Biological Psychology: Uncover the Brain-Behavior Connection

Question 1

Which concept is not widely accepted in contemporary sociological research on race and ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Racial essentialism

Answer

Social construction

Answer

Intersectionality

Answer

White privilege

Question 2

What is the most accurate definition of racism?

Accepted Answer

The belief that one race is inherently superior to another.

Answer

Discriminatory practices against specific races or ethnic groups.

Answer

Ignorance and prejudice.

Answer

Social stratification.

Question 3

In symbolic interactionism, how do individuals acquire racial and ethnic identities?

Accepted Answer

Through interactions with others who shape their understanding of racial and ethnic norms.

Answer

Solely through genetics inherited from their family.

Answer

Primarily through government policies that define racial and ethnic categories.

Answer

Exclusively through religious beliefs that dictate racial and ethnic affiliations.

Question 4

What is a common psychological consequence of experiencing racial or ethnic discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Increased anxiety, stress, and depression

Answer

Higher self-esteem and confidence

Answer

Improved academic performance and cognitive abilities

Question 5

Which theory suggests that racial and ethnic categories are not inherent, but rather shaped by social processes that create advantages or disadvantages for different groups?

Accepted Answer

Racial formation theory

Answer

Biological determinism

Answer

Social Darwinism

Answer

Cultural relativism

Question 6

What is a common psychological consequence experienced by individuals who face racial or ethnic discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety and depression

Answer

Enhanced self-esteem and confidence

Answer

Improved problem-solving abilities

Answer

Increased academic performance

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of racial and ethnic groups?

Accepted Answer

Shared socioeconomic status

Answer

Shared ancestry

Answer

Shared culture

Answer

Shared physical characteristics

Question 8

Evaluate the ethical implications of genetic research on race and ethnicity, considering the potential benefits and risks.

Accepted Answer

Genetic research on race and ethnicity could exacerbate existing prejudices and stereotypes.

Accepted Answer

Genetic research on race and ethnicity has the potential to contribute to personalized medicine and treatments tailored to specific populations.

Answer

Genetic research on race and ethnicity should be completely banned due to its inherent ethical risks.

Answer

The ethical implications of genetic research on race and ethnicity are not relevant in the modern era.

Question 9

How do genetics and environmental factors interact to shape human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Genetics and environmental factors jointly influence human behavior.

Answer

Genetics alone determine all human behaviors and traits.

Answer

Genetic factors have no influence on human behavior.

Question 10

How do genes and the environment interact to shape behavior?

Accepted Answer

Genes provide a foundation for behavior, which can be influenced by environmental factors.

Answer

Genes solely determine behavior.

Answer

Genes have no impact on behavior.

Answer

Behavior is solely determined by environmental factors.

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the reward pathway and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Question 12

The prefrontal cortex is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Executive function, decision-making, and working memory

Answer

Emotional regulation

Answer

Muscle movement

Answer

Sensory processing

Question 13

Which hormone is released during stressful situations, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and is part of the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Testosterone

Question 14

The study of the genetic basis of behavior and traits is known as:

Accepted Answer

Psychogenetics

Answer

Neuropsychology

Answer

Biochemistry

Answer

Neuroanatomy

Question 15

Which neuroimaging technique involves recording electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp?

Accepted Answer

EEG

Answer

fMRI

Answer

MEG

Answer

PET

Question 16

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Regulating breathing, heart rate, and digestion

Answer

Controlling voluntary muscle movement

Answer

Processing sensory information

Answer

Producing hormones

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, responsible for calming the brain's activity?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Glycine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Aspartate

Question 18

Which brain imaging technique measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

EEG

Answer

MEG

Answer

PET

Question 19

The scientific study that explores the relationship between brain structure and brain function, including neural pathways and networks, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Neuroanatomy

Answer

Neuropsychology

Answer

Psychogenetics

Answer

Biochemistry

Question 20

How does the hippocampus contribute to the formation of memories?

Accepted Answer

It consolidates short-term memories into long-term memories.

Answer

It retrieves memories.

Answer

It encodes visual memories.

Question 21

Which brain region is responsible for regulating both body temperature and sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 22

Which hormone plays a primary role in the body's response to stressful situations?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 23

Which of these characteristics is associated with the sympathetic nervous system's activation?

Accepted Answer

Preparation of the body for action

Answer

Reduction in heart rate

Answer

Promotion of digestion

Answer

Conservation of energy

Question 24

What is the predominant effect of the neurotransmitter GABA on neural activity?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition

Answer

Excitation

Answer

Both inhibitory and excitatory effects

Answer

No effect

Question 25

Which brain lobe is primarily involved in the processing of visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 26

What is the term for the process by which neurons communicate with each other?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic transmission

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Axonal transport

Answer

Myelination

Question 27

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for feelings of pleasure and reward?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 28

Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland in response to stressful situations?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Endorphin

Answer

Insulin

Question 29

The scientific study of the genetic basis of behavior is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral genetics

Answer

Molecular genetics

Answer

Neurogenetics

Answer

Genomics

Question 30

Which brain imaging technique utilizes changes in blood flow to measure brain activity?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

PET

Answer

EEG

Answer

MRI

Question 31

In experimental research, randomly assigning participants to different conditions is a key characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

Experimental studies

Answer

Correlational studies

Answer

Observational studies

Answer

Case studies

Question 32

Which division of the nervous system controls involuntary actions, such as heart rate and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Sensory nervous system

Question 33

The ethical principle that requires researchers to obtain informed consent prior to conducting research with human participants is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Anonymity

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 34

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, what triggers the emotional response?

Accepted Answer

Physiological arousal

Answer

Subjective emotional experience

Answer

Cognitive appraisal

Question 35

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in feelings of reward and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 36

Which brain region plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature, blood pressure, and breathing?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Amygdala

Question 37

What is the term for the genetic material that determines an individual's traits?

Accepted Answer

Genotype

Answer

Genome

Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Allele

Question 38

Which hormone is released in response to stress and has a stimulating effect on the body?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Question 39

What is the name of the electrical signals that transmit information throughout the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials

Answer

Synaptic potentials

Answer

Neurotransmitters

Answer

Hormones

Question 40

Which neuroimaging technique measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

PET

Answer

EEG

Answer

MEG

Question 41

What is the name of the structure that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 42

Which type of brainwave is associated with deep sleep?

Accepted Answer

Delta waves

Answer

Alpha waves

Answer

Beta waves

Answer

Theta waves

Question 43

What is the term for the gradual decline in brain function that accompanies aging?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive decline

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Amnesia

Answer

Aphasia

Question 44

Which psychological disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder

Answer

Schizophrenia

Answer

Anxiety disorder

Answer

Personality disorder

Question 45

Which hormone is primarily responsible for coordinating the body's stress response and regulating energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Dopamine

Question 46

Which of the following best describes the interaction between genes and environment?

Accepted Answer

Genes and environment interact in a bidirectional relationship, influencing each other.

Answer

Genes determine all aspects of our behavior, regardless of environmental influences.

Answer

The environment exclusively shapes our behavior, and genes have no influence.

Answer

Genes and environment have no interaction; they operate independently of each other.

Question 47

Animal models are widely used in psychology research. What is a key advantage of using animal models to study behavior?

Accepted Answer

Animal studies allow researchers to control variables precisely, isolating their effects on behavior.

Answer

Animal studies perfectly replicate the complexity of human behavior, ensuring direct translation of findings.

Answer

Animal studies raise no ethical concerns due to animals' limited cognitive abilities.

Answer

Animal study findings are always generalizable to human behavior due to similarities in neurobiology and genetics.

Question 48

How does neuroplasticity contribute to learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

Neuroplasticity enables the brain to change and adapt based on experiences, forming the physical foundation for learning and memory.

Answer

Neuroplasticity is only significant in early childhood and has no impact on learning and memory in adulthood.

Answer

Neuroplasticity is solely responsible for forgetting, not remembering.

Answer

Neuroplasticity has no connection to learning and memory processes.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Endorphins

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 51

Which neurotransmitter is predominantly associated with reward, motivation, and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 52

What is the outermost layer of the brain, primarily responsible for processing sensory information and higher cognitive functions?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Thalamus

Question 53

Which hormone is primarily involved in the body's response to stress, influencing physiological and psychological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 54

What brain imaging technique utilizes changes in blood flow to indirectly measure brain activity?

Accepted Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 55

What is the process by which memories are transferred from short-term to long-term storage in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Formation

Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Encoding

Question 56

Which brain region is primarily responsible for understanding and producing language?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 57

Which of the following is an outdated method that is no longer widely used in biological psychology research?

Accepted Answer

Introspection

Answer

Animal models

Answer

Human neuroimaging

Answer

Genetic analysis

Question 58

What is the term for the loss of memory for events that occurred before a specific brain injury or trauma?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia

Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Answer

Transient global amnesia

Answer

Aphasia

Question 59

Identify the neurotransmitter that plays a pivotal role in reward pathways and addictive behaviors:

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Question 60

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for coordinating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 61

Identify the hormone that is released during stress responses and triggers increases in heart rate and blood pressure:

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 62

Which neuroimaging technique measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 63

Identify the neuroanatomical pathway that processes visual information from the retina to the visual cortex:

Accepted Answer

Geniculocortical pathway

Answer

Nigrostriatal pathway

Answer

Mesolimbic pathway

Answer

Auditory pathway

Question 64

Which theory of emotion emphasizes the role of physiological arousal in triggering emotional responses?

Accepted Answer

James-Lange theory

Answer

Emotion-cognition interaction theory

Answer

Schachter-Singer theory

Answer

Cannon-Bard theory