Master Thermodynamics: Delve into Thermal Energy and Transformations

Question 1

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

The total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

Answer

Heat energy can be created but not destroyed.

Answer

The total energy of an isolated system decreases.

Answer

Heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold objects.

Question 2

A heat engine operating between reservoirs at temperatures T_H and T_C has a maximum possible efficiency of:

Accepted Answer

(T_H - T_C) / T_H

Answer

(T_C - T_H) / T_C

Answer

T_H / T_C

Answer

T_C / T_H

Question 3

Which of the following is a valid consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Perpetual motion machines of the second kind are impossible.

Answer

The entropy of a closed system can decrease.

Answer

Heat engines can operate with 100% efficiency.

Answer

The universe is becoming less disordered over time.

Question 4

A reversible process is one where:

Accepted Answer

The system returns to its initial state with no net change in entropy.

Answer

The system gains entropy.

Answer

Work is done on the system.

Answer

Heat flows into the system irreversibly.

Question 5

Which of the following systems can be considered closed?

Accepted Answer

A sealed bottle of gas

Answer

A room with an open window

Answer

A pot of boiling water with the lid off

Answer

A bicycle pump with the valve open

Question 6

Which of the following processes is adiabatic?

Accepted Answer

The expansion of an ideal gas into a vacuum

Answer

The compression of a gas in a cylinder with heat exchange

Answer

The melting of ice at constant pressure

Answer

The boiling of water at constant temperature

Question 7

Enthalpy is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The sum of internal energy and the product of pressure and volume.

Answer

The difference between internal energy and entropy.

Answer

The amount of heat transferred at constant temperature.

Answer

The work done by a system at constant volume.

Question 8

A thermodynamic property is a quantity that:

Accepted Answer

Describes the state of a system independently of its path.

Answer

Changes with time.

Answer

Depends on the amount of matter in the system.

Answer

Is always positive.

Question 9

Gibbs free energy represents:

Accepted Answer

The maximum amount of non-expansion work that can be extracted from a system at constant temperature and pressure.

Answer

The change in entropy of a system at constant temperature.

Answer

The amount of heat transferred at constant volume.

Answer

The work done by a system at constant pressure.

Question 10

Which statement accurately reflects the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The change in a system's internal energy equals the heat acquired minus the work performed.

Answer

Heat energy cannot be generated or destroyed.

Answer

The total entropy of an isolated system continually increases.

Answer

Heat spontaneously moves from cold objects to warm objects.

Question 11

Which of the following is a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Mass

Answer

Velocity

Answer

Acceleration

Question 12

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the total entropy of an isolated system:

Accepted Answer

Increases over time

Answer

Decreases over time

Answer

Remains constant over time

Answer

Can be either increasing or decreasing

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a type of thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium

Answer

Closed

Answer

Open

Answer

Isolated

Question 14

During a reversible process, the entropy change of the system is:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Cannot be determined

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero

Answer

The enthalpy change of a reaction is proportional to temperature

Answer

The heat capacity of a substance is constant at all temperatures

Answer

The entropy of a mixed gas is always less than the sum of the entropies of the individual gases

Question 16

In an isothermal expansion of a gas, the work done by the gas is:

Accepted Answer

Equal to the heat absorbed by the gas

Answer

Greater than the heat absorbed by the gas

Answer

Less than the heat absorbed by the gas

Answer

Not related to the heat absorbed by the gas

Question 17

Which of the following is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Gibbs free energy

Answer

Internal energy

Question 18

A heat pump is used to maintain a constant temperature inside a building. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The heat pump transfers heat from the outside of the building to the inside

Answer

The heat pump transfers heat from the inside of the building to the outside

Answer

The heat pump does not transfer heat, but instead generates heat

Answer

The heat pump is a perpetual motion machine

Question 19

The thermodynamic property that determines the spontaneity of a reaction at constant temperature and pressure is:

Accepted Answer

Gibbs free energy

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Internal energy

Question 20

In spontaneous processes, entropy tends to move in which direction?

Accepted Answer

Increase

Answer

Decrease

Answer

Stay the same

Question 21

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will increase over time.

Answer

The efficiency of any heat engine can reach 100%.

Answer

Heat can flow spontaneously from a cooler to a hotter body.

Answer

Energy can be created or destroyed.

Question 22

Which of the following accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Total energy within a closed system remains constant, only undergoing transfer and transformation.

Answer

Heat spontaneously flows from colder objects to warmer objects.

Answer

Entropy within an isolated system perpetually increases.

Question 23

The second law of thermodynamics can be summarized as:

Accepted Answer

In an isolated system, entropy consistently increases over time.

Answer

Thermal energy always transfers from cold to hot objects.

Answer

Energy can be freely created or destroyed.

Question 24

Which process exemplifies an isentropic process?

Accepted Answer

Adiabatic and reversible expansion of an ideal gas.

Answer

Isothermal compression of a real gas.

Answer

Irreversible adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas.

Answer

Isochoric heating of a liquid.

Question 25

Which of the following qualifies as a thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

A sealed container filled with gas that is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings.

Answer

A vacuum.

Answer

An individual gas molecule.

Question 26

Explain the distinction between heat and temperature.

Accepted Answer

Heat involves energy transfer due to temperature differences, while temperature measures the average kinetic energy of molecules.

Answer

Heat is an energy form, while temperature gauges thermal energy.

Question 27

Which factor does NOT impact the rate of heat transfer?

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Surface area.

Answer

Temperature gradient.

Answer

Material properties.

Question 28

The molar specific heat capacity for an ideal gas is expressed as:

Accepted Answer

3/2 R

Answer

2R

Answer

5/2 R

Answer

R

Question 29

According to the third law of thermodynamics, what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero approaches zero.

Answer

Heat flows from hot objects to cold objects.

Answer

Entropy within an isolated system steadily increases.

Question 30

How are the change in entropy and the heat capacity of a system related?

Accepted Answer

dS = C dT

Answer

C = dS / dT

Answer

dS = -C dT

Answer

-C = dS / dT