Viral Pathogens in Veterinary Medicine: Master the Basics

Question 1

The initial step in the viral replication cycle is:

Accepted Answer

Adsorption

Answer

Uncoating

Answer

Replication

Answer

Assembly

Question 2

Which of the following is **not** a common diagnostic technique used to detect viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Virus isolation

Question 3

Which of the following antiviral drugs targets viral RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Ribavirin

Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Amantadine

Answer

Interferon

Question 4

The scientific discipline that focuses on viruses and viral diseases is known as:

Accepted Answer

Virology

Answer

Bacteriology

Answer

Mycology

Answer

Parasitology

Question 5

Which of the following types of viruses causes persistent infections by integrating its genetic material into the host cell's DNA?

Accepted Answer

Retrovirus

Answer

Picornavirus

Answer

Orthomyxovirus

Answer

Herpesvirus

Question 6

Which of the following accurately describes a key characteristic of RNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

They replicate their genetic material in the cell's cytoplasm.

Answer

They possess a double-stranded DNA genome.

Answer

They are less susceptible to mutations compared to DNA viruses.

Answer

They exclusively cause acute infections.

Question 7

Identify the primary mechanism through which viruses exert their pathogenic effects on host cells:

Accepted Answer

Interfering with essential cellular processes, disrupting normal function.

Answer

Releasing toxins that directly damage cellular components.

Answer

Triggering an excessive immune response leading to tissue injury.

Answer

Altering the host cell's metabolism to their advantage.

Question 8

Which of the following techniques is NOT commonly employed for the diagnosis of viral infections?

Accepted Answer

X-ray imaging, visualizing anatomical changes caused by the infection.

Answer

Viral culture, isolating the virus in a laboratory setting.

Answer

Serology, detecting antibodies against the virus in the blood.

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), amplifying viral genetic material.

Question 9

What is the term for the protein shell that encapsulates a virus particle?

Accepted Answer

Capsid

Answer

Envelope

Answer

Spike

Answer

Glycoprotein

Question 10

Identify the zoonotic viral disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans:

Accepted Answer

Rabies

Answer

Equine influenza

Answer

Feline calicivirus

Answer

Canine distemper

Question 11

What is the process by which viruses make copies of themselves within host cells called?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Encapsulation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of viral gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Sneezing

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Fever

Question 13

What is the primary objective of vaccination against viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Prevention or reduction of the severity of infections caused by the virus.

Answer

Complete eradication of the virus from the population.

Answer

Development of a cure for viral infections.

Answer

Elimination of the virus from the environment.

Question 14

Which of the following clinical signs is commonly observed in animals with viral respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Coughing

Answer

Vomitting

Answer

Bloody diarrhea

Answer

Jaundice

Question 15

The Baltimore classification system categorizes viruses based on which of the following criteria?

Accepted Answer

Genome structure and replication strategy.

Answer

Host range and tissue tropism.

Answer

Antigenic properties.

Answer

Pathogenicity and transmission route.

Question 16

What is a fundamental principle guiding the development of antiviral therapies?

Accepted Answer

Targeting mechanisms essential for viral replication.

Answer

Reducing inflammation associated with viral infection.

Answer

Stimulating the host's immune response.

Answer

Preventing viral attachment to host cells.

Question 17

Which serological diagnostic test is commonly employed for the detection of influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test

Answer

Western blot

Answer

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

Answer

Neutralization assay

Question 18

The emergence of novel viral pathogens poses a significant threat to global health primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

Increased global travel and interconnectedness.

Answer

Climate change and habitat disruption.

Answer

Antibiotic resistance.

Answer

Reduced public health surveillance.

Question 19

Which type of viral envelope originates from the host cell membrane during the budding process?

Accepted Answer

Enveloped

Answer

Naked

Answer

Pseudo-enveloped

Answer

Double-enveloped

Question 20

Which of these is considered the gold standard technique for diagnosing viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Virus isolation in cell culture

Answer

Serological testing

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Rapid antigen test

Question 21

Which of the following viral infections is a zoonosis transmitted through arthropod vectors?

Accepted Answer

Dengue fever

Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Influenza