Motivational Theories in Management: Enhance Employee Motivation and Performance

Question 1

A manager wants to increase employee motivation by addressing their higher-order needs. Which motivational theory would be most relevant to this goal?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer

Herzberg's two-factor theory

Answer

Expectancy theory

Answer

Equity theory

Question 2

A recent study found that employees who are given opportunities for personal growth and development experience increased levels of motivation. Which motivational theory best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer

Herzberg's two-factor theory

Answer

Expectancy theory

Answer

Equity theory

Question 3

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes the need for love and belonging?

Accepted Answer

Social needs

Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Safety needs

Answer

Esteem needs

Question 4

According to Herzberg, which type of factors can lead to job satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Both hygiene factors and motivators

Answer

Hygiene factors

Answer

Motivators

Answer

Neither hygiene factors nor motivators

Question 5

Which component of expectancy theory represents the perceived relationship between effort and performance?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy

Answer

Instrumentality

Answer

Valence

Answer

Equity

Question 6

Which motivational theory suggests that employees are motivated by a desire to achieve specific outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory

Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer

Herzberg's two-factor theory

Answer

Equity theory

Question 7

Herzberg's two-factor theory divides motivational factors into:

Accepted Answer

Hygiene factors and motivation factors

Answer

Intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors

Answer

Primary needs and secondary needs

Answer

Achievement factors and recognition factors

Question 8

According to self-determination theory, individuals are less motivated when:

Accepted Answer

External pressures are applied

Answer

They feel autonomous

Answer

Their needs for competence are met

Answer

They perceive their actions as meaningful

Question 9

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following represents the highest level of human need?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization needs

Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Safety needs

Answer

Esteem needs

Question 10

Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that employee motivation is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

Hygiene factors and motivators

Answer

Extrinsic and intrinsic factors

Answer

Primary and secondary needs

Answer

Cognitive and affective factors

Question 11

Herzberg's motivators are primarily concerned with:

Accepted Answer

Job satisfaction and personal growth.

Answer

Job security and financial rewards.

Answer

Employee well-being and work-life balance.

Answer

Organizational culture and leadership style.

Question 12

Which motivational theory suggests that individuals compare their inputs and outputs to those of others and adjust their behavior accordingly?

Accepted Answer

Equity theory

Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer

Herzberg's two-factor theory

Answer

Expectancy theory

Question 13

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which factors are categorized as 'hygiene factors'?

Accepted Answer

Company policies

Answer

Achievement

Answer

Recognition

Answer

Challenge

Question 14

Which element of expectancy theory proposes that individuals are motivated to perform when they believe their efforts will yield desired outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy

Answer

Valence

Answer

Instrumentality

Answer

Equity

Question 15

Which motivational theory advocates for establishing challenging yet attainable goals?

Accepted Answer

Goal-setting theory

Answer

Self-determination theory

Answer

Social cognitive theory

Answer

Path-goal theory

Question 16

Which motivational technique involves rewarding individuals for achieving specific targets?

Accepted Answer

Performance-based compensation

Answer

Employee appreciation

Answer

Mentoring

Answer

Job enrichment

Question 17

Which motivational theory proposes that individuals are driven by a desire for personal growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory

Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer

Herzberg's two-factor theory

Answer

Expectancy theory

Question 18

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory:

Accepted Answer

Both hygiene and motivational factors are necessary for job satisfaction.

Answer

Hygiene factors alone can lead to job satisfaction.

Answer

Motivational factors are more important than hygiene factors for job satisfaction.

Answer

Hygiene factors can lead to dissatisfaction, while motivational factors cannot.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about expectancy theory is true?

Accepted Answer

It assumes that individuals are rational and make decisions based on their expectations.

Answer

It focuses solely on intrinsic rewards.

Answer

It suggests that motivation is influenced by external factors such as organizational culture.

Answer

It is based on the belief that people are always motivated to achieve the highest possible level of performance.

Question 20

According to Herzberg's theory, hygiene factors primarily serve to:

Accepted Answer

Prevent dissatisfaction and maintain a neutral emotional state.

Answer

Motivate employees to perform at a high level.

Answer

Create job satisfaction and fulfillment.

Answer

Punish employees for poor performance.

Question 21

Expectancy theory assumes that:

Accepted Answer

Individuals weigh the potential outcomes of their actions before making decisions.

Answer

Motivation is solely driven by intrinsic factors.

Answer

External rewards are the primary motivators for employees.

Answer

People's motivation is stable and unchanging.

Question 22

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level must be met before an individual can focus on higher-level needs?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Love and belongingness

Answer

Safety and security

Answer

Self-actualization

Question 23

Herzberg's two-factor theory classifies factors into which two categories?

Accepted Answer

Hygiene and motivators

Answer

Intrinsic and extrinsic

Answer

Content and process

Answer

Primary and secondary

Question 24

Which theory emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory

Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Answer

Herzberg's two-factor theory

Answer

Expectancy theory

Question 25

According to Herzberg's theory, which factor is a 'hygiene factor' that prevents dissatisfaction but does not necessarily motivate?

Accepted Answer

Company policies

Answer

Recognition

Answer

Achievement

Answer

Responsibility

Question 26

In expectancy theory, low perceived effort will lead to:

Accepted Answer

Decreased motivation

Answer

Increased motivation

Answer

No change in motivation

Answer

Unpredictable changes in motivation

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-determined motivation?

Accepted Answer

Control

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Relatedness

Answer

Competence

Question 28

Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals with high achievement motivation?

Accepted Answer

They set challenging goals and strive for excellence

Answer

They are motivated by external rewards and recognition

Answer

They prefer tasks that are easy and predictable

Answer

They have a low tolerance for failure

Question 29

An employee's belief in their ability to perform a task successfully is known as:

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy

Answer

Self-esteem

Answer

Locus of control

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 30

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need is considered the highest level?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization needs

Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Safety needs

Answer

Esteem needs

Question 31

Which of the following is identified as a motivator in Herzberg's two-factor theory?

Accepted Answer

Recognition for accomplishments

Answer

Company policies and regulations

Answer

Salary and benefits

Answer

Supervisory practices

Question 32

Job enrichment aims to improve employee motivation primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Increasing the variety of tasks performed

Answer

Reducing the overall workload

Answer

Providing more frequent breaks

Answer

Offering higher rewards

Question 33

Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that which two types of factors influence motivation?

Accepted Answer

Hygienic and motivational factors

Answer

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Answer

Content and process factors

Answer

Cognitive and affective factors

Question 34

Which of the following is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization needs

Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Safety needs

Answer

Love and belonging needs

Question 35

Which type of motivational strategy focuses on providing employees with opportunities for growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Job enrichment

Answer

Goal setting

Answer

Performance-based rewards

Answer

Employee involvement

Question 36

Which of the following is considered an example of an intrinsic motivator?

Accepted Answer

Job autonomy

Answer

Recognition

Answer

Monetary reward

Answer

Promotion

Question 37

In expectancy theory, which component represents the perceived probability that effort will lead to performance?

Accepted Answer

Effort-performance expectancy

Answer

Performance-reward expectancy

Answer

Reward-valence expectancy

Answer

valence

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Requires external rewards to maintain

Answer

Driven by internal rewards

Answer

Leads to sustained performance

Answer

Increases job satisfaction

Question 39

According to equity theory, what drives employee motivation?

Accepted Answer

Individuals strive to maintain a fair and equitable balance between their contributions and rewards

Answer

Individuals are motivated by their perceptions of fairness and just treatment

Answer

Individuals are motivated to establish equilibrium in their work relationships

Answer

Individuals are motivated to avoid negative consequences

Question 40

In practice, how is equity theory often applied?

Accepted Answer

Compensation analysis and benefits planning

Answer

Performance evaluation

Answer

Succession planning

Answer

Team building and development

Question 41

Which technique involves setting specific, challenging, and attainable goals to enhance motivation?

Accepted Answer

Goal setting

Answer

Job enrichment

Answer

Feedback provision

Answer

Mentoring and support