Nephrology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge of Kidney and Urinary Tract Health

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Obesity

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Answer

Excretion of waste products

Answer

Regulation of blood volume and pressure

Answer

Maintenance of acid-base balance

Question 3

Which hormone plays a key role in regulating water reabsorption in the collecting ducts?

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 4

Which type of kidney stone is the most common?

Accepted Answer

Calcium oxalate

Answer

Uric acid

Answer

Struvite

Answer

Cystine

Question 5

Which of the following is a contraindication to percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), a minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Having only one functioning kidney

Answer

Uncontrolled high blood pressure

Answer

Recent infection of the urinary tract

Answer

Obesity

Question 6

Which type of glomerular disease involves the presence of antibodies directed against the kidney's filtering membrane?

Accepted Answer

Goodpasture's syndrome

Answer

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer

IgA nephropathy

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 7

Glomerulonephritis is a glomerular disease characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Inflammation of the glomeruli

Answer

Infection of the renal pelvis

Answer

Formation of kidney stones

Answer

Obstruction of the urinary tract

Question 8

What is the most prevalent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

Accepted Answer

Pre-renal azotemia

Answer

Intrinsic renal damage

Answer

Post-renal obstruction

Answer

Urinary tract infection

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a type of urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Lung infection (pneumonia)

Answer

Bladder infection (cystitis)

Answer

Urethra infection (urethritis)

Answer

Prostate infection (prostatitis)

Question 10

The most common symptom associated with a kidney stone is:

Accepted Answer

Pain in the side or back

Answer

Blood in the urine

Answer

Painful urination

Answer

Frequent urination at night

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes Stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines?

Accepted Answer

eGFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2 or initiation of renal replacement therapy

Answer

eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2

Answer

eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 and albuminuria 30-300 mg/g

Answer

Albuninuria ≥30 mg/g

Question 12

Describe the pathophysiology of acute tubular necrosis, a prevalent cause of acute kidney injury.

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia-induced damage to tubular epithelial cells, impairing reabsorption and secretion.

Answer

Glomerular inflammation and scarring, reducing glomerular filtration rate.

Answer

Interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, obstructing the tubules.

Question 13

Which symptom is most commonly experienced by individuals with chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Proteinuria

Answer

Edema

Answer

Dysuria

Question 14

What are the core principles guiding the use of immunosuppressive therapy in managing glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Suppressing the immune response to reduce inflammation in the glomeruli and prevent further damage.

Answer

Targeting and eliminating the root cause of glomerulonephritis.

Answer

Improving kidney function and preventing progression to end-stage renal disease.

Answer

Reducing the likelihood of developing other autoimmune conditions.

Question 15

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Increased glomerular permeability to proteins

Answer

Reduced glomerular filtration rate

Answer

Enhanced sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal tubules

Answer

Increased production of albumin by the liver

Question 16

Which of the following outlines the stepwise approach to managing urinary incontinence?

Accepted Answer

Conservative methods, pharmacological interventions, and surgical options

Answer

Pharmacological interventions and surgical options only

Answer

Conservative methods only

Answer

Surgical options only

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Produce bile

Answer

Filter waste products from the blood

Answer

Maintain electrolyte balance

Answer

Regulate blood pressure

Question 18

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating water reabsorption in the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Renin

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Aldosterone

Question 19

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of acute kidney injury?

Accepted Answer

Oliguria

Answer

Nocturia

Answer

Hematuria

Answer

Polyuria

Question 20

Which type of glomerulonephritis is characterized by the presence of antibodies targeting the glomerular basement membrane and pulmonary hemorrhage?

Accepted Answer

Goodpasture's syndrome

Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

Membranous nephropathy

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 21

Which type of renal replacement therapy involves the diffusion of waste products across a semi-permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hemodialysis

Answer

Peritoneal dialysis

Answer

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Answer

Autotransplantation

Question 22

Which class of medications is commonly used to treat hypertension in patients with kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Question 23

Which of the following dietary recommendations is appropriate for patients with chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Limit phosphorus intake

Answer

Consume a high-sodium diet

Answer

Restrict fluid intake

Answer

Increase protein intake