History of Disability: A Comprehensive Guide for Students

Question 1

According to the social model of disability, what is the primary cause of disability?

Accepted Answer

Societal attitudes and barriers

Answer

Biological factors

Answer

Individual impairments

Answer

Personal tragedy

Question 2

What is a key distinction between the social and medical models of disability?

Accepted Answer

The social model focuses on societal barriers, while the medical model focuses on individual impairments.

Answer

The medical model emphasizes rehabilitation, while the social model does not.

Answer

The social model is based on a rights-based approach, while the medical model is based on a charity-based approach.

Answer

The medical model is more widely accepted than the social model.

Question 3

Which philosophical movement advocated for a clear distinction between individuals with disabilities and those without?

Accepted Answer

Dualism

Answer

Enlightenment

Answer

Stoicism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 4

During the Enlightenment period, which factor played a major role in the emergence of the medical model of disability?

Accepted Answer

Scientific rationalism and empiricism

Answer

Advocacy for disability rights

Answer

Advanced medical technology

Answer

Eugenics movement

Question 5

According to the social model of disability, what is the primary cause of disability?

Accepted Answer

Societal barriers and discrimination

Answer

Individual impairments

Answer

Personal attitudes and beliefs

Answer

Medical conditions requiring treatment

Question 6

According to the social model of disability, what is the primary cause of disability?

Accepted Answer

Societal barriers and discrimination

Answer

Biological impairments

Answer

Psychological factors

Answer

Medical conditions

Question 7

Which factor was instrumental in the development of the social model of disability?

Accepted Answer

The rise of the disability rights movement

Answer

Medical advancements

Answer

Eugenics

Answer

The emergence of the medical model of disability

Question 8

In ancient Greece, what was the dominant societal attitude towards individuals with disabilities?

Accepted Answer

They were perceived as a societal burden and frequently killed or abandoned.

Answer

They were revered as divine beings and deserving of compassion.

Answer

They were esteemed members of society with equal rights.

Answer

They were isolated from society in specialized institutions.

Question 9

Which concept is NOT a key characteristic of the medical model of disability?

Accepted Answer

Disability as a social construct influenced by societal attitudes and barriers

Answer

Disability as a form of deviance or abnormality

Answer

Disability as primarily caused by individual factors such as genetics or disease

Answer

Disability as a condition that can be treated or cured through medical interventions or rehabilitation

Question 10

What was a major factor in the development of the social model of disability?

Accepted Answer

Emergence of the disability rights movement

Answer

Rise of eugenics

Answer

Development of assistive technologies

Answer

Advances in medical treatments

Question 11

In Disability Studies, which model conceives disability as a societal construct stemming from barriers and discrimination, rather than an inherent characteristic of the individual?

Accepted Answer

Social model

Answer

Medical model

Answer

Functionalist model

Answer

Biopsychosocial model

Question 12

According to the medical model of disability, disability is primarily defined as:

Accepted Answer

A consequence of individual impairments or dysfunctions.

Answer

A social construct influenced by societal attitudes and discrimination.

Answer

A temporary condition that can be cured or eliminated through medical interventions.

Answer

A personal misfortune that should be kept hidden from public view.

Question 13

Which of the following events is widely regarded as a pivotal turning point in the history of disability rights?

Accepted Answer

The enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990

Answer

The founding of the first mental health facility in the 18th century

Answer

The development of the polio vaccine in the 20th century

Answer

The introduction of the concept of social disability in the 1960s

Question 14

According to the Social Model of Disability, what is the primary cause of disability?

Accepted Answer

Societal barriers and attitudes

Answer

Individual physical or mental impairments

Answer

Lack of access to medical care

Answer

Personal choices and behaviors

Question 15

During the Enlightenment, which view of disability gained widespread acceptance?

Accepted Answer

Natural human variation

Answer

Divine punishment

Answer

Mental illness

Answer

Personal sin

Question 16

What factor played a pivotal role in the development of the social model of disability?

Accepted Answer

Disability rights activism

Answer

Germ theory advancements

Answer

Welfare system implementation

Answer

Eugenics ideology spread

Question 17

Which statement contradicts the social model of disability?

Accepted Answer

Disability is solely caused by individual impairments.

Answer

Disability is caused by societal attitudes and barriers.

Answer

Disabled people face exclusion and marginalization.

Question 18

In the social model of disability, what is considered the main cause of disability for individuals?

Accepted Answer

Societal barriers and discrimination

Answer

Inherent impairments of the individual

Question 19

Which factors significantly influenced the development of the social model of disability?

Accepted Answer

The experiences of disabled people in institutions

Accepted Answer

The influence of feminist and anti-racist movements

Answer

The rise of the eugenics movement

Question 20

When referring to people with disabilities, which of the following best follows the guidelines for person-first language?

Accepted Answer

People with disabilities

Answer

Disabled people

Answer

Differently-abled individuals

Question 21

What was a primary influence in the development of the medical model of disability during the 19th century?

Accepted Answer

The rise of scientific positivism

Answer

The influence of religious beliefs

Answer

The emergence of the disability rights movement

Answer

The development of new technologies

Question 22

Which belief was a primary justification for the practice of eugenics in the 20th century?

Accepted Answer

Preventing the reproduction of individuals deemed inferior

Answer

Improving overall societal health and well-being

Answer

Controlling population growth

Answer

Viewing people with disabilities as a societal burden

Question 23

Which concept was a major influence in the development of the eugenics movement?

Accepted Answer

Belief in the superiority of certain genetic traits

Answer

Institutionalization as a means of care for people with disabilities

Answer

The social model of disability

Question 24

Which of the following is a significant milestone in the history of the disability rights movement?

Accepted Answer

The enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act

Answer

The signing of the Declaration of Independence

Answer

The Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education

Question 25

Which concept is exclusive to the medical model of disability?

Accepted Answer

Disability is an individual tragedy.

Answer

Disability is caused by external barriers and societal attitudes.

Answer

Disability is a natural part of human diversity.

Answer

The focus should be on changing society to make it more inclusive.

Question 26

According to the medical model of disability, what is the primary cause of disability?

Accepted Answer

Individual impairments or pathology

Answer

Societal attitudes and environmental barriers

Answer

A combination of individual and social factors

Question 27

Which historical factor was a major influence in the development of the medical model of disability?

Accepted Answer

Rise of scientific rationalism and empiricism

Answer

Influence of religious beliefs and moral values

Answer

Emergence of the social welfare state

Answer

Disability rights movement

Question 28

In the 19th century, which movement promoted the idea that people with disabilities should be placed in institutions because they were seen as a societal burden?

Accepted Answer

Eugenics Movement

Answer

Disability Rights Movement

Answer

Independent Living Movement

Answer

Social Model of Disability

Question 29

When did the social model of disability emerge as a challenge to the medical model, emphasizing social and environmental factors as the primary causes of disability?

Accepted Answer

The late 20th century

Answer

Ancient Rome

Answer

The 18th century

Answer

The early 21st century

Question 30

According to the social model of disability, what is the main reason why people are considered disabled?

Accepted Answer

Barriers created by society

Answer

Their individual physical or mental impairments

Answer

Unfortunate personal circumstances

Answer

Their own moral shortcomings

Question 31

According to the 'medical model' of disability, prevalent in the 19th and 20th centuries, disability was seen as:

Accepted Answer

A personal tragedy that requires a cure or fix

Answer

A social construct that oppresses disabled individuals

Answer

A natural variation in human experiences

Question 32

Which pivotal event marked a turning point in the disability rights movement, increasing visibility and advocacy for the rights of individuals with disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990

Answer

Establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948

Answer

Publication of 'Silent Spring' by Rachel Carson in 1962

Answer

Founding of the United Nations in 1945

Question 33

Explain the main provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and its impact on the lives of people with disabilities in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The ADA prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public places, transportation, and communication.

Accepted Answer

The ADA requires employers to make reasonable adjustments for employees with disabilities.

Answer

The ADA does not provide financial assistance to people with disabilities to help them live independently.

Question 34

How can media representations influence societal perceptions of disability, and what strategies can be employed to promote more accurate and inclusive portrayals?

Accepted Answer

Challenging stereotypes, using person-first language, and collaborating with disability advocacy groups can promote accurate and inclusive representations of disability.

Answer

Media has no impact on societal perceptions of disability.

Answer

Media should only portray disabled people as overcoming challenges.

Answer

Media outlets should be legally responsible for inaccurate portrayals of disability.

Question 35

Explain the concept of 'crip theory' and its importance in challenging traditional views of disability and fostering disability pride.

Accepted Answer

Crip theory highlights the experiences of disabled individuals and challenges the notion that disability requires a cure or correction.

Answer

Crip theory dismisses disability as a social construct and prioritizes the medical model.

Answer

Crip theory is exclusive to physical disabilities and has no relevance for mental disabilities.

Answer

Crip theory lacks practical applications and is solely theoretical.

Question 36

How do disability and poverty intersect to create challenges, and what strategies can effectively address these challenges?

Accepted Answer

Poverty worsens the challenges faced by people with disabilities, limiting their access to healthcare, education, and jobs.

Accepted Answer

People with disabilities are more likely to experience poverty due to discrimination and lack of support.

Accepted Answer

Effective strategies to address the intersection of disability and poverty go beyond financial aid and require a comprehensive approach.

Answer

Individuals facing both disability and poverty are solely responsible for overcoming their challenges.

Question 37

What is meant by the 'medicalization of disability'?

Accepted Answer

Disability being primarily viewed as a medical problem

Answer

Disability being prevented or cured through medical interventions

Answer

Disabled people being excluded from society

Answer

Disability being recognized as a social and political issue

Question 38

The 'social model of disability' emphasizes the:

Accepted Answer

Role of social barriers in creating disability

Answer

Importance of individual resilience

Answer

Need for medical interventions to mitigate impairment

Answer

Value of segregated education for disabled children

Question 39

Which principle was central to the 'mad pride' movement?

Accepted Answer

Rejection of labels and stereotypes

Answer

Advocacy for segregation from society

Answer

Emphasis on seeking medical cures for mental illness

Answer

Belief in the superiority of disabled people

Question 40

What is the goal of 'universal design'?

Accepted Answer

Designing products and environments accessible to all

Answer

Providing separate facilities for disabled people

Answer

Promoting the use of assistive technology

Answer

Encouraging the integration of disabled people into mainstream society

Question 41

Which of the following is a key belief of the medical model of disability?

Accepted Answer

Disability is a medical condition that can be cured or treated.

Answer

Disability is a tragedy for the individual.

Answer

Disability is a social construct.

Answer

Disability is a punishment for sin.

Question 42

Who is widely considered the founder of the eugenics movement?

Accepted Answer

Francis Galton

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Alfred Binet

Question 43

Which strategy effectively promotes independence and self-determination for individuals with disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Providing access to education, employment, healthcare, and inclusive communities.

Answer

Relying solely on individual efforts for self-advocacy.

Answer

Limiting self-advocacy to avoid undermining independence.

Answer

Focusing only on individual rights and needs, ignoring social and political factors.

Question 44

During the pre-industrial era, which belief about disability was most common?

Accepted Answer

Disability was seen as a curse or punishment from supernatural forces.

Answer

People with disabilities were highly valued and included in society.

Answer

Advanced medical treatments and support systems were available for people with disabilities.

Answer

Disability was widely recognized as a social construct.

Question 45

In the pre-industrial era, societal attitudes towards people with disabilities were significantly influenced by:

Accepted Answer

Religious beliefs and cultural norms

Answer

Economic factors and social hierarchies

Answer

Scientific advancements and medical understandings

Answer

Educational opportunities and social mobility

Question 46

The 'medical model' of disability emerged during the:

Accepted Answer

Enlightenment and scientific revolution

Answer

Medieval period

Answer

Industrial Revolution and urbanization

Answer

20th century and the rise of psychology

Question 47

In the United Kingdom, which legislation marked a turning point in advancements for disability rights?

Accepted Answer

Disability Discrimination Act (1995)

Answer

National Health Service Act (1946)

Answer

Education Act (1944)

Answer

Mental Health Act (1959)

Question 48

The social model of disability posits that:

Accepted Answer

Disability is a product of societal barriers and exclusion, rather than inherent characteristics.

Answer

Disability is primarily a result of individual impairments and limitations.

Answer

People with disabilities are solely responsible for navigating and overcoming societal challenges.

Answer

Disability is a fixed and unchangeable aspect of an individual's identity.

Question 49

Who is widely recognized for developing the concept of 'normalization' in disability studies?

Accepted Answer

Wolf Wolfensberger

Answer

Michel Foucault

Answer

Wolfgang Iser

Answer

Judith Butler

Question 50

The 'reasonable adjustment' approach in disability accommodation focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Making necessary modifications to the environment or practices to eliminate or reduce barriers for disabled individuals

Answer

Providing specialized equipment or personal assistance to compensate for impairments

Answer

Adjusting expectations and standards for disabled people, rather than altering the environment

Answer

Separating disabled people from non-disabled people to ensure their safety and well-being

Question 51

During the Enlightenment period, how did societal views and beliefs about individuals with disabilities undergo a transformation?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with disabilities were recognized as deserving of compassion and support, and their potential was acknowledged.

Answer

Disability was increasingly attributed to divine punishment or witchcraft.

Answer

The medical model of disability dominated, viewing individuals with disabilities as inherently inferior.

Question 52

What was the main goal of the Salamanca Statement (1994)?

Accepted Answer

To promote inclusive education for disabled children

Answer

To advocate for the rights of children with disabilities

Answer

To establish a global standard for accessibility

Answer

To fund research on disability

Question 53

What was the primary purpose of the Poor Law Amendment Act (1834) in England?

Accepted Answer

To establish workhouses for the poor and disabled

Answer

To provide financial assistance to disabled individuals

Answer

To promote the integration of disabled people into society

Answer

To create a system of public health insurance

Question 54

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of the social model of disability?

Accepted Answer

Disability is the result of societal barriers

Answer

Disability is caused by individual impairment

Answer

Disability can be cured through medical intervention

Answer

Disability is an inevitable part of human existence

Question 55

Which of the following was a major factor contributing to the rise of eugenics in the early 20th century?

Accepted Answer

A belief in the superiority of certain genetic traits

Answer

Advances in medical science

Answer

Concern about the increasing incidence of mental illness among disabled people

Answer

A desire to prevent the spread of infectious diseases

Question 56

How is disability related to poverty?

Accepted Answer

Disability and poverty are often mutually reinforcing

Answer

Disability can lead to poverty

Answer

Poverty can lead to disability

Answer

There is no relationship between disability and poverty

Question 57

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the 'medical model' of disability?

Accepted Answer

Disability is a social construction shaped by societal attitudes and practices.

Answer

Disability is a personal deficit located within the individual.

Answer

People with disabilities are perceived as sick and in need of treatment.

Answer

Disability is a static and unchanging condition.

Question 58

What was the primary objective of the 'Charity Model' of disability?

Accepted Answer

To promote compassion and pity towards individuals with disabilities.

Answer

To offer support services to individuals with disabilities.

Answer

To empower individuals with disabilities towards self-sufficiency.

Answer

To raise awareness about the challenges faced by individuals with disabilities.

Question 59

What is a key advantage of the 'Social Model' of disability?

Accepted Answer

Recognizes the impact of societal barriers on the experiences of individuals with disabilities.

Answer

Emphasizes personal responsibility for overcoming disability.

Answer

Provides a clear framework for resource allocation to support individuals with disabilities.

Answer

Is straightforward to implement in practice.

Question 60

How does the 'social model of disability' influence the provision of support and services to individuals with disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Highlights the necessity of addressing social and environmental barriers faced by individuals with disabilities.

Answer

Prioritizes individualized support and services tailored to specific needs.

Answer

Advocates for the segregation of individuals with disabilities from society.

Answer

Provides a framework for allocating resources based solely on individual needs.

Question 61

The term 'medicalization of disability' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The concept that disability is primarily a medical condition

Answer

The use of medical interventions to treat or alleviate disability

Answer

The exclusion of disability from social and political discourse

Answer

The recognition of disability as a form of social injustice

Question 62

Who was a prominent advocate for the rights of people with disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Helen Keller

Answer

Florence Nightingale

Answer

Marie Curie

Answer

Charles Darwin

Question 63

The historical practice of 'institutionalization' in the context of disability refers to:

Accepted Answer

Segregating individuals with disabilities in specialized institutions

Answer

Integrating individuals with disabilities into mainstream society

Answer

Providing support services for individuals with disabilities in their communities

Answer

Using medical treatments to prevent disability

Question 64

The 'social model of disability' emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

Disability as a social construct shaped by environmental barriers

Answer

Disability as a personal tragedy

Answer

Disability as solely caused by individual impairments

Answer

Disability as a form of divine punishment