Answer

To measure a country's overall level of progress and well-being

Answer

To compare income distribution between countries

Answer

To identify countries with the highest poverty levels

Answer

To assess the environmental sustainability of different regions

Question 49

How do financial institutions and investment practices contribute to global inequality?

Accepted Answer

By concentrating wealth among a small elite and perpetuating barriers faced by marginalized communities

Answer

By providing access to capital and investment opportunities for marginalized communities

Answer

By promoting economic growth and prosperity for all

Question 50

How does intersectionality contribute to our understanding of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Intersectionality shows how different types of inequality, like gender, race, and social class, overlap and affect each other, creating unique experiences of inequality for marginalized groups.

Answer

Intersectionality is a groundbreaking theory that has revolutionized the study of global inequality.

Answer

Intersectionality is only relevant to developed countries and has limited use in developing countries.

Answer

Intersectionality is only useful for analyzing gender inequality and has no relevance to other forms of inequality.

Question 51

Which of the following measures would effectively reduce global inequality by implementing the principle of 'tax justice'?

Accepted Answer

Implementing progressive taxation systems within countries

Accepted Answer

Establishing a global minimum tax rate for multinational corporations

Answer

Eliminating all forms of taxation

Answer

Increasing military spending to address global poverty

Question 52

A major contributing factor to global inequality is:

Accepted Answer

Unequal distribution of wealth

Answer

Natural disasters

Answer

Political instability

Answer

Technological advancements

Question 53

Which of the following is a consequence of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Poverty

Answer

Economic growth

Answer

Educational attainment

Question 54

A potential solution to address global inequality could involve:

Accepted Answer

Fairer international trade policies

Answer

Restricting immigration

Answer

Tax breaks for the wealthy

Answer

Increased military spending

Question 55

The concept of 'relative poverty' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Being below a certain income level compared to others in society

Answer

Living in conditions that lack basic necessities

Answer

Earning less than the minimum wage

Question 56

Globalization has had a complex impact on global inequality. Which of the following is a potential benefit?

Accepted Answer

Increased economic opportunities

Answer

Environmental degradation

Answer

Reduced cultural diversity

Answer

Exploitation of workers in developing countries

Question 57

Which international organization plays a significant role in addressing global inequality?

Accepted Answer

United Nations

Answer

World Health Organization

Answer

World Economic Forum

Answer

International Monetary Fund

Question 58

A major challenge in reducing global inequality is:

Accepted Answer

Lack of political will

Answer

Increased awareness

Answer

Technological advancements

Question 59

The concept of 'intersectionality' highlights that:

Accepted Answer

Inequality can be compounded based on factors such as race, gender, and class

Answer

Economic inequality is the most pressing form of inequality

Answer

Inequality only exists between countries

Question 60

Which of the following is a key ethical consideration in addressing global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring equity and justice for all

Answer

Prioritizing the interests of the wealthy

Answer

Maintaining economic growth at all costs

Answer

Protecting national sovereignty

Question 61

Which of the following factors is widely recognized as a significant contributor to global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Unequal distribution of income and wealth

Answer

Cultural differences

Answer

Natural disasters

Answer

Geographical isolation

Question 62

Which of the following is a common consequence of global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Poverty and deprivation

Answer

Increased social mobility

Answer

Improved education

Answer

Economic growth

Question 63

Which of the following is considered a potential solution to address global inequality?

Accepted Answer

Increasing access to education and healthcare in developing countries

Answer

Closing borders to immigration

Answer

Deregulating industries

Answer

Reducing foreign aid to developing countries

Question 64

Which of the following regions generally has the highest level of income inequality?

Accepted Answer

Sub-Saharan Africa

Answer

North America

Answer

Western Europe

Answer

East Asia