Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Quizzes - Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an element of the crime of murder?

Accepted Answer

Premeditation

Answer

Intention to kill

Answer

Unlawful killing

Answer

Malice aforethought

Question 2

When defining the crime of murder, which of the following is NOT considered a key element?

Accepted Answer

Intent to cause grievous bodily harm

Answer

Unlawful killing

Answer

Malice aforethought

Answer

Premeditation

Question 3

Identify the element that is NOT required to establish the crime of murder:

Accepted Answer

Proof of motive

Answer

Unlawful killing of a human being

Answer

Intention to kill or cause serious bodily harm

Answer

Absence of a valid defense

Question 4

In the context of criminal law, when are actions considered an 'attempt' to commit an offense?

Accepted Answer

When significant steps towards committing the offense have been taken.

Answer

When a plan to commit the offense has been made.

Answer

When the necessary tools or materials for the offense have been acquired.

Answer

When the intent to commit the offense has been communicated to others.

Question 5

Which of the following is not an essential element to prove the crime of murder?

Accepted Answer

Premeditation

Answer

Intention to kill

Answer

Death of the victim

Answer

Causation

Question 6

In the context of murder, which of the following is an essential element of the actus reus (physical element) of the crime?

Accepted Answer

Unlawful killing of a human being

Accepted Answer

Causation of death

Answer

Intention to kill

Answer

Malice aforethought

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an element of the offense of conspiracy to commit robbery?

Accepted Answer

A specific target for the robbery

Answer

Agreement between two or more individuals

Answer

Intention to commit robbery

Question 8

In molecular biology, which technique is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Question 9

In a laboratory setting, which technique is commonly employed to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Question 10

Which technique separates proteins based on their isoelectric point?

Accepted Answer

Isoelectric Focusing

Answer

Gel Electrophoresis

Question 11

How do lipids contribute to the structure and function of biological membranes? Explain how their properties influence membrane behavior.

Accepted Answer

The polar head groups of lipids face outward, interacting with water, while the nonpolar tails face inward, creating a hydrophobic core.

Answer

Lipids form a rigid barrier that isolates the cell from its environment.

Answer

Saturated fatty acid chains in lipids make the membrane more flexible.

Answer

Lipids have no impact on membrane fluidity or permeability.

Question 12

Explain the central dogma of molecular biology and its role in governing the flow of genetic information in living organisms.

Accepted Answer

DNA carries genetic information, which is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein.

Answer

Genetic information can flow directly from proteins back to DNA.

Answer

RNA can bypass DNA and directly translate into proteins.

Answer

The central dogma has no significant implications for the flow of genetic information in biological systems.

Question 13

Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 14

Which biomolecule is responsible for carrying genetic information in all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Question 15

What is a defining difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Answer

Only prokaryotic cells have ribosomes.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells are usually larger than eukaryotic cells.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells are the only type of cell with a cell membrane.

Question 16

Which molecule is not a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Ribose

Answer

Phosphate

Question 17

Which technique separates proteins based on their size and electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Question 18

Which technique is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 19

Which biomolecule is responsible for storing and passing on genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic Acids

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Question 20

Which biomolecule is NOT specifically covered in this unit?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Question 21

The primary structure of a protein directly refers to:

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids

Answer

The folding of the polypeptide chain

Answer

The interactions between different polypeptide chains

Answer

The functional properties of the protein

Question 22

Which of the following is a carbohydrate classified as a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Fructose

Answer

Lactose

Question 23

The Watson-Crick model primarily describes the structure of:

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Question 24

Which of the following is a primary function of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Speeding up chemical reactions

Answer

Providing energy for cells

Answer

Transporting molecules across cell membranes

Answer

Synthesizing new proteins

Question 25

The biological process by which DNA is converted into RNA is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 26

The Human Genome Project was significant primarily because it:

Accepted Answer

Identified the complete sequence of the human genome

Answer

Developed new methods for gene editing

Answer

Cured genetic diseases

Answer

Created personalized medicine treatments

Question 27

Which type of bond is characterized by the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Disulfide bond

Question 28

Which substance is NOT a biomolecule studied in this unit?

Accepted Answer

Minerals

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 29

The primary structure of a protein refers to its:

Accepted Answer

Linear sequence of amino acids

Answer

Folding pattern in space

Answer

Interactions between side chains

Answer

Presence of disulfide bonds

Question 30

Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Answer

Cell-cell recognition

Answer

Immune defense

Answer

Hormone signaling

Question 31

The process by which genetic information in DNA is transferred to RNA is called:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Denaturation

Question 32

The correct order of events in protein synthesis is:

Accepted Answer

Replication, transcription, translation

Answer

Transcription, translation, replication

Answer

Translation, transcription, replication

Answer

Replication, translation, transcription

Question 33

Who is credited with discovering the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

James Watson and Francis Crick

Answer

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

Answer

Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin

Answer

Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch

Question 34

Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

PCR

Question 35

Which type of mutation involves the addition or removal of nucleotides in a gene?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift

Answer

Substitution

Answer

Missense

Answer

Nonsense

Question 36

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information. Which of the following best explains this concept?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.

Answer

Genetic information flows directly from DNA to proteins.

Answer

The central dogma applies only to eukaryotic cells.

Answer

Genetic information can flow from proteins to DNA.

Question 37

How do molecular biology techniques like PCR and gel electrophoresis aid in diagnosing genetic diseases?

Accepted Answer

PCR amplifies specific DNA sequences, and gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size, helping identify mutations or genetic variations.

Answer

PCR detects mutations, while gel electrophoresis amplifies DNA.

Answer

Gel electrophoresis amplifies DNA, while PCR detects mutations.

Question 38

Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in живых организмах?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and cellular respiration

Answer

Genetic information storage

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cell membrane structure

Question 39

What is the structural difference between alpha-glucose and beta-glucose?

Accepted Answer

The position of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1

Answer

The position of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2

Answer

The type of glycosidic bond formed

Answer

The number of hydrogen atoms in the molecule

Question 40

Which of the following types of lipids is characterized by the presence of a glycerol backbone?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Steroids

Answer

Terpenes

Answer

Fatty acids

Question 41

What is the primary role of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Answer

Transporting molecules across cell membranes

Answer

Providing structural support to cells

Question 42

What is the base pairing rule for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A-T, C-G

Answer

A-C, T-G

Answer

A-G, T-C

Answer

C-T, A-G

Question 43

Which of the following techniques is used to separate proteins based on their size and electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

X-ray crystallography

Question 44

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Energy currency

Answer

Genetic material

Answer

Membrane component

Answer

Hormonal regulator

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Protecting the cell

Answer

Regulating transport

Answer

Transmitting signals

Question 46

What is the key difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not

Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not

Answer

Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells

Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a single chromosome, while prokaryotic cells have multiple chromosomes

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a type of nucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 48

Which technique is commonly used to separate DNA molecules based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Centrifugation

Question 49

Describe the role of chaperones in facilitating protein folding and their significance in maintaining cellular integrity.

Accepted Answer

Chaperones prevent protein aggregation and facilitate correct folding by binding to unfolded proteins.

Answer

Chaperones are exclusively involved in the initial folding of newly synthesized proteins.

Answer

Chaperones display high specificity, binding only to specific target proteins.

Answer

Chaperones have no role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Question 50

How does molecular biology aid in understanding genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Molecular biology techniques can pinpoint the genetic mutations responsible for genetic disorders.

Answer

Molecular biology has no role in diagnosing or treating genetic disorders.

Answer

Molecular biology can completely cure all genetic disorders.

Question 51

What are the fundamental principles of synthetic biology, and how can it be applied in fields like medicine, energy, and environmental science?

Accepted Answer

Synthetic biology involves engineering biological systems to perform new functions, offering potential solutions in various fields.

Answer

Synthetic biology focuses on analyzing the structure of biomolecules without aiming to create new functions.

Answer

Synthetic biology is limited to applications in medicine and has no relevance to other fields.

Answer

Synthetic biology only involves modifying existing biological systems and does not create new ones.

Question 52

For sequencing the entire human genome, which DNA sequencing method is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Next-generation sequencing (NGS)

Answer

Sanger sequencing

Answer

Single-cell sequencing

Answer

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis

Question 53

Which biomolecule is NOT covered in this unit?

Accepted Answer

Hormones

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Question 54

Which amino acid contains a basic nitrogen atom in its side chain?

Accepted Answer

Lysine

Answer

Alanine

Answer

Glycine

Answer

Serine

Question 55

What is the primary role of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and metabolism

Answer

Hormonal regulation

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Cell signalling

Question 56

Which bond type determines the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Van der Waals force

Question 57

Which nucleotide base is unique to DNA compared to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Uracil

Question 58

Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of eukaryotic gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

Translation factor recruitment

Answer

Transcription factor binding

Answer

Histone modification

Answer

MicroRNA-mediated silencing

Question 60

Which of the following amino acids has a hydrophobic side chain?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Answer

Arginine

Answer

Aspartic acid

Answer

Serine

Question 61

Which component of a DNA molecule specifies the order of amino acids in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Sequence of nucleotides

Answer

Supercoiling

Answer

Double helix shape

Answer

Hydrogen bonding pattern

Question 62

Which of the following is a primary function of lipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Genetic information storage

Answer

Signal transduction

Question 63

Which of the following cellular processes directly involves the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 64

Which of the following laboratory techniques is commonly used to separate proteins based on their electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Mass spectrometry

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Spectrophotometry