Urban Crime and Safety: A Comprehensive Guide for Students

Question 1

Identify the factor NOT contributing to urban crime:

Accepted Answer

Biological inheritance

Answer

Economic disparity and marginalization

Answer

Weakened social ties and community bonds

Answer

Environmental factors, such as poor lighting and abandoned buildings

Question 2

What is the primary aim of a situational crime prevention strategy?

Accepted Answer

Minimizing opportunities for crime to occur

Answer

Increasing the perceived risk of crime commission

Answer

Enhancing the severity of punishment for crimes

Answer

Rehabilitating and reforming criminal offenders

Question 3

Which criminological theory proposes that crime results from a breakdown in societal norms and values?

Accepted Answer

Social disorganization theory

Answer

Rational choice theory

Answer

Routine activities theory

Answer

Broken windows theory

Question 4

Describe the role of community involvement in preventing urban crime:

Accepted Answer

All of the options mentioned

Answer

Providing information to law enforcement officials

Answer

Monitoring and reporting suspicious activities

Answer

Fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility

Question 5

Explain the concept of 'defensible space' in relation to urban crime prevention:

Accepted Answer

Designing public spaces to reduce opportunities for crime

Answer

Increasing surveillance and lighting in urban areas

Answer

Encouraging community participation in neighborhood watch programs

Answer

Implementing harsher punishments for criminals

Question 6

Which factor is NOT a significant contributor to urban crime?

Accepted Answer

High educational attainment

Answer

Economic inequality and poverty

Answer

Weak social bonds and community cohesion

Answer

Urban decay and environmental degradation

Question 7

What type of crime prevention strategy emphasizes modifying the physical environment to deter crime?

Accepted Answer

Environmental design

Answer

Community-oriented policing

Answer

Social programs

Answer

Deterrence

Question 8

What term describes the process where affluent individuals move into a city area, leading to the displacement of lower-income residents?

Accepted Answer

Gentrification

Answer

Urban revitalization

Answer

Redlining

Answer

Suburbanization

Question 9

What is the essence of the 'social ecology' theory of crime?

Accepted Answer

Crime is influenced by the social and physical characteristics of a place

Answer

Crime is solely determined by biological factors

Answer

Crime is primarily caused by poverty

Answer

Crime is a random and unpredictable event

Question 10

What is the primary goal of restorative justice approaches in urban crime?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging dialogue and reconciliation between victims and offenders

Answer

Severe punishment for offenders

Answer

Incapacitating offenders to prevent future offenses

Answer

Deterring crime through the threat of punishment

Question 11

Which of the following key factors does NOT contribute to urban crime?

Accepted Answer

Climate conditions and natural disasters

Answer

Poverty and inequality

Answer

Ineffective policing strategies

Answer

Architectural design

Question 12

According to the Broken Windows Theory, what is a primary cause of urban crime?

Accepted Answer

Visible signs of disorder and incivility

Answer

Neighbourhood disorganization

Answer

Lack of police presence

Answer

High unemployment rates

Question 13

Which social factor is a major contributor to urban crime rates?

Accepted Answer

Limited availability of affordable housing

Answer

Increased police presence

Answer

Stronger community bonds

Answer

Numerous job opportunities

Question 14

In what way does poverty contribute to urban crime?

Accepted Answer

Poverty can create conditions that make urban crime more likely.

Answer

Poverty is the primary cause of urban crime.

Answer

Poverty has no impact on urban crime.

Answer

Urban crime is primarily a problem in affluent areas.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered a significant factor contributing to urban crime?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced employment and economic opportunities

Answer

Environmental degradation and blight

Answer

Weakened social cohesion and community ties

Answer

Economic deprivation and unemployment

Question 16

The concept of 'defensible space' within the context of crime prevention primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Designing urban environments to minimize opportunities for criminal activity

Answer

Implementing community watch programs

Answer

Increasing police presence and surveillance

Question 17

A major criticism of the 'broken windows' theory in explaining urban crime is that it:

Accepted Answer

Oversimplifies the complex and multifaceted causes of crime

Answer

Provides clear guidance for developing effective crime prevention measures

Answer

Has been consistently supported by empirical evidence

Answer

Highlights the crucial role of community involvement in crime reduction

Question 18

The primary objective of 'situational crime prevention' strategies is to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce the likelihood of criminal behavior by eliminating or minimizing opportunities

Answer

Rehabilitate and reintegrate offenders into society

Answer

Improve social conditions and address root causes of crime

Answer

Increase fear of punishment and deterrence among potential offenders

Question 19

A defining characteristic of effective community policing is:

Accepted Answer

Active engagement, collaboration, and partnership with community members

Answer

Exclusive reliance on technology-based surveillance and monitoring systems

Answer

Emphasis on reactive enforcement rather than proactive crime prevention

Question 20

The primary purpose of collecting and analyzing crime data is to:

Accepted Answer

Inform and guide crime prevention, control, and reduction strategies

Answer

Deter potential criminals and prevent future crime

Answer

Punish offenders more severely and swiftly

Answer

Satisfy public curiosity and media interest

Question 21

A potential challenge in utilizing crime data for decision-making and policy development is:

Accepted Answer

Inaccuracy, incompleteness, or biases in the data itself

Answer

Lack of standardized data collection methods across different jurisdictions

Answer

Ease of accessibility and widespread availability

Answer

Difficulty in interpreting and understanding the data

Question 22

Understanding the spatial distribution of crime is important because it:

Accepted Answer

Helps identify crime hotspots, target prevention efforts, and allocate resources effectively

Answer

Provides a complete and comprehensive picture of the crime situation in a city

Answer

Allows for accurate predictions of future crime patterns and trends

Question 23

A key element of fear of crime is:

Accepted Answer

Perception of personal vulnerability and risk of victimization

Answer

Actual crime rates and statistics in a particular area

Answer

Sensationalized media coverage of crime and criminal activity

Question 24

The social disorganization theory in criminology suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Weak social ties, low social cohesion, and lack of collective efficacy contribute to higher crime rates

Answer

Crime is primarily driven by economic deprivation and poverty

Answer

Individual characteristics and psychological factors are the dominant causes of crime