Cell Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Biology BSc Students

Question 1

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Absence of internal membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Lack of ribosomes

Answer

Simple cellular organization

Question 2

Which cellular structure is the site of protein synthesis and is composed of ribosomal subunits?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

The relationship between cell structure and function is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Cell structure and function mutually influence each other.

Answer

Cell structure directly determines its function.

Answer

Cell function solely determines its structure.

Answer

Structure and function are distinct and independent.

Question 4

Which type of cells typically lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells

Answer

Eukaryotic cells

Answer

Animal cells

Answer

Plant cells

Question 5

The endoplasmic reticulum is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and folding

Answer

Carbohydrate breakdown

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Waste disposal

Question 6

Which component forms the primary structural framework of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Nucleic acids

Answer

Amino acids

Answer

Carbohydrate molecules

Question 7

Which organelle modifies, packages, and distributes proteins within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

The nucleus serves as the:

Accepted Answer

Control center of the cell, housing genetic material

Answer

Site of protein synthesis

Answer

Energy powerhouse of the cell

Answer

Storage organelle for waste products

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for making proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 10

Which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes lipids.

Answer

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Answer

Maintains the cell's shape.

Answer

Recognizes and responds to signals from other cells.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Which of the following structures is involved in both mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 13

The selective permeability of the cell membrane is due to the presence of:

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 14

The process by which cells divide to produce genetically identical daughter cells is known as:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 15

Which of the following organelles contains enzymes involved in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

The Golgi apparatus is primarily involved in:

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and sorting

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Protecting the cell from its surroundings

Answer

Facilitating cell communication

Question 18

Which type of cytoskeleton filament is responsible for cell shape and motility?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Answer

Microtubules

Answer

Intermediate filaments

Answer

Centrioles

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Have membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Lack a nucleus

Answer

Have a single, circular chromosome

Answer

Divide by binary fission

Question 20

Which of the following organelles contains digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

What is the function of centrioles?

Accepted Answer

Cell division

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Waste storage

Question 22

Which of the following processes describes the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 23

The primary function of the ribosome is to:

Accepted Answer

Synthesize proteins

Answer

Package and transport materials

Answer

Generate energy

Answer

Modify carbohydrates

Question 24

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Chloroplast

Question 25

The cell membrane is primarily composed of:

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 26

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Nucleus

Question 27

The Golgi apparatus is involved in:

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Carbohydrate synthesis

Question 28

Lysosomes contain:

Accepted Answer

Hydrolytic enzymes

Answer

Hormones

Answer

Nucleotides

Answer

Chlorophyll

Question 29

The process by which cells divide to form two genetically identical daughter cells is known as:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 30

Which of the following organelles is found exclusively in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 31

The primary function of the cell membrane is to:

Accepted Answer

Regulate the exchange of materials with the surroundings

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Answer

Generate energy

Answer

Store genetic material

Question 32

In which cell component does protein synthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

The nucleus is the site of:

Accepted Answer

Genetic material storage

Answer

Ribosome production

Answer

Mitochondrial function

Answer

Golgi apparatus activity

Question 34

Which organelle is primarily responsible for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 35

The cytosol is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The fluid-filled interior of the cell

Answer

The outermost layer of the cell

Answer

A membrane-bound structure

Answer

The location of DNA replication

Question 36

The Golgi apparatus is involved in:

Accepted Answer

Modifying and packaging proteins

Answer

Synthesizing lipids

Answer

Generating energy

Answer

Digesting cellular waste

Question 37

A characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells is:

Accepted Answer

The presence of a nucleus

Answer

The absence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

A smaller size compared to prokaryotic cells

Answer

The lack of genetic material

Question 38

Which of the following organelles is exclusively found in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 39

The primary role of ribosomes is to:

Accepted Answer

Synthesize proteins

Answer

Store genetic material

Answer

Generate energy

Answer

Transport materials across the cell membrane

Question 40

Which of the following structures forms a selectively permeable barrier around the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Vacuole

Question 41

Genetic material in eukaryotic cells is primarily contained within the:

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Chloroplast

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a type of cell reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Cloning

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Question 43

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Peroxisome

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 44

Which type of cell junction enables direct communication between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Answer

Tight junction

Answer

Adherens junction

Answer

Desmosome

Question 45

In plants, the process of using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Chemiosmosis

Question 46

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing and modifying proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 47

What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Question 48

Which structure houses the genetic information of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 49

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the exchange of substances between the cell and its surroundings

Answer

To generate energy

Answer

To provide structural support

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Question 50

What is the main carbohydrate storage molecule in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Starch

Answer

Cellulose

Question 51

Which molecule is involved in electron transfer in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome c

Answer

Haemoglobin

Answer

Myoglobin

Answer

Transferrin

Question 52

What process do cells use to expel waste products?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 53

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Absence of a nucleus

Answer

Presence of a nucleolus

Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Presence of a Golgi apparatus

Question 54

Which of the following statements accurately describes the defining characteristics of living cells?

Accepted Answer

They are highly organized and responsive to their environment.

Answer

They possess a nucleus surrounded by a double membrane, termed the nuclear envelope.

Answer

They are inert and do not engage in any metabolic activities.

Answer

They are incapable of reproducing or replicating themselves.

Question 55

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

The nucleolus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 56

Which organelle is the primary site of cellular respiration, where energy is generated for cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 57

The selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane is attributed to the presence of which component?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 58

The primary function of the Golgi apparatus within eukaryotic cells is:

Accepted Answer

Packaging and secretion of proteins

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Carbohydrate synthesis

Question 59

Which structure surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, separating it from the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Ribosomal membrane

Question 60

Which of the following processes does NOT occur within the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Protein folding

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Detoxification

Question 61

In plant cells, which structure is responsible for facilitating cell division?

Accepted Answer

Phragmoplast

Answer

Centrosomes

Answer

Spindle fibres

Answer

Kinetochores

Question 62

The fundamental distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells lies in the presence or absence of which structure?

Accepted Answer

A nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Cell membrane