Abnormal Psychology: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

According to the DSM-5, which symptom is a key feature of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Persistent delusions or hallucinations for at least one month

Answer

Depressed mood for at least two weeks

Answer

Recurrent panic attacks

Answer

Compulsions and obsessions

Question 2

What is a key diagnostic criterion for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Accepted Answer

Excessive worry that is difficult to control.

Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness.

Answer

Recurrent thoughts of harming oneself or others.

Answer

Unusual changes in eating or sleeping patterns.

Question 3

As per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which of the following is not classified as a primary category of mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Traumatic brain injuries

Answer

Anxiety disorders

Answer

Mood disorders

Answer

Personality disorders

Question 4

Which trait is a defining characteristic of schizotypal personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

Unusual or eccentric behavior, language, or appearance

Answer

Intense feelings of inadequacy and unlovability

Answer

Excessive anxiety about everyday events

Answer

Persistent emptiness, despair, and loss of pleasure

Question 5

Which symptom is NOT associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) according to the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Panic attacks

Answer

Excessive worry

Answer

Difficulty concentrating

Answer

Muscle tension

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Accepted Answer

Delusions of grandeur or persecution

Answer

Persistent and intrusive thoughts or images (obsessions)

Answer

Repeated and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions)

Answer

Significant distress or impairment in daily functioning

Question 7

Which symptom is a defining characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Accepted Answer

Intrusive thoughts that cause significant distress

Answer

Excessive anxiety about daily events

Answer

Extreme mood swings between mania and depression

Answer

Recurring episodes of panic attacks

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) according to the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

The anxiety and worry are caused solely by a specific phobia

Answer

Excessive worry and anxiety on most days for at least six months

Answer

Difficulty controlling the worry and anxiety

Answer

Physical symptoms like fatigue, muscle tension, or sleep disturbance

Question 9

Which defining feature is central to the categorical approach to abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal behavior is clearly distinct from normal behavior.

Answer

Abnormal behavior always has a known cause.

Answer

Abnormal behavior is defined only by cultural norms.

Answer

Abnormal behavior includes adaptive behaviors.

Question 10

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is NOT a key diagnostic criterion for schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Impaired personal hygiene

Answer

Hallucinations or delusions

Answer

Disorganized speech or behavior

Answer

Symptom duration of at least 6 months

Question 11

Which symptom is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) according to the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Full-blown panic attacks

Answer

Excessive, uncontrollable worry

Answer

Restlessness or feeling on edge

Answer

Muscle tension and physical fatigue

Question 12

Which of the following is not a primary diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

Accepted Answer

Sleep disorders

Answer

Anxiety disorders

Answer

Personality disorders

Answer

Substance use disorders

Question 13

What is a key feature of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

Accepted Answer

It's a diagnostic tool for mental health professionals.

Answer

It explains the causes of mental disorders.

Answer

It provides treatment plans for mental health conditions.

Answer

It measures the prevalence of mental disorders.

Question 14

Which of the following is **not** a diagnostic criterion for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) according to the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Worry and anxiety that is clearly excessive and disproportionate to the actual threat.

Answer

Persistent and excessive worry occurring more days than not for at least six months.

Answer

Difficulty controlling the worry.

Answer

Physical symptoms (e.g., muscle tension, fatigue, irritability) that accompany the anxiety and worry.

Question 15

What distinctive characteristic sets the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) apart from other diagnostic systems?

Accepted Answer

It offers specific diagnostic criteria and guidelines, ensuring consistency in diagnosis among clinicians.

Answer

It uses a dimensional approach to diagnosis, enabling a more detailed evaluation of symptoms.

Answer

It is a comprehensive diagnostic system that covers all mental health conditions.

Answer

It is the only diagnostic system that is widely used and accepted by clinicians and researchers globally.

Question 16

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Accepted Answer

Delusions and hallucinations

Answer

Excessive worry and anxiety

Answer

Muscle tension and fatigue

Answer

Impaired concentration and sleep

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a primary classification of mental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

Accepted Answer

Physical Health Conditions

Answer

Anxiety Disorders

Answer

Personality Disorders

Answer

Substance Use Disorders

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of abnormal psychology, as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

Accepted Answer

Cultural and environmental influences

Answer

Significant distress or impairment in functioning

Answer

Deviation from societal norms and expectations

Answer

Maladaptive or ineffective behavior

Question 19

What is a key characteristic of personality disorders?

Accepted Answer

Fixed patterns of inflexible and maladaptive personality traits

Answer

Sudden onset with rapid symptom progression

Answer

Primary symptoms of hallucinations and delusions

Answer

Treatable exclusively with medication

Question 20

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms are caused by a medical condition or substance

Answer

Excessive worry and anxiety most days of the week for at least six months

Answer

Difficulty controlling the worry and anxiety

Answer

Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning

Question 21

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), what is the primary symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?

Accepted Answer

Excessive and uncontrollable worry about various topics, even minor ones

Answer

Extreme fear of specific objects or situations

Answer

Repeated flashbacks or nightmares

Question 22

What is a defining symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Accepted Answer

Excessive worry about everyday events

Answer

Fear of contamination

Answer

Panic attacks

Answer

Social avoidance

Question 23

What is a key feature of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

Accepted Answer

It provides a comprehensive system for classifying mental disorders.

Answer

It focuses solely on biological causes of mental disorders.

Answer

It is only used in research settings.

Answer

It has never been updated since its first publication.

Question 24

What is a key characteristic of personality disorders?

Accepted Answer

Long-standing patterns of behavior that cause significant distress or impairment.

Answer

Experiencing hallucinations or delusions.

Answer

Periods of elevated mood followed by periods of depression.

Question 25

Which therapeutic approach is supported by scientific evidence as an effective treatment for mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Nutritional counseling

Question 26

As per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which criterion is essential for diagnosing a mental disorder?

Accepted Answer

Significant impairment in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

Answer

Presence of a genetic predisposition to the disorder

Answer

Onset of symptoms in early childhood or adolescence

Answer

Requirement for long-term hospitalization

Question 27

As per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which of the following is a key characteristic of sleep terror disorder?

Accepted Answer

Intense fear or anxiety during sleep, leading to abrupt awakenings with panic or dread.

Answer

Repeated sleepwalking episodes with complex behaviors like talking or moving.

Answer

Difficulty falling and staying asleep, causing excessive daytime sleepiness.

Answer

Vivid and disturbing dreams that often result in nightmares and sleep disruptions.

Question 28

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for Panic Disorder, as defined by the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

A sudden onset of intense fear or anxiety.

Answer

A period of intense fear or anxiety lasting at least 6 months.

Question 29

Which symptom is a hallmark of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Impaired ability to distinguish between reality and hallucinations

Answer

Prolonged feelings of hopelessness

Answer

Repetitive and involuntary behaviors

Answer

Difficulties with memory and attention

Question 30

What is the defining characteristic of borderline personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

Unstable relationships, self-image, and emotions

Answer

Fear of abandonment

Answer

Lack of empathy

Question 31

Which of the following is a primary psychotic symptom of Schizophrenia, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations

Answer

Intrusive thoughts

Answer

Excessive anxiety

Question 32

Which of the following is a primary symptom of Schizophrenia, as per the DSM-5 criteria?

Accepted Answer

Thought blocking, leading to sudden interruptions in speech or thought

Answer

Persistent feelings of guilt and low self-esteem

Answer

Excessive anxiety and worry in social situations

Question 33

Which psychological disorder is defined by significant distortions in thinking, such as experiencing hallucinations and delusions?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia

Answer

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Answer

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Question 34

According to psychoanalytic theory, what is a primary factor contributing to the development of abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Unresolved childhood conflicts and unconscious motivations

Answer

Biological factors like genetics and brain chemistry

Answer

Learned behaviors through observation and imitation

Answer

Stressful life events and circumstances

Question 35

In the study of abnormal psychology, which of the following is generally NOT regarded as a major contributing factor to the development of mental health disorders?

Accepted Answer

Superstitious beliefs, such as the alignment of planets or zodiac signs

Answer

Genetic predispositions and neurochemical imbalances

Answer

Early childhood experiences, including trauma and neglect

Answer

Socioeconomic status, cultural expectations, and social support networks

Question 36

Which symptom is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Negative beliefs about oneself

Answer

Intrusive memories related to the traumatic event

Answer

Increased arousal and difficulty sleeping

Question 37

Which of the following is a key symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Accepted Answer

Intrusive thoughts and repetitive actions

Answer

Excessive worry and fear without a clear cause

Answer

Persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities

Answer

Distorted perceptions of reality, such as hallucinations or delusions

Question 38

Which symptom is a common feature of mood disorders, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)?

Accepted Answer

Persistent feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness

Answer

Excessive handwashing and fear of contamination

Answer

Increased appetite and weight gain

Question 39

Emil Kraepelin is widely considered the 'father of abnormal psychology' due to his groundbreaking contributions. Which of the following best summarizes his significant contributions to this field?

Accepted Answer

Developed the first comprehensive system for classifying mental disorders.

Answer

Pioneered the use of psychological tests for diagnosing mental illness.

Answer

Introduced the concept of psychodynamic therapy as a treatment for mental disorders.

Answer

Advocated for the humane treatment of individuals with mental illness.

Question 40

Which evidence-based treatment approach is widely recognized for its effectiveness in treating various mental health conditions?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Answer

Homeopathy

Answer

Crystal healing

Answer

Reiki

Question 41

What is the primary purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

Accepted Answer

Provide a standardized diagnostic framework for mental health professionals

Answer

Serve as a comprehensive treatment guide for mental health practitioners

Answer

Enhance public understanding and awareness of mental health disorders

Answer

Determine legal standards for involuntary hospitalizations of individuals with mental health conditions

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT considered a significant factor in the development of abnormal psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrological influences

Answer

Genetic factors

Answer

Childhood trauma

Answer

Social isolation

Question 43

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), what is a key characteristic of personality disorders?

Accepted Answer

Unwavering and rigid patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that significantly impair daily life or cause distress.

Answer

Severe challenges in social and professional settings.

Answer

Onset typically occurs in childhood or early adolescence.

Answer

More prevalent in males than females.

Question 44

In the treatment of abnormal psychology, what is the primary aim of psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Alleviate distressing symptoms and enhance overall functioning

Answer

Prescribe medications to manage mental health symptoms

Answer

Restrict individuals in a controlled environment

Question 45

According to the biopsychosocial model, which three main factors interact to influence abnormal psychology?

Accepted Answer

Biological, psychological, and social

Answer

Spiritual, environmental, and cognitive

Answer

Biological, psychological, and environmental

Question 46

Which approach is widely recognized as most effective in preventing the onset and severity of mental health disorders?

Accepted Answer

Promoting resilience and providing early intervention services to at-risk individuals and communities

Answer

Treating individuals with severe mental disorders to reduce their burden on society

Answer

Investing heavily in research to develop new medications for mental disorders

Question 47

Who played a pivotal role in creating the first comprehensive system for categorizing mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Emil Kraepelin

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Carl Jung

Question 48

The DSM-5 emphasizes which principle when diagnosing mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Considering cultural factors when evaluating symptoms.

Answer

Using a strictly categorical approach to diagnosis.

Answer

Prioritizing reliability over validity in diagnostic criteria.

Answer

Reliance solely on symptom frequency for diagnosis.

Question 49

According to the biopsychosocial model, which factor is NOT considered a primary contributor to the development of abnormal psychology?

Accepted Answer

Spirituality

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Environment

Answer

Biological factors

Question 50

How does an individual's cultural background impact the diagnosis and expression of mental health disorders?

Accepted Answer

Cultural factors influence symptom expression, interpretation, and diagnosis, leading to variations in diagnostic criteria.

Answer

Cultural background has no effect on mental health disorder diagnosis or manifestation.

Answer

Cultural factors only affect the treatment of mental health disorders, not their diagnosis or manifestation.

Answer

Mental health disorders manifest identically across all cultures, regardless of cultural background.

Question 51

Which type of mood disorder is characterized by episodes of both mania and depression?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder

Answer

Major depressive disorder

Answer

Dysthymia

Answer

Seasonal affective disorder

Question 52

What is the first-line treatment approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Accepted Answer

A combination of psychotherapy and medication

Answer

Psychotherapy

Answer

Medication

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy

Question 53

What is the key difference between a delusion and a hallucination?

Accepted Answer

Delusions are false beliefs, while hallucinations are false perceptions

Answer

Hallucinations are false beliefs, while delusions are false perceptions

Answer

They are both forms of false perceptions

Answer

They are both forms of false beliefs

Question 54

What is the primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

To reveal unconscious conflicts

Answer

To modify maladaptive thoughts and behaviors

Answer

To strengthen relationships

Answer

To reduce the severity of symptoms

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a defining feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) according to the DSM-5 criteria?

Accepted Answer

'Just right' experiences

Answer

Recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions)

Answer

Repetitive behaviors (compulsions)

Answer

Anxiety or distress associated with obsessions or compulsions

Question 56

What key feature differentiates personality disorders from other mental health conditions?

Accepted Answer

Persistent and inflexible patterns of thinking, emotions, and behaviors

Answer

Experiencing hallucinations or delusions

Answer

Sudden onset and brief duration

Answer

Full recovery with treatment

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for the development of mental health disorders?

Accepted Answer

Positive life experiences

Answer

Genetic predisposition

Answer

Environmental stress

Answer

Lack of social support

Question 58

Which neurotransmitter is implicated in the aetiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Glutamate

Question 59

Which type of therapy focuses on resolving unconscious conflicts?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer

Humanistic therapy

Answer

Cognitive-behavioural therapy

Answer

Systemic therapy

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of borderline personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

Stable self-image

Answer

Unstable relationships

Answer

Intense emotions

Answer

Impulsivity

Question 61

Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Genetic predisposition

Answer

Childhood trauma

Answer

Family history of psychosis

Question 62

Which neurotransmitter system is primarily implicated in the development of depression?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin system

Answer

Dopamine system

Answer

Noradrenaline system

Answer

GABA system

Question 63

Which symptom is characteristic of generalised anxiety disorder?

Accepted Answer

Excessive and persistent worry

Answer

Depressed mood

Answer

Hallucinations

Answer

Delusions

Question 64

Which approach to treating anxiety disorders involves challenging negative thoughts and behaviours?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)

Answer

Medication

Answer

Free association

Answer

Dream analysis