Endocrinology Quizzes: Master Hormone Function and Disorders

Question 1

What is the primary target organ for thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Kidney

Answer

Muscle

Answer

Heart

Question 2

Which of the following conditions is associated with excessive production of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 3

Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 4

Which of the following laboratory tests is primarily used to assess adrenal function?

Accepted Answer

24-hour urine cortisol

Answer

Fasting plasma glucose

Answer

Urinalysis for microalbumin

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test

Question 5

What is the primary action of insulin in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of glycogen synthesis in the liver

Answer

Inhibition of glucose uptake into cells

Answer

Enhancement of gluconeogenesis

Answer

Promotion of lipolysis

Question 6

Which of the following conditions is associated with a deficiency of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer

Hypophosphatemia

Question 7

Which hormone is responsible for promoting growth, development, and regulating metabolism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 8

The primary hormone responsible for regulating blood calcium levels is:

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 9

Which condition is characterized by hyperthyroidism and exophthalmos?

Accepted Answer

Graves' disease

Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 10

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Aldosterone

Question 11

The primary cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus is:

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Answer

Insulin resistance

Answer

Genetic defects in insulin production

Question 12

The hormone responsible for stimulating ovulation is:

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Estrogen

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Promoting growth and development

Answer

Stimulating insulin secretion

Question 14

Which hormone stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 15

Which clinical feature is characteristic of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss despite increased appetite

Answer

Slowed heart rate

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Lethargy

Question 16

Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess thyroid function?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid function test (TFT)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test

Answer

Insulin tolerance test

Answer

Glucagon stimulation test

Question 17

Which type of diabetes is characterized by an inability to produce insulin?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Answer

Monogenic diabetes

Question 18

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the regulation of blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Somatotropin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 19

A patient presents with symptoms of muscle weakness, fatigue, and weight loss. Which of the following endocrine disorders is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Thyroid disorder

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 20

Which of the following is a key symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Dry skin

Question 21

Which pituitary hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 22

Which factor triggers the release of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Low serum calcium

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Parathyroid hormone-related protein

Question 23

Which hormone is crucial for fetal lung maturation?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 24

Which pituitary hormone is known as the hormone released in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin

Answer

Stimulating growth and development

Answer

Regulating metabolism

Answer

Controlling reproductive function

Question 26

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 27

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating calcium metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 28

Which endocrine gland is responsible for producing and releasing growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 29

Which hormone is involved in stimulating the synthesis and release of glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Prolactin

Question 30

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood pressure

Answer

Regulation of growth and development

Answer

Control of metabolism

Answer

Secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 32

What is the leading cause of Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands

Answer

Overproduction of cortisol

Answer

Underproduction of aldosterone

Answer

Tumor of the pituitary gland

Question 33

Which type of diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Answer

Monogenic diabetes

Question 34

Which of the following is a contraindication for radioactive iodine therapy in hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy

Answer

Recent myocardial infarction

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Poor renal function

Question 35

Which endocrine disorder is most commonly associated with female infertility?

Accepted Answer

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Answer

Endometriosis

Answer

Tubal factor infertility

Answer

Unexplained infertility

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Immune system regulation

Answer

Regulation of metabolism

Answer

Control of growth and development

Answer

Maintenance of electrolyte balance

Question 37

The primary hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose homeostasis is:

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 38

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Lethargy

Answer

Cold intolerance

Question 39

The hormone that stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen is:

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 40

The treatment of choice for hypothyroidism is:

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy

Answer

Antithyroid medication

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Radioactive iodine therapy

Question 41

The hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis is:

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Cortisol