Dental Materials: Properties, Applications, and Evaluation for Restorative Dentistry

Question 1

Which route of drug administration generally results in the slowest onset of action but the longest duration of action?

Accepted Answer

Oral

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Inhalation

Answer

Topical

Question 2

What is the main component of glass ionomer cements?

Accepted Answer

Polyacrylic acid

Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Answer

Silica

Answer

Zinc oxide

Question 3

What is the primary function of a dental bonding agent?

Accepted Answer

Enhance adhesion to tooth structure

Answer

Minimize microleakage

Answer

Protect the dental pulp

Answer

Provide structural reinforcement

Question 4

What is the most common type of failure in amalgam restorations?

Accepted Answer

Fracture of the restoration's margin

Answer

Corrosion

Answer

Fracture of the tooth's cusp

Answer

Inflammation of the dental pulp

Question 5

Which metal is not typically used in the production of dental alloys?

Accepted Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Gold

Answer

Titanium

Answer

Chromium

Question 6

What is the main biocompatibility concern associated with nickel-chromium dental alloys?

Accepted Answer

Allergic reactions

Answer

Induction of genetic mutations

Answer

Birth defects

Answer

DNA damage

Question 7

In dentistry, cross-contamination refers to:

Accepted Answer

Transferring germs from contaminated items to a patient's mouth or dental materials

Answer

Bacteria moving from a patient's mouth to dental materials

Answer

Microbes being exchanged between healthcare workers

Answer

Microbes moving between dental materials

Question 8

Working with highly viscous dental materials presents which challenge?

Accepted Answer

Increased difficulty in handling and placement

Answer

Reduced bond strength to tooth structure

Answer

Enhanced wear resistance

Question 9

When selecting dental materials for a specific clinical application, which factor is **NOT** a primary consideration?

Accepted Answer

Cost of the material

Answer

Patient's age

Answer

Patient's medical history

Answer

Intended use of the material

Question 10

Identify the primary component that forms the structure of dental ceramics:

Accepted Answer

Glass

Answer

Resin

Answer

Metal

Answer

Polymer

Question 11

Explain the primary function of a bonding agent in the context of dental restorations:

Accepted Answer

To enhance the bond between the tooth structure and the restoration

Answer

To prevent gaps and leakage at the restoration margins

Answer

To reduce the risk of developing caries around the restoration

Answer

To improve the aesthetic appearance of the restoration

Question 12

Explain the ethical obligation of a dentist when selecting dental materials for patient care:

Accepted Answer

To select materials based on what is in the best interest of the patient's oral health

Answer

To prioritize the use of the most expensive materials available

Answer

To use materials recommended by a specific manufacturer

Answer

To prioritize personal profit

Question 13

The setting reaction of a dental resin composite involves:

Accepted Answer

Polymerization

Answer

Condensation

Answer

Crystallization

Answer

Amalgamation

Question 14

The primary advantage of employing ceramic materials in dental restorations is their:

Accepted Answer

Exceptional aesthetic qualities, resembling natural tooth enamel

Answer

Superior strength and durability, ensuring longevity of the restoration

Answer

Excellent biocompatibility, reducing the risk of allergic reactions

Answer

Convenient ease of manipulation, simplifying the restorative process

Question 15

In dental restorations, which metal is commonly utilized due to its exceptional strength and resistance to corrosion?

Accepted Answer

Gold, a noble metal with proven durability

Answer

Nickel, an alloy element contributing to strength

Answer

Titanium, a lightweight and biocompatible option

Answer

Stainless steel, an economical and widely used alloy

Question 16

What is the primary function of a dental bonding agent in restorative procedures?

Accepted Answer

To enhance adhesion, creating a strong bond between different dental materials

Answer

To disinfect the tooth surface, eliminating bacteria and ensuring a clean bonding surface

Answer

To minimize polymerization shrinkage, reducing internal stresses within the restoration

Answer

To provide insulation, protecting the pulp from thermal and electrical stimuli

Question 17

Which of the following techniques is commonly used to improve the marginal seal and longevity of composite restorations?

Accepted Answer

A combination of all the above techniques

Answer

Bevel cut, creating a tapered margin to enhance adaptation

Answer

Acid etching, increasing surface roughness for improved bonding

Answer

Light curing, initiating polymerization and hardening the restoration

Question 18

The primary chemical component responsible for the unique properties of dental amalgam is:

Accepted Answer

Mercury, forming a liquid matrix that binds the alloy particles

Answer

Silver, contributing to its strength and durability

Answer

Copper, enhancing the corrosion resistance of the restoration

Answer

Tin, providing structural stability and reducing shrinkage

Question 19

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the mechanical properties of dental composites?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Filler size

Answer

Degree of conversion

Answer

Resin matrix composition

Question 20

Which type of ceramic is recognized for its high strength, translucency, and fracture toughness, making it suitable for use in crowns and veneers?

Accepted Answer

Zirconia ceramic

Answer

Glass ceramic

Answer

Feldspathic ceramic

Answer

Porcelain ceramic

Question 21

What is the primary function of a dentin adhesive system in restorative dentistry?

Accepted Answer

To bond composite resin to dentin

Answer

To prevent bacterial penetration

Answer

To enhance the aesthetics of the restoration

Answer

To reduce post-operative sensitivity

Question 22

Which of the following metals is known for its excellent biocompatibility, high strength, and corrosion resistance, making it a suitable choice for dental implants?

Accepted Answer

Titanium

Answer

Stainless steel

Answer

Cobalt-chromium alloy

Answer

Gold alloy

Question 23

What is the significance of the Vickers hardness test in the evaluation of dental materials?

Accepted Answer

It measures the resistance to plastic deformation

Answer

It indicates the material's toughness

Answer

It determines the material's wear resistance

Answer

It provides information about the material's elastic modulus

Question 24

When selecting a restorative material for a patient with bruxism, which property should be prioritized?

Accepted Answer

High wear resistance and fracture toughness

Answer

Low thermal conductivity

Answer

Excellent aesthetics

Answer

Biocompatibility and fluoride release

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glass ionomer cements?

Accepted Answer

Low compressive strength

Answer

Chemical adhesion to tooth structure

Answer

Fluoride release

Answer

Hygroscopic nature

Question 26

What is the predominant element in the composition of dental amalgam?

Accepted Answer

Mercury

Answer

Silver

Answer

Copper

Answer

Tin

Question 27

Which composite resin material is frequently employed to restore the aesthetics of anterior teeth?

Accepted Answer

Composite resin

Answer

Glass ionomer cement

Answer

Zirconia

Answer

Feldspathic porcelain

Question 28

Dental ceramics exhibit exceptional _____ making them appropriate for use in high-stress bearing areas.

Accepted Answer

Tensile strength

Answer

Biocompatibility

Answer

Thermal conductivity

Answer

Translucency

Question 29

Dental amalgams primarily consist of which type of metal?

Accepted Answer

Silver

Answer

Copper

Answer

Tin

Answer

Gold

Question 30

In dentin bonding procedures, which component of the adhesive system chemically bonds to the tooth structure?

Accepted Answer

Bonding agent

Answer

Primer

Answer

Dentin conditioner

Answer

Etching gel

Question 31

Which property is NOT desirable in a dental material used for temporary restorations?

Accepted Answer

Exceptional strength

Answer

Biocompatibility

Answer

Ease of removal

Answer

Optimal marginal adaptation

Question 32

The primary component of glass ionomer cement (GIC) is:

Accepted Answer

Fluoroaluminosilicate glass

Answer

Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)

Answer

Polyacrylic acid

Answer

Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)

Question 33

Which of the following dental materials is considered a bioactive material?

Accepted Answer

Glass ionomer cement

Answer

Resin composite

Answer

Ceramic

Answer

Amalgam

Question 34

The phenomenon responsible for the hardening of resin composites is:

Accepted Answer

Polymerization

Answer

Crystallization

Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Condensation

Question 35

Which of the following properties is NOT desirable in a dental material used for crowns?

Accepted Answer

Low cost

Answer

High strength

Answer

Good aesthetics

Answer

Biocompatibility

Question 36

The primary factor that determines the viscosity of a dental material is:

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Filler content

Answer

Molecular weight

Answer

Curing time

Question 37

For luting ceramic restorations, which type of dental cement is most commonly employed?

Accepted Answer

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement

Answer

Glass ionomer cement

Answer

Zinc phosphate cement

Answer

Compomer cement

Question 38

What is the primary advantage of utilizing zirconia as a dental ceramic material?

Accepted Answer

Exceptional fracture toughness

Answer

Excellent aesthetic properties

Answer

High level of biocompatibility

Answer

Cost-effectiveness

Question 39

Which property is NOT desirable in a dental impression material?

Accepted Answer

Brittleness

Answer

Accuracy

Answer

Dimensional stability

Answer

Flexibility

Question 40

Which of the following materials is commonly used as the primary component of direct composite restorations?

Accepted Answer

Bis-GMA (Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate)

Answer

Cobalt-chromium

Answer

Zirconia

Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Question 41

What is the primary disadvantage associated with the use of amalgam restorations?

Accepted Answer

Aesthetic concerns (unfavorable appearance)

Answer

High strength

Answer

Easy to manipulate

Answer

Minimal polymerization shrinkage

Question 42

What is the primary purpose of a cavity liner used in dental restorations?

Accepted Answer

To protect the dental pulp from thermal and chemical irritation

Answer

To insulate against galvanic currents

Answer

To enhance adhesion of the restorative material to the tooth structure

Question 43

Which of the following bonding agents is primarily used for enamel bonding in dental procedures?

Accepted Answer

Self-etching primer

Answer

Composite resin

Answer

Glass ionomer cement

Answer

Amalgam

Question 44

What is the primary function of a dentin bonding agent in dental restorations?

Accepted Answer

To create a hybrid layer between the dentin and the restorative material, enhancing bonding

Answer

To neutralize the acidity of the restorative material

Answer

To improve the marginal adaptation of the restoration to the tooth

Question 45

What is the primary metallic component of dental amalgam?

Accepted Answer

Mercury

Answer

Zirconium

Answer

Copper

Answer

Silver

Question 46

Flexural strength of a dental material measures its ability to:

Accepted Answer

Resist bending

Answer

Withstand compression

Answer

Absorb impact

Answer

Conduct heat

Question 47

Which technique is commonly used to enhance the bond strength between composite resin and enamel?

Accepted Answer

Acid etching

Answer

Amalgamation

Answer

Electroplating

Answer

Sintering

Question 48

The Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) is an indicator of a material's:

Accepted Answer

Scratch resistance

Answer

Thermal conductivity

Answer

Tensile strength

Answer

Solubility

Question 49

The primary use of glass ionomer cement in dentistry is for:

Accepted Answer

Restoring tooth decay

Answer

Fabricating crowns

Answer

Implant placement

Answer

Veneer bonding

Question 50

A major concern associated with the use of mercury-containing dental materials is their:

Accepted Answer

Environmental impact

Answer

Low strength

Answer

Poor biocompatibility

Answer

Lack of radiopacity

Question 51

In dental bonding procedures, the most widely used type of adhesive is:

Accepted Answer

Resin-based adhesive

Answer

Cyanoacrylate adhesive

Answer

Epoxy adhesive

Answer

Polyurethane adhesive

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a major component of dental amalgam?

Accepted Answer

Glass ionomer

Answer

Mercury

Answer

Silver

Answer

Tin

Question 53

What is the primary mechanism of action of glass-ionomer cements?

Accepted Answer

Acid-base reaction

Answer

Polymerization

Answer

Covalent bonding

Answer

Chelation

Question 54

What is the role of dentin bonding agents in restorative dentistry?

Accepted Answer

To enhance the adhesion between resin-based materials and dentin

Answer

To improve the esthetics of the restoration

Answer

To protect the pulp from bacterial invasion

Question 55

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using metal-ceramic crowns?

Accepted Answer

Metal margin discoloration

Answer

Biocompatibility

Answer

High strength

Answer

Low cost

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a function of dental impression materials?

Accepted Answer

Preventing caries formation

Answer

Reproducing the oral structures

Answer

Providing a template for the fabrication of dental prostheses

Answer

Preventing the aspiration of foreign objects

Question 57

What is the primary component of dental waxes?

Accepted Answer

Paraffin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Acrylic

Answer

Chitin

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a type of dental composite resin used in restorative dentistry?

Accepted Answer

Glass ionomer

Answer

Compomer

Answer

Hybrid

Answer

Flowable

Question 59

Which of the following metals is predominantly used in the fabrication of dental implants due to its excellent biocompatibility and strength?

Accepted Answer

Titanium

Answer

Gold

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Silver

Question 60

What is the primary purpose of using a dental bonding agent?

Accepted Answer

To enhance the adhesion of restorative materials to tooth structure

Answer

To prevent bacterial leakage

Answer

To strengthen the tooth structure

Question 61

When selecting a dental material for a specific application, which factor should be given the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

Patient's individual needs, preferences, and clinical requirements

Answer

Cost of the material alone

Answer

Availability of the material in the clinic

Answer

Dentist's personal preference

Question 62

What is the primary function of a dental luting cement?

Accepted Answer

To bond a dental restoration securely to the prepared tooth surface

Answer

To provide insulation from thermal changes

Answer

To protect the tooth from erosion

Question 63

Which of the following properties is considered the most critical for a dental impression material?

Accepted Answer

Accuracy in capturing the details of the oral structures

Answer

Flexibility and elasticity

Answer

Long setting time

Answer

Strength and durability

Question 64

What is the main purpose of using a cavity liner in restorative dentistry?

Accepted Answer

To protect the dental pulp from chemical and thermal irritation

Answer

To reduce the risk of tooth fracture

Answer

To increase the bond strength of the restoration

Answer

To improve the aesthetics of the restoration