Veterinary Clinical Pathology Quizzes: Master Animal Disease Diagnosis

Question 1

What is the primary function of the reticuloendothelial system?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis and removal of pathogens and debris

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Production of hormones

Answer

Control of blood clotting

Question 2

What is the significance of a high blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration or renal failure

Answer

Hepatic failure

Answer

Protein malnutrition

Answer

Gastrointestinal disease

Question 3

Which of the following is the main immune function of granulocytes?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis and elimination of foreign agents

Answer

Antigen presentation

Answer

Production of antibodies

Answer

Activation of the complement system

Question 4

Which of the following is a type of white blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytes

Answer

Erythrocytes

Answer

Thrombocytes

Answer

Myocytes

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of malignant cells?

Accepted Answer

Decreased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio

Answer

Increased cell size

Answer

Abnormal mitotic figures

Question 6

What is the purpose of a bone marrow aspirate?

Accepted Answer

To diagnose blood disorders

Answer

To collect stem cells

Answer

To assess bone health

Answer

To monitor chemotherapy side effects

Question 7

What is the significance of neutrophilia?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Allergic reaction

Answer

Immune-mediated disease

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell found in the blood of mammals?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocyte

Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Monocyte

Question 9

Which of the following is **not** a type of **white blood cell**?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell

Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Monocyte

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of microcytic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin content

Answer

Increased mean corpuscular volume

Answer

Increased red cell distribution width

Answer

Normal mean cell hemoglobin concentration

Question 11

Which of the following cytological findings suggests a neoplastic process?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear pleomorphism

Answer

Anisocytosis

Answer

Poikilocytosis

Answer

Increased neutrophil count

Question 12

What is the primary function of the reticuloendothelial system in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of senescent red blood cells

Answer

Detoxification of drugs and metabolites

Answer

Synthesis of coagulation factors

Answer

Storage of bile

Question 13

What is the most common cause of hypernatremia in veterinary patients?

Accepted Answer

Excessive water loss

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 14

Which of the following electrolyte disturbances is most commonly associated with persistent vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Question 15

A urine sample with a specific gravity of 1.010 is most suggestive of:

Accepted Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Oliguria

Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Pyuria

Question 16

Which of the following cytological findings in an effusion is most suggestive of malignancy?

Accepted Answer

Presence of atypical cells

Answer

Multinucleation

Answer

High mitotic rate

Answer

Abundant inflammatory cells

Question 17

A dog presents with a history of weight loss and increased thirst. A serum glucose concentration of 20 mmol/L is obtained. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Pancreatitis

Question 18

A cat with a history of chronic kidney disease presents with a serum creatinine concentration of 450 μmol/L. What is the approximate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of this cat?

Accepted Answer

25 mL/min/kg

Answer

50 mL/min/kg

Answer

75 mL/min/kg

Answer

100 mL/min/kg

Question 19

Which of the following hematological findings is characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?

Accepted Answer

Hypochromia

Answer

Anisocytosis

Answer

Spherocytosis

Answer

Macrocytosis

Question 20

A horse with a history of muscle trauma presents with a serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration of 15,000 U/L. What is the most likely primary cause of this finding?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle injury

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Answer

Hepatic disease

Answer

Renal failure

Question 21

Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity may indicate disease in which organ?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Kidney

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 22

Thrombocytopenia is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Reduced platelet count

Answer

Elevated platelet count

Answer

Increased red blood cell count

Answer

Decreased white blood cell count

Question 23

The primary purpose of a Gram stain is to:

Accepted Answer

Differentiate bacteria based on cell wall structure

Answer

Identify parasites in blood smears

Answer

Quantify white blood cells in urine

Answer

Detect antibodies in serum

Question 24

Urinary tract infections are most frequently caused by:

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Viruses

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Protozoa

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a component of a complete blood count (CBC)?

Accepted Answer

Blood sugar level

Answer

Red blood cell count

Answer

White blood cell count

Answer

Platelet count

Question 26

The most common type of bacteria associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in dogs is:

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 27

Which technique is commonly used for the microscopic examination of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

Cytocentrifugation (used to concentrate cells for microscopic examination)

Answer

Gram staining (used to differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall structure)

Answer

Immunohistochemistry (used to identify specific proteins in cells)

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (used to amplify specific DNA sequences)

Question 28

Which liver enzyme is commonly elevated in the serum of animals with liver damage?

Accepted Answer

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Answer

Amylase

Answer

Creatine kinase

Answer

Alkaline phosphatase