Phrase Structure Grammar: Master the Rules of Phrase and Clause Formation

Question 1

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Phrase Structure Grammar (PSG)?

Accepted Answer

Defines rules for combining words into phrases and clauses.

Answer

Focuses on the meaning of sentences.

Answer

Assigns syntactic categories to words.

Answer

Based on the principle of recursion.

Question 2

Which of the following sentences is correctly parsed according to PSG rules?

Accepted Answer

The boy kicked the ball.

Answer

Kicked the ball the boy.

Answer

Boy kicked the ball the.

Answer

The kicked boy ball the.

Question 3

In the noun phrase 'the big red ball', which word is the head?

Accepted Answer

Ball

Answer

The

Answer

Big

Answer

Red

Question 4

How can PSG be used to analyze the structure of a language?

Accepted Answer

Both (a) and (b).

Answer

By identifying constituents and their syntactic categories.

Answer

By constructing phrase structure trees.

Answer

By examining the order in which words appear.

Question 5

What is a limitation of PSG?

Accepted Answer

Cannot account for all syntactic phenomena in natural language.

Answer

Too complex for practical use.

Answer

Not suitable for analyzing non-English languages.

Answer

Both (a) and (b).

Question 6

In phrase structure grammar, a rule specifying the composition of a phrase consists of:

Accepted Answer

A head and zero or more modifiers

Answer

A constituent replaceable by a single word

Answer

A unit indivisible into smaller constituents

Answer

Obligatory inclusion of a noun phrase

Question 7

Which option is not a type of phrase structure grammar formalism?

Accepted Answer

Hidden Markov model

Answer

Context-free grammar

Answer

Tree adjoining grammar

Answer

Lexical-functional grammar

Question 8

Which example illustrates a phrase structure rule using slash notation?

Accepted Answer

NN -> /book/

Answer

NP -> Det N

Answer

VP -> V NP

Answer

S -> NP VP

Question 9

In phrase structure grammar, a lexical rule serves to:

Accepted Answer

Assign syntactic category to a word

Answer

Define a word's semantic meaning

Answer

Specify a word's phonological form

Answer

Describe a word's morphological structure

Question 10

What is a limitation of context-free grammars (CFGs)?

Accepted Answer

Inability to capture long-distance dependencies

Answer

Hierarchical and recursive structure

Answer

Precise rules for combining syntactic units

Answer

Generation of an infinite variety of sentences

Question 11

What is a potential drawback of using phrase structure grammar formalisms?

Accepted Answer

Increased computational complexity

Answer

Enhanced clarity in language description

Answer

Simplified language comparison

Answer

Improved understanding of semantics

Question 12

Which fundamental rule defines the basic structure of phrases in Phrase Structure Grammar?

Accepted Answer

Phrases comprise a head and optionally include zero or more modifiers.

Answer

Phrase construction must exclusively follow a top-down approach.

Answer

Phrases must always have a verb as their head.

Question 13

What is a primary advantage of utilizing Phrase Structure Grammar?

Accepted Answer

It provides a systematic method to represent sentence structures.

Answer

Capacity to generate all valid sentences within a language.

Answer

Simplicity in learning and application.

Question 14

Within a noun phrase, what grammatical element functions as its head?

Accepted Answer

Noun

Answer

Verb

Answer

Preposition

Answer

Adjective

Question 15

In the context of Phrase Structure Grammar, what is the function of a modifier within a noun phrase?

Accepted Answer

To provide additional information or description

Answer

To indicate relationships between words or phrases

Answer

To express an action or state of being

Answer

To act as the central element of the phrase

Question 16

Phrase Structure Grammar can encounter different types of ambiguity. Which of the following is a recognized type of ambiguity within this context?

Accepted Answer

Structural ambiguity

Answer

Lexical ambiguity

Answer

Semantic ambiguity

Answer

Pragmatic ambiguity

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of context-free phrase structure rules?

Accepted Answer

They can be applied repeatedly to generate longer phrases.

Answer

They are used to generate natural language sentences.

Answer

They require all elements of a phrase to be present.

Answer

They specify the linear order of constituents.

Question 18

In a phrase structure tree, what is the node that contains all other nodes called?

Accepted Answer

Root node

Answer

Head node

Answer

Terminal node

Answer

Modifier node

Question 19

Which of the following is an alternative to Phrase Structure Grammar?

Accepted Answer

Dependency Grammar or Lexical-Functional Grammar

Answer

Transformational Grammar

Answer

Generative Semantics

Question 20

Which of the following concepts is central to Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar?

Accepted Answer

Phrase heads determine the distribution of modifiers

Answer

All phrases have a maximal projection

Answer

Phrases are formed by recursion

Question 21

In Tree-Adjoining Grammar, what is a tree fragment called?

Accepted Answer

Adjoinable

Answer

Constituent

Answer

Subtree